浙江森林生物多样性现状与保护对策

生物多样性是人类社会赖以生存和发展的基础，保护生物多样性是人类社会可持续发展的重要条件。本文在分析了浙江省森林多样性现状的基础上，讨论了浙江省森林生物多样性及自然保护区保护存在的问题，并提出了相应的保护对策。     

自然保护区发展现状、问题及对策研究

自然资源和生物多样性是人类赖以生存,促进和谐社会发展的最基本的物质条件,在保护自然资源及生物多样性的途径方面,除了易地保护和离体遗传种质保护外,更主要的是就地保护,即建立自然保护区。近些年来,随着全球生物多样性保护的兴起和人类环     

福建省生物多样性与自然保护区

生物多样性是人类社会赖以生存和发展的基础,自然保护区建设是保护生物多样性的最有效途径.本文在叙述福建省生物多样性和自然保护区现状的基础上,分析了福建省自然保护区对生物多样性的贡献.     

四川及成都地区的植物多样性

前言生物多样性是人类赖以生存和发展的基础。保护和保持生态系统中物种的多样性,特别是植物种类的多样性,将有助于生态系统的平衡。近年,城市园林绿化的迅速发展为城市这一特殊环境中生物多样性的保护和发展提供了空间和条件。保护城市生物多样性将促进生物遗传基因的...     

不同尺度生物多样性监测研究进展

生物多样性是人类赖以生存和发展的物质基础和环境保障, 构建合理有效的生物多样性监测指标体系是实现科学保护生物多样性的基础。文中从全球、地区/国家、生态系统3个尺度对国际上生物多样性监测指标体系研究的最新进展进行了回顾, 评述各尺度生物多样性保护监测指标体系的优缺点, 提出了在生态系统尺度上建立森林生物多样性保护监测指标体系的必要性。     

中山市绿地系统生物多样性保护

人们日益认识到:保护人类赖以生存的环境是当代人类社会所面临的一个战略性任务。生物多样性保护是保护人类赖以生存的环境最主要的任务之一,也是实施可持续发展战略的重要任务。1992年6月在巴西里约热内卢召开的联合国环境与发展大会,通过了贯彻可持续发展战略的《21世纪议程》,签署了《生物多样性公约》。这是人类环境意识的觉醒。     

万物共生 和谐美丽

正地球是人类共同生活和守护的家园,生物多样性是人类赖以生存和发展的基础,是地球生命共同体的血脉和根基。我国幅员辽阔,陆海兼备,地貌和气候复杂多样,孕育了丰富而又独特的生态系统、物种和遗传多样性,是世界上生物多样性最丰富的国家之一。作为最早签署和批准《生物多样性公约》的缔约方之一,中国一贯高度重视生物多样性保护,不断推进生物多样性保护与时俱进、创新发展,取得显著成效,走出了一条中国特色生物多样性保护之路。     

保护生物多样性,改善生态环境

保护人类赖以生存的生态环境,建设美好家园,已成为21世纪人们生活的主旋律。野生动植物是生态系统的重要组成部分,是生物多样性的具体体现,维护着生态系统的稳定和平衡。通过对大兴安岭林区生物多样性保护现状与存在问题的分析,提出生物多样性保护措施。     

保护生物多样性,改善生态环境

保护人类赖以生存的生态环境,建设美好家园,已成为21世纪人们生活的主旋律。野生动植物是生态系统的重要组成部分,是生物多样性的具体体现,维护着生态系统的稳定和平衡。文章通过对大兴安岭林区生物多样性保护现状与存在问题的分析,提出生物多样性保护措施。     

生物多样性保护重任在肩

5月22日,国际生物多样性保护日。笔者走访了北京林业大学校长尹伟伦教授,请他就生物多样性保护与利用的话题发表看法。他从多个角度论述了生物多样性的重要性,提出了许多新的见解,并展望了生物多样性保护的前景。林业生产离不开生物多样性他指出,生物多样性是人类赖以生存的基础。正是地球上的物种多样性、生物遗传多样性、自然生态系统多样性、自然景观多样性构成了丰富多彩的自然界,我们人类才有了充裕的物质条件和稳定的生存环境。这位林业专家认为,生物多样性是实现林业良种战略、生物节水战略、能源替代战略的物质基础。实现林业良种战…     

生物多样性保护与森林病虫害的综合管理

近年来生物多样性的保护越来越受到社会各方面的重视,由此,生物多样性保护与病虫害综合管理之间的关系也引起了广大森保工作者的关注,本文讨论了二者的关系,并建议加强这方面的研究,特别是对通常认为对环境安全的生物防治,有必要从生物多样性保护的角度进行进一步深入的研究。     

The role of biodiversity in Asian forests

Biodiversity in Asia is reviewed here from both scientific and socio-economic perspectives. Biodiversity in Asia has been very high, for historical and climatic reasons; however, this situation has been changing rapidly, due to population growth and economic development. The forest biodiversity in this region has both global and local value, yet it is seriously threatened. As natural capital, biodiversity functions in a variety of ways: production and regulation functions have global value, while habitat and information functions have social and cultural value, as well as local importance. Sustainable forest management is dependent on the regulatory functions of the ecosystem and biodiversity. Sometimes the functions of forests or biodiversity make conflict. Moreover, biodiversity has an information function related to sustainability via local knowledge and culture. Levin’s (1999) proposals are helpful as a conceptual framework for developing sustainable management for Asian forests.     

中国地方层面生物多样性参与式保护机制和方法构想

随着生态环境的日益恶化,生物多样性保护越来越受到国家的重视,但在地方层面,由于地方政府过度关注经济发展,生物多样性保护还没有受到足够的重视.文章以四川省盐边县、云南省金平县作为研究构想地,分析了两地生物多样性现状及保护存在的问题,提出了地方层面生物多样性保护的机制和方法构想,其主要内容包括生物多样性保护工具包、培训体系、跨部门多利益合作机制以及信息交流平台.     

壶瓶山生物多样性面临的威胁因素分析及保护对策

在全球环境基金(GEF)组织的资助下,2003年8月~2004年10月,对湖南省壶瓶山自然保护区社会经济和生物资源本底进行了调查。研究结果表明:壶瓶山自然保护区具有丰富的物种多样性、生态系统多样性和景观多样性,同时也面临着一些威胁和限制因素。为加强生物多样性的保护,2005年1月~2007年12月,又对该保护区内的重点保护物种、林火隐患、薪材需求、林木采伐、生态旅游、采矿、猎捕、放牧及道路建设等方面进行了监测,并运用逻辑分析法和对比分析法,对当前生物多样性保护仍面临的主要威胁与限制因素进行了探讨,并在此基础上提出了相应对策。     

生物多样性的形成、维持机制及其宏观研究方法

关于生物多样性的形成与维持机制 ,虽有众多假说 ,但均未形成完善的理论体系。不同的学者从不同的角度出发 ,研究了诸多生态因子与生物多样性的关系 ,得出了许多结论、导出了不少争议。本文主要简述了生物因子 (如生产力、生物量、种间关系、土壤微生物 )和非生物因子 (干扰与空间异质性、气候、土壤因子等 )与生物多样性之间的相互作用机理、人类活动对生物多样性的影响 ,以及在生物多样性影响机制研究中所用的 3S技术与数学方法。总之 ,我们应坚持综合作用的观念 ,从不同的时间和空间尺度、在不同的对象层次上 ,全面、深入地研究各类生物和非生物因子与生物多样性之间的相互作用机理 ,才能得出关于生物多样性的形成与维持机制的全面、完善的理论     

天然气管道工程对云南乌蒙山国家级自然保护区生物多样性的影响评价

为准确评价天然气输送管道工程建设对乌蒙山国家级自然保护区生物多样性造成的影响程度及其可控性,全面调查评价区域的生物多样性现状。文中重点阐述了建设项目对评价区景观(生态系统)、生物群落(栖息地)、物种(种群)、主要保护对象和生物安全的影响评价。评价结果认为,拟建的天然气输送管道项目对保护区生物多样性的影响程度为"较小影响",并针对项目建设实际提出进一步优化施工方案,加强对施工人员的生物多样性保护意识培训,聘请生态监理,施工结束后恢复当地原有森林植被等建议。     

Is tree diversity an important driver for phosphorus and nitrogen acquisition of a young tropical plantation?

Many tropical plantations in Central America are monocultures of fast growing, mostly exotic species such as a teak, eucalypts and pines. This has been perceived as a problem for ecosystem stability, pest control, local biodiversity and long-term nutrient availability. In our study, we followed the effects of increasing tree diversity (1, 3 and 6 native species) on aboveground nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) pools in a young experimental biodiversity plantation (central Panama) over two subsequent years. Our results show a positive but not consistent net effect of biodiversity on the N and P pools, mainly explained by the complementarity effect. N and P use efficiencies strongly varied among the investigated tree species and the species richness gradient. Anacardium excelsum and Luehea seemannii were associated with higher N and P use efficiencies while Hura crepitans and Tabebuia rosea were less efficient in aboveground biomass production per unit N or P. Tree species tended to have lower P use efficiencies in the intermediate diversity level compared to monocultures and six-species mixtures. Although the environmental conditions explained a large part of the variation in the N and P pools (58%) in our experiment, we argue that incorporating tree mixtures in the management can bring additional benefits and improve tree growth and nutrient uptake as compared to the monocultures.     

Sustainability and Biodiversity

Abstract

The implementation of the Rio protocol and the preservation of biodiversity at the national and regional levels is an important step in achieving sustainable forestry. This is indeed a challenging task since our knowledge of the ecology and habitat demands for but a few species is severely restricted. Research in the last years shows that forest species have very different qualitative and spatial demands on their environment, which require complex and broad solutions. This poses a great problem for conservation and often forces societies/decision-makers to make decisions based on assumptions rather than on empirical data. With assumptions follow uncertainty, a factor that is necessary to control. We identify and discuss the uncertainties of steps that are considered to be important for preserving biodiversity on a regional level and exemplify this with cases from southern Sweden. We argue that there is no universal solution for the conservation of biodiversity. In strongly fragmented and transformed regions like southern Sweden, a mix of species approaches and ecosystem approaches is necessary for biodiversity conservation. Programs for preserving biodiversity should be flexible, not rigid, allowing for modifications due to a constantly increasing body of knowledge and environmental changes. Prominent gaps in our knowledge include species dispersal ability and propensity, extinction rates and the species dependence on fragmentation and landscape history. It is possible that the question of responsibility species (a species for which a region has an explicit conservational responsibility) may gain in importance, an issue with far-reaching implications for economy and inter-regional compensatory systems.     

梅里雪山国家公园生物多样性保护规划方法研究

滇西北是中国生物多样性最丰富的地区之一,自2004起,有关部门就开始运用国家公园管理模式对该地区生物多样性进行保护.文章以梅里雪山国家公园为研究对象,对其生物多样性保护的规划方法进行研究.认为保护行动规划方法中的保护对象的确定、威胁因子的分析、制定并实施保护策略、成效评估4个关键步骤是实现国家公园生物多样性保护的有效逻辑方法.     

Managing disturbance regimes to maintain biological diversity in forested ecosystems of the Pacific Northwest

Managing for biodiversity in Pacific Northwest forest ecosystems requires a means to predict the interactive effects of natural, introduced, and altered disturbance regimes. Although disturbances are known to be a determinant of patterns of biological diversity, disturbance and diversity principles have not been consistently applied in management of forest ecosystems in the Pacific Northwest. Here we review disturbance and diversity theory and develop a synthetic conceptual model for use in predicting the effects of disturbances of any origin on biodiversity, focusing on the Pacific Northwest. Disturbance principles have traditionally been applied to understanding patterns of species diversity, but they can also be applied to understanding the broader concept of biodiversity. Our conceptual model integrates these principles, illustrating relationships among mechanisms that limit species diversity and those that enhance it. Diversity-limiting factors are: environmental stress due to high levels of disturbance relative to productivity, and competitive exclusion that can arise where disturbance has been suppressed or managed to favor a particular species’ dominance. Conversely, biological diversity will be enhanced by disturbances that are not too frequent to be stressful, and that create functional heterogeneity (spatial and temporal variation in habitat structure and biological legacies that are vital for post-disturbance reproduction and growth). The three disturbance-related mechanisms that determine diversity operate over local to landscape spatial scales and ecological time scales and thus can be readily influenced by management. By comprehensively evaluating existing disturbance regimes and how they are influencing these factors, managers can help maintain or restore the ecological foundation for biodiversity. We describe management approaches to improve this foundation focusing on forests managed for multiple goals in the Pacific Northwest, where there is considerable potential for and interest in maintaining and enhancing biodiversity.