超高压纯水和磨料水射流下的大果紫檀工艺参数优化分析

以大果紫檀为例,对其超高压纯水射流和磨料射流切割加工工艺进行参数优化。采用正交试验法,考虑切割压力、靶距、进给速度等因素对试件表面粗糙度的影响;通过显微分析,选择纯水射流和磨料射流的最优方案。主要结论表明:各因素影响大小依次为水射流压力,进给速度和靶距;纯水射流冲蚀能力低,试件表面主要受射流反弹影响,使整体粗糙度偏大;水射流动能越大,试件上表面撕裂现象严重,底部易产生加工波纹,影响试件表面整体粗糙度;磨料水射流主要表现为波纹多,易降低试件表面完整性。欲提高大果紫檀加工品质,需通过改善工艺增加加工光滑区范围。上述有助于为超高压水射流技术更好地应用于珍贵木材加工提供参考。     

基于超高压水切割法的木制工艺品加工参数优选与分析

在我国木材加工领域,数控超高压水射流技术的应用尚处于起步阶段,多用于珍贵木材的切割。为优化水切割在木材加工领域中的应用,笔者将中密度纤维板和意杨实木作为试验材料,采用正交试验法,以调砂速度、气干密度、水切割压力、进给速度、靶距工艺参数作为对其加工表面粗糙度的影响因素。利用数控工作系统设计CAD图案后进行的水切割试验,并通过对试件表面粗糙度的测量和相关计算,得到各工艺参数影响显著度程度及其最优方案。该研究对花式木地板及其木刻、木结构室内装饰板、红木家具等木制工艺品的加工领域提供工艺参数优选,具有较高的应用价值和现实意义。     

数控超高压水切割机床的工件夹紧装置研究设计

基于提高超高压水射流切割机床加工木材和木质复合材料质量需要,依据动力学实验原理,以杉木为试件,采用动压力测试方法分别对杉木工件在自由状态下切割受力情况和对不同规格的杉木工件在自由状态与夹紧状态下的切割表面粗糙度进行了对比试验研究,并以此设计了与SQ-WJG40型高压水射流切割机床相配套的四气缸联动气压夹紧装置.     

铣刀前角和切削参数对中密度纤维板 表面粗糙度的影响

通过分析金刚石刀具前角和切削参数对中密度纤维板表面粗糙度的影响，结果表明：随着刀具前角的增大， 切削质量改善；而随着每齿进给量或铣削深度的增大，切削质量均变差；对加工表面粗糙度影响最大的是每齿进给 量，其次为铣削深度和刀具前角。在刀具前角12°，每齿进给量0.5 mm，铣削深度1 mm 的最优参数组合时，MDF 的平均表面粗糙度较低，为3.82 μm。     

木工圆锯片锯齿侧刃参数对锯切表面粗糙度的影响

【目的】分析锯齿侧刃参数对锯切表面粗糙度的影响,通过优化锯齿侧刃参数,解决圆锯锯切时进给速度提高与表面粗糙度增大之间的矛盾,为新型木工圆锯片设计提供参考和指导。【方法】提出微量零径向侧后角锯齿的概念,使用9种不同锯齿侧刃参数的圆锯片,以水曲柳和高密度纤维板为对象进行锯切试验,研究不同进给速度下径向侧后角和零径向侧后角段对锯切表面粗糙度的影响。【结果】随着进给速度增加,锯切表面粗糙度增大,径向侧后角减小,锯切表面粗糙度降低,无零径向侧后角段锯齿锯切形成的表面粗糙度均高于具有零径向侧后角段锯齿,特别是当零径向侧后角段由0 mm增加到0.5 mm时,锯切表面粗糙度下降最为明显。当零径向侧后角段大于0.5 mm时,侧刃的零径向侧后角段具有"以锯代刨"的作用,与零径向侧后角锯齿相比同样可起到改善锯切表面质量的作用。【结论】锯切表面粗糙度一定程度上取决于锯痕深度。在实际锯切过程中,仅有长度近似等于每齿进给量的锯齿侧刃部分参与切削,占侧刃总长度的很小一部分,微量零径向侧后角锯齿中零径向侧后角段长度比每齿进给量略大且越接近每齿进给量越理想。具有微量零径向侧后角段锯齿的圆锯片与零径向侧后角锯齿相比,同样可起到改善锯切表面质量的作用;在保持其他切削参数不变的情况下,微量零径向侧后角段锯齿还可以减小锯齿侧刃与锯路壁之间的摩擦。     

气鼓轮砂带砂光饰面中密度纤维板的磨削力与表面粗糙度

【目的】探究气鼓轮砂带砂光参数对磨削力的影响以及磨削力与砂光表面粗糙度的关系,为更好控制气鼓轮砂带砂光木(板)材的表面粗糙度提供理论参考。【方法】开展气鼓轮砂带砂光饰面中密度纤维板的单因素试验,运用流体腔理论建立气鼓轮砂带砂光饰面中密度纤维板的有限元模型,基于有限元模型和单因素试验,探究气鼓轮气压、进给量、轴平行度误差对磨削力和砂光表面粗糙度的影响,并分析磨削力与砂光表面粗糙度的关系。【结果】随着气鼓轮气压、进给量、轴平行度误差增加,试件总磨削力增大,但其引起总磨削力增大的原因不同;试件接触中心节点法向应力大小主要与气鼓轮气压有关;对应同一试件的中间区域(6～59 mm),气鼓轮气压组和进给量组试件的局部磨削力近似相等,轴平行度误差组试件的局部磨削力与位置近似线性相关;气鼓轮气压对试件磨削力和表面粗糙度影响较小,进给量可较明显改善试件表面粗糙度;试件表面粗糙度与局部磨削力的线性拟合相关系数R²为0.975,与总磨削力的线性拟合相关系数R²为0.871,表面粗糙度与局部磨削力的线性相关性更好。【结论】气鼓轮砂带砂光饰面中密度纤维板的有限元模型可...     

异形表面刷式砂光主要参数对木材表面粗糙度的影响

对红橡、樱桃木和樟子松三种木材,选取不同砂带长度,进行不同接触长度的砂光处理,测量砂光后试件表面的粗糙度.结果表明:不同砂带长度和接触长度对木材表面粗糙度的影响显著;对不同树种木材的影响亦不同.在接触长度15～20 mm、砂带长度100 mm的条件下,木材砂光表面粗糙度相对较小.     

螺旋铣削浸渍纸层压木质地板的表面粗糙度

采用正交试验研究螺旋角、进给速度和铣削深度对浸渍纸层压木质地板(强化木地板)表面粗糙度的影响。结果表明:地板表面粗糙度随着螺旋角的增大呈减小趋势,随着进给速度和铣削深度的增大呈增大趋势;各因素对地板表面粗糙度影响的顺序为:螺旋角铣削深度进给速度。综合考虑实际生产效率和切削质量,建议浸渍纸层压木质地板螺旋铣削的铣削参数为:螺旋角70°、进给速度60 m/min、铣削深度0.4 mm。     

仿古涂饰工艺对改性杨木漆膜表面粗糙度的影响

以试件轮廓算数平均值作为表面粗糙度的判别标准,采用格丽斯仿古涂饰工艺对改性杨木进行表面涂饰,分析涂饰工艺对改性杨木表面粗糙度的影响。结果表明:砂纸目数对改性杨木表面漆膜粗糙度影响最大,底漆喷涂道数影响最小。漆膜粗糙度优化工艺条件为底漆喷涂道数2道、砂纸目数240目、素材修色喷涂道数1道、表面修色道数1道。     

竹地板薄木贴面工艺试验

为了丰富竹地板的外观效果,扩大竹地板的种类,采用正交试验方法,探讨了竹地板表面进行0.6 mm榉木和2.0 mm枫木薄木贴面工艺。结果表明:利用榉木和枫木薄木贴面竹地板切实可行,其较佳工艺参数分别为:榉木热压压力0.8 MPa,热压温度100℃,热压时间240 s,涂胶量为120 g/m2;枫木热压压力1.2 MPa,热压温度120℃,热压时间360 s,涂胶量140 g/m2。     

超高压水射流切割木材的粗糙度分析

在我国木材加工领域,数控超高压水射流技术的应用尚处于起步阶段,多用于珍贵木材的切割。通过对3种地板生产常用热带木材的试验,分析木材气干密度、水切割压力、进料速度、石榴砂粒度和切削厚度等参数,对加工表面粗糙度的影响,为珍贵树种花式地板生产加工提供参考。     

Loss of hydraulic conductivity due to water stress in intact juveniles of Quercus rubra and Populus deltoides

Despite many studies of the percent loss of hydraulic conductivity in excised branches, there is doubt as to whether cutting stems in air introduces unnatural embolism into the xylem at the cut surface. To address this question, hydraulic conductivity was measured in seedlings of northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.) and rooted scions of eastern cottonwood (Populus deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh.) that had been droughted in pots. Results indicate that in situ dehydration produced a very similar vulnerability curve (% loss of conductivity versus water potential) to those previously obtained by bench-top dehydration of excised branches of eastern cottonwood and red oak. In eastern cottonwood cuttings, conductivity loss increased sharply below water potentials of -1.0 MPa, with 100% loss of conductivity occurring by -2.0 MPa, whereas conductivity loss in red oak seedlings was more gradual, i.e., increasing below -1.5 MPa and sustaining 100% loss of conductivity by about -4.0 MPa.     

木材切削表面粗糙度研究进展及测定方法探讨

木材切削表面粗糙度的影响因素很多且组成复杂,较难进行准确的测定评价。从木材切削表面粗糙度的影响因素、不同测试方法及现行测定评价标准三个方面,对木材切削表面粗糙度相关研究进行综述,基于现状提出了完善木材切削表面粗糙度测定评价方法的建议。     

Assessment of wood surface roughness: comparison of tactile roughness and three-dimensional parameters derived using a robust Gaussian regression filter

Japanese oak and Japanese beech were sanded by hand with abrasive papers of varying grit number. Two three-dimensional parameters selected to characterize their surface roughness – one parameter for the distribution of roughness-profile peaks and the other for the relative area of the roughness-profile peaks above the threshold height – were compared against tactile roughness. The parameters were obtained from roughness profiles as determined by a robust Gaussian regression filter (RGRF) using seven cutoffs. The RGRF filtering process was adjusted specifically for the evaluation of wood surface roughness. Except for a cutoff wavelength of 0.25mm, the RGRF lent itself well to the determination of roughness profiles. No distortion of roughness profiles occurred around deep valleys, and there was a good correlation between the parameters and tactile roughness.Part of this study was presented at the 2002 Kansai Branch Office lecture meeting of the Japan Society for Precision Engineering, Kyotanabe, August 2002     

Surveys of harvest technology of winter bamboo shoots

Winter bamboo shoots are widely used in Asian cuisine. We surveyed growth depth (tail depth and root depth), harvest speed, and harvest processes to provide information for developing new harvest technology. The tail depth of most winter bamboo shoots was 100 350 mm below the soil surface, and the root depth was 200 500 mm below the soil surface. Most winter bamboo shoots were difficult to locate with only the naked eye. The digging depth was 200 500 mm to cut winter bamboo shoots from the root. The highest harvest rate was 7.75 times faster than the slowest one and the average harvest speed ratio of men: women was about 1.71:1. The harvest process of winter bamboo shoots was divisible into three steps: searching, digging a hole (around the shoot) and cutting the root. The ratio of searching time to the sum of digging and cutting time was about 8:1, showing that searching required more time than digging and cutting together.     

径向竹丝帘复合胶合板研究

采用将竹材径向剖削为径向竹篾之后加工制造径向竹丝,再织成径向竹丝帘等方法,研制了径向竹丝帘复合胶合板。结果表明:径向竹丝帘复合胶合板的厚度偏差小,竹材利用率高;板材的较佳热压工艺参数为:热压温度140℃,热压压力3.5～4.0 MPa,热压时间80～100 s/mm。     

竹材表面热应变特性的研究

在竹胶合板生产中,由于多种因素的影响,竹材表面会产生一定的粗糙度,其中热应变是一个重要的因素。通过用“热进热出”工艺和“冷进冷出”工艺对竹材进行热压处理,并用表面粗糙度测试仪对竹材表面进行测量,发现竹材的表面粗糙度不仅与竹材本身构造有关,而且与其处理工艺有密切的关系。研究结果表明,用“冷进冷出”工艺处理的竹材表面的热应变比用“热进热出”工艺处理的竹材表面的热应变要小得多,因此,竹材表面的粗糙度也要小得多。     

Characteristics of sugar maple wood surfaces machined with the fixed-oblique knife pressure-bar cutting system

Oblique cutting differs from orthogonal cutting by an inclination given to the knife edge, which induces several changes on tool geometry, cutting forces, as well as on the quality of machined surfaces. In this work, a pressure bar was used during oblique cutting to reduce the occurrence of torn grain. The effects of cutting depth, rake angle, and oblique angle on cutting forces and surface quality were studied. Surface topography, cell damage and wetting properties were used to assess surface quality. All force components were increased by increasing cutting depth and decreasing rake and oblique angles. The lateral force, however, increased as the oblique angle increased. The surface roughness increased with increasing the lateral cutting force. Higher cutting depths and oblique angles tended to provide higher surface roughness, while higher rake angles tended to reduce surface roughness. The pressure bar was not always able to completely prevent the occurrence of defects when cutting against the grain. The occurrence of machining defects increased at higher cutting depths and oblique angles. As the rake angle decreased, the type of machining defect tended to change from torn grain to slight fuzzy grain. Moreover, the best wetting properties were obtained at lower rake angles, as they induced higher surface roughness. A 25° rake angle, a 30° oblique angle, and thinner cutting depths should be preferred to reduce dependence on ulterior sanding.     

几种竹材径向剖篾机型的分析比较

通过选用几种不同机型的竹材径向剖篾机,对竹材的不同切削形式、不同刀头结构,分步与同步剖篾方式,以及剖篾效率与竹篾质量等多方面进行分析比较,认为刨切式多刀分步径向剖篾机具有结构合理、剖篾效率高、径向竹篾厚度精度高、表面粗糙度小的优点,具有较好的推广应用前景。