早中熟优质辣椒新品种‘汇丰2号’

‘汇丰2号’辣椒是早中熟优质杂交一代品种,果实羊角形,青果绿色,成熟果大红色。果长18.0～18.2cm,果宽2.53～2.64cm,肉厚0.31～0.32cm,单果质量36.4～39.4g,单株产量0.29～0.55kg。商品性好,耐贮运,品质佳。中抗疫病,耐热性、耐寒性、耐涝性和耐旱性均强。适合在南方地区露地栽培。     

中国农业科学院郑州果树研究所蔬菜优良品种

品种特征特性 中晚熟品种，粗大羊角椒，单株坐果能力强。果实光滑顺直，深绿色，美观，味辣；果长18～20cm，横径3～3．5cm，肉厚，单果重50～70g。极耐热、耐湿，抗病性强，是少数能在炎热潮湿情况下越夏结实的品种之一。采收期长，前后期结果较多，抗病，高产，耐贮耐运。     

夏秋辣椒新秀--种都青椒王

种都青椒王是四川种都种业有限公司新近选育的夏秋专用辣椒新品种.适合各地作越夏及秋延后栽培. 1特征特性 早中熟,植株长势旺盛,叶色深绿,株高60～65 cm,开展度65～68 cm;果粗羊角形,果面光滑,椒条顺直,色泽光亮;果长20～23 cm,果粗3.5～4 cm,肉厚腔小;耐贮耐运,商品性好.     

出口型菜心新品种油绿701的选育

油绿701生长势强,株形较矮壮,株高30.4 cm,株幅26.7 cm;基叶稍柳叶形,薹叶柳叶形,薹叶少,节疏,菜薹紧实匀称,不易空心,耐贮运,油绿有光泽,主薹高23～25 cm,横径1.5～2 cm,质量45～50 g.中迟熟,播种至初收37～43天,延续采收7～10天.抽薹整齐,商品综合性状好,品质佳.耐病毒病、霜霉病,适应性广,抗逆性强,丰产稳产,每667 m2产量1 000～1 500kg,适宜出口.     

早春大棚辣椒优质高产栽培技术

1品种选择早春大棚种植辣椒应选择抗病性强、抗逆性好、品质优、产量高、耐贮运的品种,如中寿12号。其特征特性为早熟,果实长粗羊角形,果长25～30cm,果肩宽4～5cm,单果重100～150g;果实浅黄绿色、光滑顺直,有光泽,果肉厚,耐储运,辣味适中,商品性好;连续坐果能力强,高产稳产;株形紧凑,叶量适中,植株     

冬春1、2、4、5号羽衣甘蓝新品种的选育

冬春1、2、4、5号羽衣甘蓝新品种是由父本βB-2分别和母本⑧A-C-2-5、⑩B-7-2-2、(24)A-1-1及⑤A-1-1配制的一代杂种.冬春1、2、4号植株板叶,株高12 cm～20 cm(厘米),株幅26 cm～32 cm(厘米)×26 cm～32 cm(厘米),心叶幅16 cm～18 cm(厘米)×16 cm～18 cm(厘米),外部叶片12～16片,颜色分别为墨绿色、紫绿色和绿色,内部心叶17～28片,颜色分别为红色、深红色和外侧淡黄白内侧深粉红色.冬春5号植株皱叶,株高14 cm(厘米),株幅32 cm×28 cm(厘米),心叶幅19 cm×17 cm(厘米),外部叶片16片,颜色为墨绿和绿色,内部心叶22片,颜色为深粉红色.是目前国内因地制宜育成的首批耐冻性强、晚抽苔(冬春1、2、4、5号耐最低气温-6℃～-10℃冰冻、3月10～30日显蕾抽苔,对照名古屋和大阪等品种耐最低气温-2℃～-3℃冰冻、2月10～20日前显蕾抽苔)杂种一代新品种,适合黄河流域及以南广大地区12月至3月填补室外盆花空白观赏的羽衣甘蓝新品种.     

优质耐热苦瓜新品种‘丰绿’

‘丰绿’苦瓜是适宜夏秋栽培的中晚熟杂交一代。植株生长旺盛, 侧蔓结果为主。果实长圆锥形, 长28～32 cm, 横径7～8 cm, 单果质量500～600 g, 果形端正, 果色浅绿亮泽, 条瘤粗, 果肉丰厚, 耐贮运, 肉质爽脆, 苦味淡; 每100 g鲜果含维生素C 157 mg, 可溶性固形物21.8 g, 粗蛋白0.62 g, 粗纤维0.5 g。丰产、稳产性好, 产量60～75 t·hm^{- 2}。中抗白粉病, 耐热性、耐涝性强。     

渝椒5号

渝椒 5号为重庆市农业科学研究所、重庆蔬菜研究中心选育的中早熟、长牛角辣椒新品种. 1990年配组, 1992～ 1997年在重庆、四川、广东、广西、海南等地示范种植, 1999～ 2000年参加重庆市辣椒区域试验, 2001年 3月通过重庆市农作物品种审定委员会审定. 1特征特性 渝椒 5号株型紧凑,生长势强.株高 50～ 55 cm,开展度 50～ 60 cm；始花节位为第 10～ 12节.果实长牛角形,果长 20～ 25 cm,横径 3.5～ 4.0 cm.单果质量 40～ 60 g.嫩果浅绿色,熟果深红色,转色快、着色均匀.味微辣带甜,脆嫩,口味好.商品性佳,耐贮运,抗逆性强,中抗疫病和炭疽病.耐…     

辣椒新品种豫椒968的选育

豫椒968是以自交系X-L-11-1为母本、自交系Y-3-8-4为父本配制成一代杂种。该品种晚热,植株高大,单株座果60～100个。果实长羊角形,果皮深绿色,单果重45～70g,果长16～22cm,果径3.3cm,果肉厚0.3cm,果面光滑,耐贮运。一般677m2产量4178kg,抗病毒病、晚疫病、炭疽病,耐热、耐湿,可越夏延秋栽培。     

桂线6号线椒栽培技术要点

桂线6号是由广西农业科学院蔬菜研究所育成的线椒品种。该品种中熟,生长旺盛,叶片较小,深绿,果粗1.0～1.5cm,果长18～22cm,青果深绿色,红果光滑亮丽,硬度好,耐贮运,椒条顺直无皱,肉厚腔小,辣味强而清香,耐疫病,抗病毒病和炭疽病,可鲜食或加工。近年来,桂线6号在广西各地引种推广,反映良好,其抗病、丰产、适应性...     

Ergebnisse der Leistungsprüfungen der Süßkirschensorte ‚Stella‘ auf Gisela- und Weiroot-Unterlagen in Bulgarien

Zusammenfassung Die Leistungsprüfungen wurden im Zeitraum 1997 bis 2003 mit den Unterlagen Gisela 4 und 5, den Klonnummern 195/20 und 497/8 aus der Gisela-Serie sowie Weiroot 10, 13, 53, 72 und 158 durchgeführt. Dabei dienten Sämlinge von P1 (bulgarische Selektion aus Prunus mahaleb) als Kontrolle. Alle Unterlagen waren mit der Sorte Stella veredelt und im Dezember 1996 in der Versuchsanlage der Agraruniversität in Plovdiv, Bulgarien, im Abstand von 6 m×4,5 m gepflanzt worden. Dabei erfolgte ein Pflanzschnitt. Nach Abschluss der natürlichen Kronenentwicklung wurde jedes Jahr ein Winterschnitt vorgenommen. Der Boden wurde durch mechanische Bearbeitung offen gehalten und nach dem 4. Standjahr wurden die Baumstreifen mit Herbiziden behandelt. Die Wasserversorgung erfolgte durch eine dem natürlichen Gefälle folgende Überflutung, allerdings nicht immer zum optimalen Zeitpunkt, da keine eigene Wasserquelle zur Verfügung stand.Basierend auf den Ergebnissen bis zum Anfang des 7. Standjahres können die untersuchten Unterlagen in zwei Gruppen differenziert werden: starkwüchsig—Weiroot 10, P1 und Weiroot 13; mittelstarkwachsend bis schwachwüchsig—Gi 497/8, Gisela 4, Weiroot 53, Weiroot 158, Gi 195/20, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 5. Letztere zeichnete sich durch besondere Schwachwüchsigkeit aus. Die meisten Wurzelschosser bildeten Gisela 4, Weiroot 10 und Weiroot 13. Weiroot 53, Weiroot 72 und Weiroot 158 entwickelten deutlich weniger und P1, Gisela 5, Gi 195/20 sowie Gi 497/8 keine Wurzelschosser. Den frühesten Blühbeginn induzierte Gisela 4. Die anderen Unterlagen führten, in Abhängigkeit von den Temperaturbedingungen des jeweiligen Jahres, zu einer Verspätung der Blüte: P1 und Weiroot 10 um 1–2 Tage; Gi 497/8, Weiroot 13 und Weiroot 158 um 2–4 Tage; Weiroot 72 um 2–7 Tage; Gi 195/20 um 3–6 Tage; Weiroot 53 um 3–8 Tage und Gisela 5 um 3–10 Tage. Die Reifezeit der Früchte war bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 im Vergleich zu den anderen Varianten um 2–3 Tage verspätet. Gisela 5, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 4 induzierten bei der aufveredelten Sorte die höchsten Ertragsleistungen, P1 die geringsten. Bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 war die Fruchtgröße geringer als bei den anderen Unterlagen. Bäume auf Gisela 5 brauchen intensive Pflege. Nur wenn alle Produktionsfaktoren und kulturtechnischen Maßnahmen optimiert werden, kann das hohe Ertragspotenzial dieser Unterlage ausgeschöpft werden.     

Relationship between renal hypertension and cardiac α1-adrenoceptor autoantibodies in rats

AIM: To examine the autoantibody against α₁-adrenoceptor and its biologic activities during the development of renal hypertension. METHODS: Renal hypertension of rat was achieved by clipped renal artery, the titre of autoantibody to α₁-adrenoceptor was detected using ELISA immunoassay. Furthermore, the biological offects of these autoantibodies on cultured cardiomyocytes were also examined. RESULTS: After two weeks of clipping renal arteries, both the frequency of occurrence and the titre of autoantibodies to cardiac α₁-adrenergic receptor were significantly increased as compared with the control of pre-treatment. The increased autoantibodies lasted for several weeks and then automatically decreased gradually to the pre-clipping level at 12 weeks. The biological effects of these autoantibodies displayed an "agonistic-like" activities on the beating frequency of cultured neonatal cardiomyocytes. CONCLUSION: Autoantibodies against α₁-adrenoceptor may play a role in the elevation of peripheral vascular resistance and in the development of cardiac hypertrophy in rats with renal hypertension.     

Effects of radiation from 188Re on smooth muscle cell proliferation

AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β^-particles emission from ¹⁸⁸Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by ¹⁸⁸Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of ¹⁸⁸Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from ¹⁸⁸ Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G₀/G₁ arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation.     

Influence of Mineral Nutrients on Strawberry Fruit Quality and Their Accumulation in Plant Organs

Abstract

This review is based partly on complete articles and partly on abstracts. Three of the 60 articles deal with the total uptake of elements in strawberry plant organs in two different strawberry production systems, both considered as optimal concerning amount and balance of elements. The effect on fruit quality may be dramatic if the level of a particular element is outside this range, but there may also be effects initiated by differences within the optimal range of elements. Most articles refer to product oriented quality, but some focus on consumer oriented quality, as discussed by Shewfelt (1999). The discussion here is on a general basis, so one should keep in mind that there are cultivar differences and that specification of nutrition ideally should mirror the needs of a single cultivar, or a group of cultivars with similar requirements. Also, to get a complete understanding of the subject future reviews should embrace a broader access of information including the effect on plant development of individual elements, such as the role of calcium in fruit firmness and its importance in cell wall structure. However, the intention here is to narrow the information to results that suggest a direct connection between nutrient uptake and fruit quality.     

Effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin and expression of c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy

AIM:To study the effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin (ET) and the expression of proto-oncogene c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy. METHODS: The level of c-fos mRNA were measured by in situ hybridization. The ET in plasma were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS:After eight weeks of treatment with L-Arg, the expression of c-fos decreased markedly (P＜0.01). The ET content in plasma also decreased significantly by L-Arg(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: Plasma ET content and the expression of c-fos in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy could be decreased by L-Arg administration.     

Effect of puerarin on pulmonary arterioles wall collagen metabolism of chronic hypoxia hypercapnia rats

AIM:To investigate the effect of puerarin on pulmonary vessel collagen metabolism in pulmonary hypertension rats induced by chronic hypoxia and hypercapnia.METHODS:Collagen Ⅰ, Ⅲ and their mRNA were observed in pulmonary arterioles by the technique of immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization.RESULTS:① Light microscopy showed media thickness of pulmonary arterioles was much higher in HH(hypoxic-hypercapnia) group than that of NC(normal control) group, and, vessel cavity turned more straiter in HH group than that of NC group.However, the damage of pulmonary arterioles in HP(hypoxic-pueratin) group was much slighter than that of HH group. ② The levels of plasma ET-1 and lung homogenates Hyr were much higher in HH group than those of NC group(P＜0.01), and lower in HP group than HH groups(P＜0.01).Plasma NO content in group HH was lower than that of group NC(P＜0.01), it was higher in group HP than that of group HH(P＜0.01).③Expression of collagen Ⅰ and collagen Ⅰ mRNA in pulmonary arterioles were significantly higher in HH groups than those of NC group (P＜0.01), and they were lower in HP group than those of HH group (P＜0.01).Expression of collagen Ⅲ and collagen Ⅲ mRNA showed no difference among three groups(P＞0.05).CONCLUSION:Puerarin inhibited the deposition of collagen and improved pulmonary vessel remodeling.     

Mixed-severity fire regime in a high-elevation forest of Grand Canyon,Arizona, USA

Fire regime characteristics of high-elevation forests on the North Rim of the Grand Canyon, Arizona, were reconstructed from fire scar analysis, remote sensing, tree age, and forest structure measurements, a first attempt at detailed reconstruction of the transition from surface to stand-replacing fire patterns in the Southwest. Tree densities and fire-/non-fire-initiated groups were highly mixed over the landscape, so distinct fire-created stands could not be delineated from satellite imagery or the oldest available aerial photos. Surface fires were common from 1700 to 1879 in the 4,400 ha site, especially on S and W aspects. Fire dates frequently coincided with fire dates measured at study sites at lower elevation, suggesting that pre-1880 fire sizes may have been very large. Large fires, those scarring 25% or more of the sample trees, were relatively infrequent, averaging 31 years between burns. Four of the five major regional fire years occurred in the 1700s, followed by a 94-year gap until 1879. Fires typically occurred in significantly dry years (Palmer Drought Stress Index), with severe drought in major regional fire years. Currently the forest is predominantly spruce-fir, mixed conifer, and aspen. In contrast, dendroecological reconstruction of past forest structure showed that the forest in 1880 was very open, corresponding closely with historical (1910) accounts of severe fires leaving partially denuded landscapes. Age structure and species composition were used to classify sampling points into fire-initiated and non-fire-initiated groups. Tree groups on nearly 60% of the plots were fire-initiated; the oldest such groups appeared to have originated after severe fires in 1782 or 1785. In 1880, all fire-initiated groups were less than 100 years old and nearly 25% of the groups were less than 20 years old. Non-fire-initiated groups were significantly older (oldest 262 years in 1880), dominated by ponderosa pine, Douglas-fir, or white fir, and occurred preferentially on S and W slopes. The mixed-severity fire regime, transitioning from lower-elevation surface fires to mixed surface and stand-replacing fire at higher elevations, appeared not to have been stable over the temporal and spatial scales of this study. Information about historical fire regime and forest structure is valuable for managers but the information is probably less specific and stable for high-elevation forests than for low-elevation ponderosa pine forests.This revised version was published online in May 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Compositional and Functional Properties of Saskatoon Berry and Blueberry

Abstract

Saskatoon berry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt., Rosaceae) and blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L., Ericaceae) are substantially equivalent in all characteristics that are important to the consumer, including fruit color, shape, size, nutrition, texture, and uses. In addition, both fruits are native to North America and they have practically identical historical uses and known health benefits. Their composition, processing, nutritional value and metabolism, intended uses, and levels of undesirable substances are compared.     

Cryopreservation of shoot apices of hawthorn in vitro cultures originating from East Asia

The objective of this study was to establish a cryopreservation protocol for hawthorn shoot apices (Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.). Cryopreservation was carried out via encapsulation–dehydration, vitrification, and encapsulation–vitrification on shoot apices excised from in vitro cultures. We began by showing that cold-acclimation enhanced the regrowth of cryopreserved apices from 10.0 to 65.5% in encapsulation–dehydration. We then decided that the encapsulation–dehydration method was an optimal cryopreservation method for hawthorn shoot apices in terms of its high recovery after cryopreservation as well as its ease of use compared with vitrification and encapsulation–vitrification. In encapsulation–dehydration, the protocol leading to optimal regrowth was as follows: after cold-acclimation at 5 °C in the dark for 2 weeks, excised shoot tips were pretreated for 24 h at 25 °C on hormone-free Murashige and Skoog [Murashige, T., Skoog, F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol. Plant. 15, 473–497] (MS) basal medium with 0.4 mol/L sucrose, then encapsulated and precultured in liquid MS medium with 0.8 mol/L sucrose for 16 h at 25 °C. Precultured beads were dehydrated for 6 h at 25 °C in the dessicator containing 50 g silica gel to a moisture content of 15.3% (fresh-weight basis) before cryostorage for 1 h. In addition, we examined the effect of adding glycerol to both the alginate beads and loading solution to enhance regrowth after cryopreservation in encapsulation–dehydration. In the present study, it was shown that adding 0.5 mol/L glycerol resulted in high regrowth percentages (82.5–90.0%) in four Crataegus species.     

瓜叶绿素降解关键酶基因PPH和PAO cDNA片段的克隆与表达初步分析

 以西双版纳黄瓜和‘华黄5号’黄瓜叶片为试验材料,研究了衰老过程中两种黄瓜叶片叶绿素含量变化及脱镁叶绿素脱镁叶绿酸水解酶基因PPH和脱镁叶绿酸a加氧酶基因PAO的表达。结果表明：随着叶片衰老,叶绿素a和叶绿素b含量显著降低,叶绿素a与叶绿素b的比值在0.5左右,推测叶绿素b的含量可能对黄瓜叶片保绿起到重要作用。荧光定量RT-PCR分析结果显示：PPH和PAO在西双版纳黄瓜叶片生长35 d时表达量最高,分别为5.50和1.86;PPH在‘华黄5号’叶片35 d时表达量最高,为7.14,而PAO在35和45 d表达量都很高,分别为3.90和3.91;PPH和PAO在西双版纳黄瓜叶片中的表达量低于在‘华黄5号’中。