八棱海棠种子解除休眠方法的研究

对八棱海棠种子分别进行赤霉素溶液浸泡处理、低温裸层积、低温层积以及赤霉素与低温层积结合等处理,而后进行发芽试验,统计分析发芽率、发芽势和发芽指数等指标.结果表明:赤霉素溶液浸泡不能完全打破种子休眠;低温层积是解除种子休眠的有效方法,层积80 d后,即可解除种子休眠;赤霉素溶液浸泡后,再低温层积可显著缩短层积时间.     

NaCl胁迫对构树种子发芽及幼苗生理生化指标的影响

研究了不同浓度NaCl(0,25,50,75,100,125 mmol/L)对构树种子发芽和幼苗生长及生理效应的影响.结果表明:低浓度(25 mmol/L)盐胁迫下,构树种子的发芽率比对照升高了7.7%,同时幼苗根长亦有显著增加,比对照高23%,苗高、发芽指数、活力指数虽有所下降但不显著;随着NaCl浓度的增大,构树种子的发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数均呈下降趋势,发芽后幼苗的根长、苗高、鲜质量等也呈下降趋势,幼苗生长被抑制.对幼苗的生理指标测定显示:细胞膜透性随着盐浓度的增加逐渐升高,细胞膜稳定性受到破坏;MDA含量、SOD、POD活性随盐浓度的增加呈现先升高后降低的趋势,膜透性和MDA含量与SOD活性呈极显著相关.     

NaCl胁迫对黄芪种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响

研究不同浓度NaCl的处理下,对黄芪种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响.结果表明：低浓度盐处理有利于促进种子萌发,对幼苗的生长也未表现出不利影响;随盐胁迫浓度的增大,黄芪种子发芽率、发芽指数、幼苗的生长在形态上都表现出盐害效应.     

四数九里香种子自然萌发和离体萌发条件筛选

为提高四数九里香种子萌发率,研究了最佳浓硫酸处理种子的时间及不同激素处理对四数九里香种子自然萌发的影响,以完整种子和带胚子叶作为外植体,研究不同质量浓度的6-BA、NAA、IBA、GA3对外植体生长的影响,及不同质量浓度活性炭对外植体褐化的影响。结果表明,浓硫酸最佳处理时间为1 min;用200×10-6的IBA处理过的种子发芽率最高,达50%;其次是50×10~(-6)和150×10~(-6)的NAA,其萌发率均为45%;外植体在添加2.5 mg/L 6-BA、0.2 mg/L IBA、0.1 mg/L GA3或0.2 mg/L NAA的培养基上诱导率较高,活性炭为1.5 g/L时外植体褐化程度最低;四数九里香胚培养的最佳培养基为添加2.5 mg/L 6-BA、0.1 mg/L GA3、0.2mg/L NAA和1.5 g/L活性炭的MS培养基。     

Target seed moisture content,chilling and priming pretreatments influence germination temperature response in Alnus glutinosa and Betula pubescens

Abstract

The response of common alder [Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn.] and downy birch (Betula pubescens Ehrh.) seeds to germination temperature was examined following chilling and priming. Seeds of two seed lots of each species were subjected to combinations of chilling (4±1°C) and priming (20°C) treatments in fully imbibed (FI) state or a lower target seed moisture content (TMC) level (30% and 35% in alder and birch, respectively). After treatment, the seeds were allowed to germinate for 56 days at constant temperatures of 7.5, 10, 15, 20, 25 or 30°C. The response to temperature and pretreatment differed between species, but the effect was consistent in each seed lot within each species. In alder, the TMC seeds germinated well across the full range of temperatures, whereas there was an optimum temperature (22–23°C) for seeds given the FI pretreatment. Priming had no significant effect on the germination response of the TMC seeds in alder, but priming greatly improved germination in the FI seeds, especially at the lower germination temperatures (optimum 18–19°C). In contrast, in birch, the TMC seeds germinated better across the full temperature range, but the optimal germination temperature (15°C) was the same for all seed pretreatments. Priming improved germination in both the FI and TMC seeds in birch.     

不同生长调节剂处理对三种绿肥种子发芽率的影响

研究赤霉素(GA3)、6-苄氨基嘌呤(6BA)、萘乙酸(NAA)、吲哚丁酸(IBA)四种植物生长调节剂,设不同溶液浓度、不同浸种时间处理对爪哇葛藤、无刺含羞草及羽叶决明种子发芽率的影响,结果表明:生长调节剂对促进种子发芽率有一定作用;不同生长调节剂对不同绿肥种子萌发的影响不尽相同,以GA3促萌发效果最好,以无刺含羞草受影响效果最显著;低生长调节剂浓度水平(15或25 mg/L)和浸种24 h或48 h是较佳的处理组合,而高浓度的生长调节剂对促进发芽率无影响或有抑制作用。     

不同药剂处理对闽楠种子萌发的影响

通过4种药剂浸种对闽楠(Phoebe bournei)种子进行发芽对比试验,结果表明:4种药剂浸种可以促使闽楠种子提前萌发,提高种子发芽势和发芽率;其中,萘乙酸(NAA)浸处理的种子发芽率、发芽势和发芽指数均高于其它处理,分别为93.33%、31.67%、2.59,其次为KH2PO4(83.33%、30.00%、2.39);萘乙酸和KH2PO4处理的胚根(均为4.3 cm)和胚芽(均为1.5 cm)长度最长,显著高于对照(胚根3.3 cm,胚芽1.1 cm)(P<0.05).研究表明萘乙酸和KH2PO4不仅能促进闽楠种子萌发,对闽楠芽苗的生长也有显著促进作用.     

Flower induction treatments have no effects on seed traits and transmission of alleles in Picea glauca

Flower induction methods-hormone application or exposure to physiological stress, or both-are used routinely for shortening breeding cycles and increasing seed production in white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss). The objectives of this study were: (1) to evaluate the effects of flower induction on seed yield and quality in white spruce; and (2) to determine if flower induction treatments affect the maternal contribution to offspring. We assessed the effects of flower induction treatments, which consisted of gibberellin A(4/7) (GA(4/7)) and naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) stem injections, on allele segregation for 28 clones, number of seeds per cone, number of sound seeds per cone, seed weight, and the germination rate of a subset of clones. Flower induction treatments did not affect any of the phenotypic traits examined. No increase in segregation distortion in allozyme loci following flower induction treatments was observed.     

The Effects of Seed Mass on Germination, Seedling Emergence, and Early Seedling Growth of Eastern White Pine (Pinus strobus L.)

Half-sib seed of several eastern white pine (Pinus strobus L.) families was used to examine seed mass effects on laboratory germination, and seedling emergence and growth under moderate and low light (47 and 13% full sunlight) in a greenhouse. Percent germination and speed of germination under laboratory conditions were not related to seed mass among half-sib families or multi-family seedlots bulked by seed mass. Percent seedling emergence in the greenhouse was not related to seed mass, but families with heavier seeds exhibited faster emergence. Both rate and percent emergence were significantly increased under low light. Family differences in leaf, stem, root, and total seedling dry mass, primary root length, and the number of first-order-lateral-roots were positively related to seed mass in both light environments. Low light diminished the absolute biomass increment per unit seed mass, but the proportional change in biomass with seed mass was similar between light environments. Rate of emergence also influenced seedling size within families, with earlier emergence increasing seedling dry mass from 7 to 58%, dependent on light environment. Biomass partitioning coefficients were influenced by light environment but largely independent of seed mass.     

Salinity effects and differential germination of several half-sib families of baldcypress from different seed sources

Saltwater intrusion is responsible for the destruction of large expanses of baldcypress swamps along the Gulf of Mexico in the southern United States. Recent restoration efforts have focused on the identification, and subsequent planting, of moderately salt-tolerant plant material within these ghost forests. The long-term persistence of cypress swamps in these areas, however, will ultimately depend on the germination of seeds from the improved parent trees. This study investigates the germination capacity of seeds collected from baldcypress parent trees, located in both freshwater and brackish water environments. Seeds were tested at four different salinity levels under controlled conditions for a period of 65 days. Mean germination under the 0, 2, 4, and 6 g l^-1 seawater treatments was 26.3, 22.9, 15.4, and 10.2%, respectively. Although none of the eight families used in this study had a germination greater than 50%, three families demonstrated superiority in their germination capacity under all four salinity treatments. In general, brackish water seed sources had greater germination success than the two families from freshwater sources. Results indicate that families previously identified as moderately salt-tolerant based on physiological and morphological parameters may be equally successful in seed germination capacity under moderately saline conditions.     

低温处理对缬草种子萌发与生理活性的影响

研究不同温度梯度(0℃、5℃和10℃)及不同处理时间(10d、20d和30d)对缬草种子萌发及过氧化物酶和淀粉酶活性的影响。结果表明:5℃30d条件下发芽率为39.7%,且种子中过氧化物酶和淀粉酶活性最高;0℃10d和0℃20d条件下发芽率仅分别为13.3%和19.3%,种子中过氧化物酶和淀粉酶酶相对较低。在同等低温条件下,种子的发芽率和发芽势随着处理时间的延长而增高,过氧化物酶和淀粉酶的活性也越高。低温处理能有效的提高缬草种子的发芽率和发芽势,不同处理会造成缬草种子发芽指标和酶活性的差异。     

银杏种子后熟生理与内源激素变化的研究

研究银杏种子后熟期间的生理变化以及内源激素对种子休眠与萌发过程的调控作用.结果表明:银杏种胚分化不完全、发育不充分是种子休眠的主要原因,银杏种子的后熟过程实质上是种胚不断分化生长的过程.在此过程中,物质代谢、酶活性的变化均有利于种胚发育和种子发芽,种子内部经历了一系列生理生化变化去调整内源激素平衡、完成种胚发育.研究发现,内源激素在银杏种子休眠与萌发过程中起着重要的作用:GA1 3是银杏种胚后熟的关键物质;ZRs对银杏种子生长起重要的促进作用;GA1 3/ABA及ZRs/ABA相对比例的变化对种子发育、胚的后熟及种子萌发均有重要的影响.     

果翅、盐分及干旱胁迫对白梭梭种子萌发的影响

从生态学角度研究了果翅、温度、盐分和干旱胁迫等因素对白梭梭种子萌发的影响,结果表明:去除种翅能显著促进种子萌发,无翅种子比有翅种子萌发速率快(P<0.05),提早1 d达最高萌发率。变温条件有利于种子萌发。白梭梭种了萌发率随着NaCl浓度增加而降低,但在0.9 mol.L-1的浓度中仍有2%的种子萌发;将未萌发的种子移至蒸馏水中后,部分种子可以萌发,在较低浓度盐溶液(0.05～0.6 mol.L-1)中培养的种子其萌发恢复率低,而高浓度(0.7～1.0 mol.L-1)中培养的种子其萌发恢复率高。在较低程度的干旱胁迫下,白梭梭种子迅速萌发,而较高程度的干旱胁迫下种子萌发受抑制,在PEG浓度50%时不萌发;同等干旱胁迫程度下,无翅种子比有翅种子萌发率高。     

外源海藻糖对盐胁迫下海滨锦葵种子萌发的影响

以耐盐经济植物海滨锦葵种子为材料,设置浓度为0（CK）、5、10、20、40 g/L NaCl和0（CK）、2、4、8、16 g/L海藻糖为处理液,研究不同浓度的NaCl和海藻糖及二者的交互作用对种子萌发特征的影响。结果表明：NaCl单独处理下,随着盐浓度的提高,显著降低了种子的萌发指标和幼苗鲜重,当盐浓度达到40 g/L时,种子无萌发。对盐处理下的种子施以海藻糖后,低浓度的海藻糖（2 g/L）就可以提高盐胁迫下的种子萌发特性,随着海藻糖浓度的增加,并没有明显提高盐胁迫下的种子萌发。施加一定的外源海藻糖可以提高盐胁迫下幼苗的鲜重,使幼苗更加适应盐胁迫的环境。     

基于不同激素组合的紫丁香成熟种子组培诱导研究

以紫丁香成熟种子为外植体,采用不同激素组合培养基进行组培诱导试验的结果表明:采用中间切割方式的种子萌发率较高,最高可达59.72%;NAA与BA组合诱导丁香种子效果较好,NAA0.1 mg/L+BA1.0 mg/L的诱导率可达88.89%,MS+BA3.0 mg/L为顶芽和带芽茎段的最适增殖继代培养基;茎芽在试管内、外生根时间分别为20天和4-6周,生根率均为100%,紫丁香成熟种子组织培养试验取得成功。     

药用植物母猪果种子发芽试验

药用植物母猪果种子外果皮较厚,进行种子繁殖时,剥去外果皮可以提高种子的发芽率.用赤霉素(GA3)和生根粉(ABT2)处理去外果皮的种子,可以迅速减少母猪果种子内含的抑制物质,打破种子休眠,使种子萌发.     

荻植株再生体系建立

以成熟种子为外植体建立了荻植株再生体系。荻成熟种子经20％“84”消毒液处理20min,接种于MS＋4％蔗糖（pH5．5）培养基中培养5d,萌发率为92％,褐化率为8％,污染率为0。萌发种子继代转入愈伤诱导培养基MS＋lmg／16-BA＋1mg／12,4-D＋0．5mg／lNAA＋4％蔗糖（pH5．5）,光照条件下愈伤组织诱导率为86％,黑暗条件下愈伤组织诱导率64％。荻愈伤组织在Ms＋1IYlg,L6-BA＋0．1mg／L2,4-D＋0．5mg／LNAA＋4％蔗糖（pH5．5）进行不定芽诱导,不定芽发生率为91％。无根丛生芽继代转入不定根诱导培养1／2MS＋0．25mg／LIBA＋0．25mg／LNAA＋4％蔗糖（pH5．5）,5天可见不定根形成,15天后不定根发生率为92％。研究还发现,荻种子萌发后可直接继代转入不定芽分化培养基形成健壮不定芽,不定芽诱导率为95％。     

聚乙二醇模拟干旱对三种木麻黄种子萌发的影响

为研究木麻黄Casuarinaceae.种子苗困难地造林,以木麻黄为试验材料,用不同渗透势浓度的聚乙二醇(PEG-6000)模拟干旱胁迫,探讨干旱胁迫对木麻黄种子发芽率、发芽势、胚轴和胚根长度及发芽指数、活力指数的影响。结果表明,不同浓度PEG胁迫处理均降低了种子的发芽率,延缓了木麻黄种子萌发进程;种子的发芽率、发芽指数和活力指数均随胁迫强度的增加呈明显下降趋势。当-1.20 MPa的PEG胁迫处理的种子在试验结束时仍未能萌发,表明-1.20 MPa是木麻黄种子萌发的临界水势。当PEG浓度为150 g/L时,三种木麻黄幼苗的胚根最长,且当PEG浓度为100 g/L时,三种木麻黄胚根长度长于对照组,但差异不显著,说明高于-0.40 MPa的水势有利于木麻黄种子胚根的生长。木麻黄幼苗苗高生长则是随着PEG浓度的升高而逐渐减缓。通过比较得知木麻黄种子抗旱性较强。     

不同引发处理对了哥王种子萌发的影响

以了哥王种子为材料,通过比较不同浓度的GA3、PEG、NaCl、复合盐KNO3·KH2PO4预浸种处理后种子发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数等指标,研究不同引发剂对了哥王种子萌发的影响,结果表明：4种引发剂浸种处理均显著促进了哥王种子的萌发及幼苗生长,各指标提高效果均以GA3处理最好,PEG次之,再之为复合盐KNO3·KH2PO4, NaCl引发效果较差,并且随着引发剂浓度的升高呈先升高后降低的趋势。     

油松种胚休眠特性及解除胚休眠的方法

对油松种子的离体胚进行培养试验.结果表明:油松种胚具有休眠特性,种子属于中度休眠特性的种子,且不同种粒之间休眠深浅有差异;赤霉素对解除油松种胚休眠也有一定作用,但效果不及低温层积处理,经过低温层积的种子没必要再用赤霉素来解除胚休眠.低温层积简便、成本低,是油松种子播前预处理的最好方法之一.