紫背天葵花青素相关研究与应用

综述了花青素提取工艺及其在紫背天葵中的应用,影响花青素稳定性的外界因素及紫背天葵花青素稳定性相关研究,花青素提取物的常用纯化方法及其在紫背天葵花青素提取物的纯化运用研究。介绍了天然花青素的特殊保健功能及紫背天葵花青素功能成分分析,开发利用优势及其相关产品的研究与开发。针对目前市场上普遍应用人工色素,探讨了天然色素稳定性差是限制其广泛利用的重要原因,指出通过采取不同方法提高紫背天葵花青素稳定性的可能。由于紫背天葵富含多种花青素且产量极高,是天然色素的重要来源,提出目前紫背天葵花青素相关产品开发的不足,综合开发紫背天葵花青素相关系列饮料产品、复合紫背天葵果蔬汁产品、紫背天葵食品功能添加剂产品以及功效明确的紫背天葵活性成分产品将具有广阔的前景。     

紫背天葵色素的稳定性及其提取工艺优化

以提高紫背天葵色素提取率为目的，分别以甲醇、乙醇、甲醇与乙醇体积分数各为50%的混合溶剂及蒸馏水作为提取剂进行提取对比试验，分析了紫背天葵色素提取液的稳定性。采用均匀设计，探讨了乙醇浓度、提取温度和提取时间对紫背天葵色素提取率的影响。结果表明：紫背天葵色素溶于甲醇、乙醇、甲醇与乙醇混合溶剂及蒸馏水中，乙醇提取剂对紫背天葵色素的溶解度最大，吸光值最高，提取效果最好；紫背天葵色素提取液随pH的变化而变化，pH≤4.1条件下基本保持鲜艳的紫红色，pH>4.1时色素消退；紫背天葵色素提取液不宜采用含铁锌离子的容器盛装，应置低温或室温避光环境中贮放，加热或高温时易氧化褪色。此外，还对紫背天葵色素乙醇提取的工艺参数进行了优化     

野生蔬菜紫背天葵高产示范栽培技术

野生蔬菜紫背天葵是城乡人民喜吃的特菜之一。如何种出高产、高价、优质、无污染、无药害的野生蔬菜紫背天葵 ,是山区农民尤其是城郊菜农的追求 ,同时吃到无药害的优质紫背天葵也是消费者的愿望。为此 ,于 2 0 0 0— 2 0 0 1年在全乡 3个村进行人工栽培不同海拔、区段、布点试验 ,进行 2年的野生蔬菜紫背天葵人工栽培探索 ,单产达 2 0 0 0ｋｇ/6 6 7ｍ2 ,比原生状态下产量提高 2 5 %。1　材料与方法1.1　试验品种选用适应本地、而瘠薄、在石缝中也能正常生长、抗病虫害的紫背天葵。1.2　试验地条件安排在云关乡红岩、油榨、二戈 3个村 ,每村…     

紫背天葵日光温室周年栽培技术

紫背天葵(Gynura bicolor D.C),又名血皮菜、观音菜、紫背菜、红风菜等,是菊科多年生宿根草本植物,原产中国南部,四川、台湾、海南等温暖湿润地区栽培较多.紫背天葵抗逆性强,耐旱耐热、耐荫、耐瘠薄,病虫害少,一般地块均能生长良好,在我国北方地区,利用日光温室可以很容易地实现周年生产供应.     

紫背天葵

紫背天葵,又名紫背菜、观音苋、红背菜、两色三七草、当归菜、红玉菜等,为菊科土三七属多年生草本植物.原产中国南部地区,在广东、福建、云南等温暖湿润地区栽培较多,华北地区引入栽培较好,以嫩梢和幼叶供食用.     

紫背菜综合开发利用现状

紫背菜是一种集营养保健价值与特殊风味为一体的高档蔬菜.它原产我国,四川、浙江、广东、广西、海南、福建、台湾等地均有野生或栽培种植,尤以四川、重庆一带广为栽培食用.其嫩茎叶供凉拌或炒食,有特殊清香风味.还可提取紫红色色素用于酸性食品中.现已开发研制出紫背菜蔬菜纸、紫背菜饮料、干制品及其它加工产品,其开发利用前景广阔.     

蔗糖对鼎湖山紫背天葵组培苗生长和花色素苷积累的影响

为了解决鼎湖山紫背天葵快繁体系中组培苗叶片褪红返绿的问题,以球茎芽丛为试验材料,采用蔗糖浓度筛选法对紫背天葵花色素苷的合成进行研究。结果表明,在基本培养基（MS＋NAA 0.3 mg/L＋IBA 0.2 mg/L＋卡拉胶 7.0 g/L）中,适当上调蔗糖浓度至45~60 g/L,有利于紫背天葵组培苗的健壮生长及花色素苷的积累,其相对含量达0.417 μmol/(g?FW)。但蔗糖浓度≥75 g/L时,则对组培苗的生长起明显的抑制作用。     

长江流域紫背天葵越冬栽培技术

紫背天葵为菊科三七属多年生宿根草本植物,茎和叶背为紫色,叶面为绿色,植株长势和分枝能力非常强,耐热、耐旱、耐瘠薄、耐弱光,适应环境能力强,以嫩茎叶为食,是我国目前最受欢迎的传统山野蔬菜之一,其人工种植面积在逐年扩大。紫背天葵不仅营养丰富,而且具有活血、止血、补血等功效,还有很好的降血糖、降血压、抗氧化、延缓衰老等作用。     

新营养健康资源:白背天葵的研究进展

本文介绍了白背天葵的基本概况,包括生物学特性、来源与分布、栽培种植技术,系统地综述了营养价值、活性物质组成及生物学功效,并从中医学理论对其药理作用进行了阐述。此外,全面分析了白背天葵的研发现状及存在的问题,并对其研究前景进行了相应的展望,以期为白背天葵的研发利用提供理论依据,为食品工业的发展提供新的动力。     

紫背天葵蔬菜纸加工工艺

介绍了以野菜紫背天葵为主要原料生产蔬菜纸的加工方法,着重描述了护色和黏结剂的使用条件,即黄原胶用量为0.4%或海藻酸钠0.6%,烘烤温度选用50℃,4～5 h成纸效果及口感最佳.     

笼养蛋鸡健康养殖技术研究的现状与发展趋势

蛋鸡笼养因其突出的优点必将仍是中国以及许多国家主要的养殖模式,笼养蛋鸡健康养殖是目前急需解决的问题.在对畜禽健康养殖发展的重要性和基本概念进行界定的基础上,从优良品种选育、饲养方式完善与替代、饲养环境优化、优质饲料生产与配制、动物疫病防控、健康养殖管理6个方面对国内外笼养蛋鸡健康养殖调控技术研究现状进行了综述,最后探索性地提出了中国笼养蛋鸡健康养殖技术研究的发展趋势.     

水稻镉积累与调控研究进展

镉通过水稻植株吸收进入食物链而危害人畜健康,水稻低镉累积研究已成为当今生态环境领域、水稻栽培与育种领域的重要课题。本文从水稻对镉的积累累积特性、镉的运转、稻田镉的控制及低镉低累积积累水稻品种的选育等方面,综述了镉在不同水稻品种类型、不同生育期及不同水稻器官间的积累累积规律,镉从土壤到籽粒的运转过程,主要控镉技术对水稻镉吸收的影响,以及低镉低累积积累水稻品种选育的研究进展。并从水稻镉代谢规律与遗传改良、土壤修复、良种良法等方面探讨水稻低镉低累积积累的研究方向。     

Breeding objectives and the relative importance of traits in plant and animal breeding: a comparative review

Breeding objectives always involve consideration of multiple traits, even in situations where output of a single trait is dominant. We review literature dealing with formal definition of breeding objectives. Involvement of farmers in the process of setting up breeding objectives is also considered. In the optimal selection index, the relative importance of a trait is scaled by its economic value, derived as marginal profit related to a change in expression of defined size. Normative approaches to derive economic values use partial derivatives of a profit equation with respect to the traits involved or model the bio-economic system with various techniques. The theory is well developed and includes consideration of non-linear profit functions and traits with an intermediate optimum. It is frequently applied in animal breeding. In dairy cattle breeding, a major change of focus from traits related to output (i.e., milk yield) to traits related to cost of input (health, fertility, feed efficiency) has taken place recently. Plant breeders find the concept of deriving relative economic weights of traits difficult to apply and often replace the optimal index by restricted or desired gains indices. A change of paradigms similar to that in cattle breeding seems advisable. Participatory approaches to evaluate the relative importance of traits are more frequently applied in plant breeding than in animal breeding. We review two studies, dealing with methods of acquiring information about selection criteria of farmers planting maize in the Ethiopian highlands and of pastoralists keeping cattle in Uganda, in detail.     

油菜种子中亚麻酸研究现状及改良思路

提高油菜种子（油）中亚麻酸含量对缓解目前亚麻酸资源日益紧缺的压力、提高国民健康水平均具有重要意义。本文从形成过程、含量差异、影响因素、杂种优势、遗传方式和控制基因等方面对油菜种子中亚麻酸研究现状进行了综述;在剖析油菜高亚麻酸育种的意义、可行性、难点的基础上,提出开展高亚麻酸种质资源创新利用,创建高亚麻酸育种体系,建立高效保优栽培技术体系,开展油菜籽加工技术和抗氧化研究,构建标准体系等5个方面促进油菜高亚麻酸产业发展的建议。     

Some remarks on carrot breeding (Daucus carota sativus Hoffm.)

Carrot breeding in the past 150 years has resulted in varieties with high yield, a short growing period, and excellent root colour. Recently, hybrid varieties have demonstrated good uniformity of roots, a quality accepted by most consumers. By contrast, only a few resistant varieties (mainly open-pollinated varieties) are offered by seed companies, most being resistant to Alternaria. Hybrid breeding offers a chance of combining good uniformity and different sources of resistance. Efforts in future breeding should concentrate on the improvement of health and the development of genotypes suitable for cultivation in suboptimal climates and regions, as well as for special applications.     

潮州产13种野菜中硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐的含量

根据潮州产13种野菜中硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐含量的测定结果,参考蔬菜中硝酸盐含量分级评价标准和我国的无公害蔬菜亚硝酸盐含量限量标准(≤4.0mgkg),对13种野菜的品质进行了评价。结果显示,菜、酢浆草、野茼蒿、黄鹌菜和腋花蓼硝酸盐含量低于轻度污染水平,亚硝酸盐含量低于我国制定的无公害蔬菜亚硝酸盐含量的限量标准(≤4.0mgkg),属于一级无公害野菜,可以安全食用;少花龙葵、马齿苋、鳢肠、叶下珠、铁苋菜、小藜和牛繁缕的硝酸盐含量高于432mgkg,而低于785mgkg,亚硝酸盐含量低于限量标准(≤4.0mgkg),属于二级野菜,不宜生食,煮熟和盐渍可安全食用;鼠曲草的硝酸盐含量高于785mgkg,低于1440mgkg,属于三级野菜,不可生食和盐渍,可熟食。     

Glucosinolate metabolism,functionality and breeding for the improvement of Brassicaceae vegetables

Unique secondary metabolites, glucosinolates (S-glucopyranosyl thiohydroximates), are naturally occurring S-linked glucosides found mainly in Brassicaceae plants. They are enzymatically hydrolyzed to produce sulfate ions, D-glucose, and characteristic degradation products such as isothiocyanates. The functions of glucosinolates in the plants remain unclear, but isothiocyanates possessing a pungent or irritating taste and odor might be associated with plant defense from microbes. Isothiocyanates have been studied extensively in experimental in vitro and in vivo carcinogenesis models for their cancer chemopreventive properties. The beneficial isothiocyanates, glucosinolates that are functional for supporting human health, have received attention from many scientists studying plant breeding, plant physiology, plant genetics, and food functionality. This review presents a summary of recent topics related with glucosinolates in the Brassica family, along with a summary of the chemicals, metabolism, and genes of glucosinolates in Brassicaceae. The bioavailabilities of isothiocyanates from certain functional glucosinolates and the importance of breeding will be described with emphasis on glucosinolates.     

森林养生旅游产品体系开发及构建研究

通过文献查阅整理和多年旅游策划的实践,发现森林环境养生优势明显,同时对养生旅游市场进行了分析,发现生态养生旅游具有3个特点,即普适性、高复游率和综合消费较大。文章对中国传统养生文化的内涵进行了挖掘,并将其与可持续发展、市场导向、体验化、个性化相结合,构建了新的森林养生旅游产品体系,共分3类：一为生产性旅游产品,如林下养殖基地、林下种植基地等;二为生活性旅游产品,如养生餐厅、树屋等;三是游憩性旅游产品,如大氧吧广场、野营地等。研究旨在为当前森林旅游及林下经济的发展提供参考,也为森林养生旅游项目的系统策划提供理论基础。