不同植物生长调节剂对'阳光玫瑰'果实品质的影响

以五年生葡萄品种‘阳光玫瑰’为试材,采用赤霉素（GA₃）和氯吡脲（CPPU）搭配不同植物生长刺激物复合施用,研究了不同浓度处理对‘阳光玫瑰’果实品质的影响,以期筛选出适合‘阳光玫瑰’使用的植物生长调节剂组合配方。结果表明：GA₃ 25 mg·L^-1+CPPU 2.5 mg·L^-1处理可明显提高果实香味;GA₃ 25 mg·L^-1+CPPU 5.0 mg·L^-1处理果实无核率达到90%,显著提高果实的可溶性固形物及还原糖含量,但同时也伴随着果实空心现象增多;GA₃ 25 mg·L^-1+CPPU 5.0 mg·L^-1+壳寡糖800倍处理的果实无核化效果最好,并且空心率也较低。综合各指标,GA₃ 25 mg·L^-1+CPPU 5.0 mg·L^-1+壳寡糖800倍处理效果最好。     

喷施GA3和2,4-D对留树保鲜脐橙落果和内源激素含量的影响

 以纽荷尔脐橙（Newhall Navel Orange）为试材,测定喷施GA₃和2,4-D的植株留树保鲜果实的落果率和果实内源赤霉素（GA）、生长素（IAA）、玉米素核苷（ZR）、脱落酸（ABA）含量的变化,探讨内源激素与留树保鲜脐橙落果的关系。结果表明：植物生长调节剂处理能降低果实内源GA、IAA、ZR含量下降的速度,减缓内源ABA及ABA/（GA + IAA + ZR）的升高,减少留树保鲜过程中的落果,其中以20 mg · L^-1 GA₃ + 20 mg · L^-1 2,4-D混合处理的效果最好,且留树保鲜应以60 d左右为宜。初步分析认为内源GA、IAA、ZR含量的下降,内源ABA及ABA/（GA + IAA + ZR）的升高加速了果实离层的产生,共同促进了留树保鲜脐橙果实的衰老脱落。     

“阳光玫瑰”葡萄在吐鲁番地区的栽培特性

以吐鲁番地区引种的“阳光玫瑰”葡萄为试材，采用田间试验结合实验室分析的方法，研究了“阳光玫瑰”葡萄在吐鲁番地区的栽培适应性与赤霉酸（GA₃）、氯吡脲（CPPU）和链霉素（SM）组合处理对设施栽培条件下“阳光玫瑰”葡萄无核化及果实品质的影响，以期为“阳光玫瑰”葡萄在该地区的优质栽培提供参考依据。结果表明：“阳光玫瑰”葡萄在吐鲁番地区生长势强，丰产性好，抗白粉病，露地栽培品质不佳，设施栽培综合品质较高。GA₃+CPPU+SM组合处理无核化效果优于GA₃+CPPU组合处理，且随着GA₃浓度的增大无核化效果越好，但僵果率也随之增加，当GA₃浓度为15 mg·L^-1时，僵果率达27.75%,果粒质量减小，果实发育受限；10 mg·L^-1 GA₃+2.5 mg·L^-1 CPPU+200 mg·L^-1 SM处理的果穗质量、果粒质量、鲜果硬度均较大，果实颜色亮绿，口感甜、香味浓郁且肉脆...     

‘黄金梨’缺铁黄化叶片受GA3诱导复绿的机理研究

以‘黄金梨’缺铁黄化植株与正常植株为试材,于生长期黄化植株叶面喷施50、100、200和400 mg·L^-1 GA₃溶液,测定叶片中Fe、GA₃、GA₄、IAA和JA含量,对叶绿体进行了电镜显微结构观察,并运用荧光定量PCR技术分析了Fe代谢与GA信号转导相关基因的表达量。结果表明,外源GA₃处理后9 d,黄化叶均有不同程度复绿,叶脉复绿明显,叶身部分复绿,其中400 mg·L^-1 GA₃处理后12 d黄化叶复绿最明显。处理后9和12 d缺铁黄化叶片Fe含量显著高于清水处理对照。外源GA₃能诱导黄化叶片内FER1、FER2、FER3、FRO2、IRT1和FD1的表达,其中12 d各处理FER2和IRT1基因的表达量分别是对照10倍和40倍以上,说明外源GA₃促进了叶片内铁的贮藏、还原与转运相关基因的表达。外源GA₃处理显著提高了叶片中内源GA₃和GA₄含量,迅速诱导GID11和GID13基因的表达,其中50 mg·L^-1 GA₃处理,GID11表达量在3 d是对照的76.45倍。400 mg·L^-1 GA₃处理后12 d的叶片类囊体基粒片层较黄化叶片清晰,断裂片层少。试验结果初步揭示了GA₃诱导‘黄金梨’黄化叶复绿的机理。     

外施GA3对台农17号菠萝果实品质及内源激素的影响

为探究采前外施不同浓度GA₃对台农17号菠萝采后果实品质及内源激素含量变化的影响，共设置4个GA₃浓度处理，分别为50、100、150、200 mg/kg，以清水处理为对照(CK)。结果表明：150、200 mg/kg GA₃处理可增大果实体积、提高果实重量，100、150 mg/kg GA₃处理可增加果实甜度，其中100 mg/kg GA₃处理果实总糖含量最高；而150、200 mg/kg GA₃处理可降低果实可滴定酸含量、增大果实p H值，同时高浓度GA₃可提高果实糖酸比，从而影响果实的口感与风味；100 mg/kg GA₃处理还可提高果实维生素C含量，当GA₃处理浓度高于100mg/kg时反而降低了果实维生素C含量。此外，不同浓度GA₃处理对果实内源激素含量的影响较大，经GA₃处理后可增加果实内源GA₃含量，也可提高果实...     

外源赤霉素处理对采后香蕉生理生化的影响

为了延缓香蕉腐败变质，以采后香蕉果实为试材，采用50 mg/L赤霉素(GA₃)溶液浸泡处理，以蒸馏水浸泡为对照，相同条件下贮藏，研究贮藏期间GA₃对果实硬度、色差、褐变面积，可溶性固形物、抗坏血酸、丙二醛含量，相对电导率，多酚氧化酶、过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶以及抗坏血酸过氧化物酶活性的影响。结果表明，GA₃有效地延缓香蕉果实褐变，保持果实硬度和色泽，抑制可溶性固形物和抗坏血酸含量减少，多酚氧化酶和过氧化物酶活性较对照(蒸馏水)分别降低49.98%和35.70%,过氧化氢酶和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶活性较对照(蒸馏水)分别提高43.37%和38.41%,显著抑制电导率上升和丙二醛积累，维持果皮细胞膜结构和功能。说明GA₃可有效延缓香蕉衰老进程，保持果实品质，延长果实贮藏期。     

GA3、MeJA处理对白菜幼苗生长与生理指标的影响

为探究GA₃、MeJA处理对白菜幼苗生长及生理指标的影响,以刺毛白菜春秋金冠、CR春泰和无刺毛白菜夏美白菜、潮州快大夏皇白叶片为试材,分别喷施质量浓度30、60、90 mg·L^-1的GA₃、MeJA处理生长15 d的幼苗,以清水为对照,每4 d喷施1次,共5次,20 d后取叶片进行生长、生理指标测定和刺毛数量显微镜观察。结果表明,90 mg·L^-1的GA₃处理增加了白菜植株株高和单株质量,除潮州快大夏皇白品种外,90 mg·L^-1MeJA处理降低了白菜株高和单株质量;60、90 mg·L^-1 GA₃与30、60、90 mg·L^-1MeJA处理增加了白菜叶面刺毛数量;30 mg·L^-1GA₃与MeJA处理均增加了叶绿素、可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量,但降低了维生素C含量。综上,高质量浓度GA₃ (90 mg·L^-1     

采前化学处理对欧洲甜樱桃果实成熟期和品质影响

采前对欧洲甜樱桃的三个品种：红灯、大紫和水晶喷布Ｂ９、乙烯利、氯化钙和氯化钙＋ＩＡＡ；结果表明，单喷Ｂ９，乙烯利都可使果实成熟提前，且果实圆正，色泽鲜艳，单果重增加；在所有钙处理中，果实含糖量均有提高。     

怎样使苹果增色

1激素增色法①喷施乙烯利。在苹果正常采收前10~30天,喷施750~1000倍液的乙烯利溶液,并加入40~60毫克/升的萘乙酸钠,既可防止采前落果,同时药后全红或半红果可达80%~90%,而且提高含糖量。但应注意只能喷施健壮树,同时使果面充分着药。②喷施稀土。在果实膨大期和着色期喷2次500~600毫克/升的稀土溶液。③喷布比久(B9)。于采果前45~60天喷1次1000倍的比久溶液。2叶面喷肥在果实生长的中后期,喷施2~3次0.3%~0.4%的磷酸二氢钾溶液,间隔10~15天喷1次,能明显促进果实着色;另外,在着色前和着色期喷施2~3次叶面宝、喷施宝、美果露、惠满丰等叶面肥…     

赤霉素对铅胁迫下薏苡萌发及幼苗生长的缓解效应

以薏苡为试验材料，采用种子发芽试验方法，研究了外源赤霉素(GA₃)对铅胁迫缓解效应的影响，以期为薏苡种植过程中预防铅毒害提供参考依据。结果表明：中低浓度(25、50、100 mg·L^-1)的GA₃能够促进薏苡种子萌发和幼苗生长。低浓度(25 mg·L^-1)GA₃处理对铅胁迫下光合色素含量的抑制并无明显影响。50、100 mg·L^-1 GA₃可明显提高叶绿素a/b和类胡萝卜素含量，缓解铅胁迫对植株光合作用的伤害。100 mg·L^-1 GA₃可提高超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和过氧化物酶(POD)活性，降低丙二醛(MDA)、相对电导率、脯氨酸和可溶性糖含量，通过降低膜脂过氧化水平以维持细胞膜的正常功能，从而缓解铅对薏苡植株的毒害作用。但是高浓度的GA₃对铅胁迫的缓解效应很小。     

杧果采前喷施茉莉酸甲酯对其抗病性和采后品质的影响

 以‘台农1号’杧果（Mangifera indica L.‘Tainong 1’）为试材,研究了采前喷施茉莉酸甲酯（MeJA）处理对杧果抗病性和采后品质的影响及其相关机理。结果表明,与对照果实相比,50 μmol · L^-1 MeJA采前处理显著降低了采收时的病果率和贮藏期的病情指数,抑制了接种炭疽病菌果实的病斑直径;有利于杧果贮藏品质的保持,提高了果肉中维生素C含量,延缓了可溶性糖含量的升高和可滴定酸含量的降低;同时,采前MeJA处理可以提高杧果果皮中苯丙氨酸解氨酶（PAL）、过氧化物酶（POD）、多酚氧化酶（PPO）和β–1,3–葡聚糖酶（GLU）等防御酶的活性,提高贮藏早期的过氧化氢（H₂O₂）水平,抑制贮藏后期H₂O₂和MDA含量的积累。这些结果表明,采前MeJA处理提高杧果抗病性和保持果实品质与激活杧果的防御系统及降低膜脂过氧化程度有关。     

Effects of applications of plant growth regulators to papaya on the output and proteolytic activity of latex tapped from immature fruits

SUMMARY

Pistillate seedling plants of the local cultivar of papaya ‘Deshi’, transplanted 40 d after sowing, were sprayed with aqueous solutions of IBA (25 and 50 _ppm), GA₃ (100 and 200 _ppm), kinetin (50 and 100 _ppm), BA (25 and 50 _ppm), ethephon (100 and 200 ppm) or with water (control) 100 d after transplanting, when the experimental fruits borne by them were 15 d old. Latex was collected from the fruits when they were 90-95 d old and continued on four occasions, at 7 d intervals. Highly significant increases in yield and in protease activity of the latex over the control was obtained by application of ethephon. IBA and GA, also increased latex production, but spraying the plants with kinetin or BA solutions gave no clear results     

Fruit cracking in Cereus peruvianus,a new cactus crop

Summary

Fruit of Cereus peruvianus (L.) Miller, a newly developed cactus crop, is subject to cracking. Fruit growth follows a double sigmoid curve, with a significant size increase in the first and third stages and moderate increase in the middle stage. Peel and seed grow in the first two stages, while pulp growth and maturation (e.g. peel colour change and stretching, sugar accumulation, fruit softening) occur in the final stage. Sensitive, moderately sensitive, and tolerant clones are subject to 100, 50–60 and 6–9% cracking, respectively, correlated to relative growth rate of the pulp in the third stage. Fruit cracking, lengthwise splitting of the peel, and exposure of the pulp occurred in fully mature fruits towards the end of their growth. Continuous monitoring of fruit growth revealed expansion and cracking during the day and shrinkage during the night, as expected for CAM plants. Cracking was not correlated with the threshold cracking turgor, which declined during ripening in all clones. GA₃ sprays during colour break reduced cracking in the two most susceptible clones to 20% and 60%, while paclobutrazol increased cracking. Cracking rates were the same in two ecozones differing in salinity, temperatures and relative humidity. It is suggested that breeding and hormone treatments could reduce cracking significantly.     

早熟抗裂抗缩果病枣新品种‘紫玲’

 ‘紫玲’是从河北省广宗县‘圆铃枣’实生后代中选育出的新品种。果个较大，圆形或长圆形，果皮紫红色。平均单果质量17.3 g，可食率97.0%，制干率64.0%，干枣含糖量77.5%。果实发育期85 d，极抗裂果，无缩果病，丰产稳产，盛果期平均株产33.0 kg，为优良的制干品种。     

ABA 及其合成抑制剂钨酸钠处理对平榛胚珠发育的影响

 研究了平榛（Corylus heterophylla Fisch）正常胚珠与败育胚珠在果实发育期间4 种植物内源 激素的变化动态,并使用ABA 与其合成抑制剂钨酸钠对果序进行喷施处理,研究其对胚珠发育的影响。 结果表明：（1）在正常充实胚珠中,IAA、GA₃ 与ZR 含量均大致呈单峰曲线,峰值分别出现在花后80、 90 和100 d,同期相比,败育胚珠中IAA、GA₃ 多数低于前者,而ZR 含量多数高于前者;花后80 ~ 110 d 是胚珠快速生长期,在此期间,正常发育胚珠中ABA 的含量显著高于败育胚珠;（2）与对照相比,50.0 和20.0 mg · L^-1 的ABA 处理不同程度的提高了果实种仁质量、果壳质量及果实总质量等,而ABA 合成抑 制剂钨酸钠处理效果与ABA 相反,表明ABA 参与调控了榛子胚珠充实发育的进程。     

Influence of growth regulators on setting,retention and weight of fruits in two cultivars of litchi

Investigations were undertaken to explore the possibility of improving setting, retention and weight of fruits in ‘Early Seedless’ and ‘Calcuttia’ cultivars of lichi (Litchi chinensis) by means of growth regulators. Indole acetic acid (IAA) at 20, 40 and 80 mg l^?1, 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D) at 2,4 and 8 mg l^?1 and gibberellic acid (GA₃) at 50, 100 and 150 mg l^?1 were sprayed on panicles in the first fortnight of April, when 50–100% flowers had opened. All 3 growth regulators caused a favourable effect on fruit setting, fruit retention and weight of individual fruits, but IAA at 20 mg l^?1 proved the best for enhancing setting, GA₃ at 50 mg l^?1 for increasing retention and GA₃ at 100 mg l^?1 for improving fruit weight. IAA and GA₃ should, therefore, be used in combination. Between the 2 cultivars tested, ‘Calcuttia’ proved superior to ‘Early Seedless’ in fruit setting, fruit retention and weight of individual fruits.     

Gibberellic acid as an androecide for bell pepper

Gibberellic acid (GA₃, 10000 mg 1^?1) acted as an androecide for bell pepper, Capsicum annuum L., when sprayed at the onset of flowering and after an interval of 10 days. Parthenocarpic fruits were produced, but seeds could be obtained by hand-pollination. The technique can be used to produce hybrid seed and also to obtain high quality seedless fruits.     

铅镉复合胁迫下莲藕对铅镉的富集及其生理变化

 通过盆栽试验,研究了100 mg · kg^-1 Pb轻度污染 + 0.2 mg · kg^-1 Cd轻度污染、500 mg · kg^-1 Pb重度污染 + 0.2 mg · kg^-1 Cd轻度污染、100 mg · kg^-1 Pb轻度污染 + 1.0 mg · kg^-1Cd重度污染、500 mg · kg^-1 Pb重度污染 + 1.0 mg · kg^-1 Cd重度污染、0 + 0（对照）等5个浓度梯度Pb、Cd复合胁迫下莲藕各器官中Pb和Cd的富集特性,以及莲藕生理生化、品质以及产量的变化。结果表明,Pb + Cd复合胁迫下,莲藕各器官中Pb、Cd富集与外施Pb、Cd浓度呈正相关,且在100 mg · kg^-1 Pb + 0.2 mg · kg^-1 Cd轻度污染水平下各器官中Pb和Cd含量就已超过国家食品卫生标准。总体来说,荷叶和膨大茎富集最多,叶柄和匍匐茎次之。Pb、Cd在莲藕中富集产生了一定的毒性反应,表现为：总叶绿素含量呈下降趋势;荷叶和莲藕膨大茎中MDA含量均有所增加,且荷叶中变化幅度更大;荷叶中可溶性糖含量下降、可溶性蛋白先升后降。莲藕膨大茎中可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白等变化不大,但维生素C含量在Pb + Cd轻度污染显著升高,后又逐渐下降,且在Pb + Cd重度污染水平与对照差异极显著。外施Pb、Cd使莲藕产量逐渐下降,在Pb + Cd重度污染水平下,显著低于对照。     

鲜食欧李新品种‘农大7号’

 欧李（Cerasus humilis Bunge）新品种‘农大7号’是从欧李自然杂交实生后代中选育而成。果实扁圆形,底色橘黄色,向阳面着红晕,果肉淡黄色,离核。平均单果质量14.3 g,可食率94.4%,可溶性固形物14.57%,总糖7.96%,可滴定酸1.28%,糖酸比6.22,维生素C 506.9 mg · kg^-1,氨基酸总量5.45 g · kg^-1。外观漂亮,香味浓郁,酸甜适口,丰产强,在山西晋中8月下旬成熟,为鲜食品种。     

Relations between the concentration of diffusable and extractable gibberellin-like substances and the alternate-bearing behaviour in apple as affected by chemical fruit thinning

The levels of diffusable and extractable gibberellin-like substances (GA_s) of apple fruits were investigated in the alternate-bearing ‘King of the Pippins’ and the regularly fruiting ‘Golden Delicious’, using the barley endosperm bioassay. During 1977 and 1978 there were marked differences between the two cultivars in both the chronological appearance and the absolute amounts of diffusable GA_s. The application of fruit-thinning chemicals (carbaryl, ethephon, NAAm) to ‘King of the Pippins’ suppressed the early increase of GA_s in diffusates, which normally occurs during the second week after full bloom. The following year, the thinned trees exhibited heavy flower- and fruit-set, while the untreated control trees showed a very poor bloom. The later appearance of the GA peak in diffusates from fruits of ‘Golden Delicious’ (5 weeks after full bloom), was not accompanied by a similar inhibitory effect on subsequent flowering.In contrast to their effect on the levels of diffusable GA_s, the thinning-treatments caused no real change in the amount of extractable GA_s, which was very similar in fruits from both cultivars.