近红外光谱技术及其在木材科学中的应用

近红外光谱技术是一项新的木材无损评价方法,能够迅速、准确地对生长锥、固体木材或木粉等试样的性质进行全面无损评价,目前已广泛应用于木材性质预测、木材加工利用等方面的研究中,并为林木的定向培育、木材的遗传改良和高效利用提供技术支持。本文介绍了近红外光谱技术的基本原理及其主要应用,重点介绍了木材的近红外光谱技术及其在木材化学组成、物理力学性质、木材加工利用和木质复合材料等方面的研究成果及应用。     

近红外光谱技术在木材无损检测中应用研究综述

近红外光谱技术作为一种先进的检测技术,具有操作简便,预测快速、准确、成本低廉和对样品全面无损等优点,已在农业、石油化工、食品、生物技术与医药等领域得到了广泛的应用,本文主要介绍近红外光谱技术的基本原理和特点,在近红外光谱分析中的常用化学计量学方法及国内外近红外光谱在预测木材化学性质、物理力学性质和木材缺陷等方面的研究成果及应用。     

近红外光谱技术预测木材性能研究新进展

近红外光谱分析技术是一项现代无损检测技术,可实现对木材性能的快速预测。重点介绍了近红外光谱分析技术应用于木材化学性能、物理性能、力学性能预测的最新研究进展。在此基础上,提出利用近红外光谱技术预测木材性能后续研究的建议,以期为近红外光谱分析技术在木材科学与技术领域的研究与应用提供理论依据。     

红外光谱技术在我国木材科学领域的应用研究进展

红外光谱法是分析化合物结构与化学组成的重要手段,该文综述了中红外与近红外光谱技术在木材物理与化学性质测试、木材种属分类与鉴定、木材加工领域、林木病虫害预测等木材科学相关方向的国内最新研究进展。今后应在推广红外光谱技术实践应用、方法标准提升、多技术联用等方面开展深入研究。     

近红外光谱技术在木材性质预测中的应用研究进展

林木定向培育和木材资源的优化利用, 都需要对大量木材样本的性质进行快速测试.然而, 传统的测试方法成本高、效率低, 不能满足生产和科研的需要.近红外光谱技术是一种新的无损评价方法, 能够迅速、准确地对木材试样的性质进行预测.文中主要介绍了近红外分析技术的基本原理、特点以及在预测木材化学组成、物理力学性质、解剖性质等方面的研究进展.     

近红外光谱技术在木材工业中的研究进展

近红外光谱技术是一种新型的无损评价方法,能够快速、准确地对木材的化学性质和物理性质进行预测,已被广泛应用于木材功能性改良、木材识别和木材无损检测等方面的研究。该文阐述了近红外光谱技术在木材材性预测和木材加工利用中的研究现状,分析了其在木材工业中的应用前景。     

近红外光谱检测技术及其在木材工业中的应用

对近红外光谱技术在国内外的发展现状进行了总结,并就近红外光谱技术在木材工业中的几项重点应用做了说明,预测了近红外光谱技术的发展前景。     

快速检测木材微纤丝角的近红外光谱分析技术

介绍了一种新的测量木材微纤丝角的无损检测技术--近红外光谱分析,并详细阐述了测量时木材样品的选择及制备,测量工作包括X射线衍射和近红外光谱采集、多变量数据分析与模型建立的方法及步骤.证明了近红外光谱分析技术可以用于快速准确地预测木材的微纤丝角.     

近红外光谱快速预测乙酰化木材的增重率

采用近红外光谱技术对乙酰化大青杨和樟子松木材的增重率进行快速预测。在近红外波长780～2500 nm范围内,利用偏最小二乘法( PLS)建立木材横切面原始光谱及不同预处理(一阶导数、二阶导数、归一化处理和消噪)光谱乙酰化木材增重率数学模型,并进行比较分析。结果表明：乙酰化大青杨和樟子松木材分别选用归一化处理光谱和消噪光谱建立的增重率校正模型预测效果较好,预测模型相关系数( R)分别为0.90和0.70,预测标准差(RMSEP)分别为1.0072和1.3012,其中乙酰化大青杨木材增重率预测模型实测能力较佳,表明利用木材横切面近红外光谱建立的数学模型可以实现乙酰化木材增重率的快速预测。     

动态力学分析技术在木材科学研究领域的应用

动态力学分析技术(DMA)通过材料的结构和分子运动状态表征材料的力学性能。木质材料的力学性能本质上是分子运动状态的反映,利用DMA可以架构其结构与性能之间的关系,获得木质材料的结构、分子运动及其转变等重要信息。分别总结了DMA在实体木材和木质复合材料中的应用:围绕实体木材,综合评述了DMA在分析木材材性、软化行为、机械吸湿效应以及早期腐朽程度方面所取得的研究进展;针对木质复合材料,重点介绍了DMA在分析其阻尼性能、胶合性能、界面相容性能和耐老化性能等方面的应用。建议今后的研究重点从以下3个方面展开:1)考虑到实体木材自身组织结构的复杂性以及易受环境影响等特点,采用DMA分析仪不同的载荷类型和形变模式进行组合测试,在一定温湿度场中系统研究实体木材的材性与软化行为和机械吸湿效应的关系。2)利用DMA分析仪的单纤维拉伸模式,探索单根纤维(管胞、木纤维细胞)的黏弹行为,进一步明晰木质材料微观黏弹性能的响应机制。3)联用振动光谱(红外光谱或拉曼光谱),实现同步实时观察木质材料形变过程中组成分子的化学键或官能团的变化及响应,进而从分子水平揭示木质材料的形变规律。     

乐器共鸣板用木材声学振动性能改良研究现状及趋势

木材是制作乐器共鸣板的重要材料, 木材的声学性能在很大程度上决定了乐器的声学品质。文中在分析乐器板用木材声学振动性能改良的着手点与切入点的基础上, 总结木材声学振动性能改良方面的研究进展, 认为以下几个方面将成为未来研究的热点:1)从弹性模量、比弹性模量、声辐射品质常数和声阻抗等指标出发进行木材声学性能功能性改良研究; 2)开展乐器共鸣板用木材的替代树种用材的功能性改良研究, 扩大可用于制作乐器共鸣板的资源范围; 3)从改善木材声学振动效率和振动音色角度进行木材功能性改良的研究; 4)开展新型的乐器共鸣板用材研究。     

Prediction of lute acoustic quality based on soundboard vibration performance using multiple choice model

The vibrational performance of wood materials critical affects the acoustic quality of a lute. The purpose of this research was to apply a multiple choice model to predict the quality of musical instruments based on data on lute soundboard vibrational properties of Paulownia wood.In the lute production, lute material selection mainly depends on the subjective evaluation of technicians, which is not only inefficient, but inaccurate. In this study, nine lutes were fabricated. Using the multiple selection model,the lute tone quality was predicted by the soundboard wood vibration data. Compared with the actual value, the dependent value predicted by the count of observations with the maximum probability had 22 erroneous judgments. The model precision is 87.78%. The results confirmed that the prediction model can be used as a guideline for the selection of the soundboard wood in musical instrument plants.     

Prediction of Yueqin acoustic quality based on soundboard vibration performance using support vector machine

As an important material of making instrument resonant component, paulownia has a significant influence on instrument acoustic quality. Using the method of support vector machine (SVM), an evaluation model for predicting the Yueqin acoustic quality was developed based on the wood vibration performance. Generally, the wood selection in the Yueqin manufacture mainly depends on observance weighting by hands, knocking and listening by an instrument technician. The defect in scientific theory impedes the improvement of Yueqin quality. In this study, nine Yueqin were fabricated. Based on the information of their raw materials and Yueqin acoustic quality evaluation, a prediction model was proposed. In the total 180 groups of data, 60 groups of data were randomly selected for the training, 30 groups of data were randomly selected from the unused data for the verification. The radial basis function is used to establish the Yueqin soundboard wood acoustic quality evaluation model and simulate the prediction. The results revealed that the prediction of Yueqin acoustic quality could be achieved based on the soundboard wood vibration performance using the MATLAB simulation. The classification accuracy was 90.00%, indicating that the predicted values were highly consistent with the experimental values. The models are able to be used to precisely predict the Yueqin acoustic quality based on the vibration performance of soundboards.     

木竹材声学振动特性研究进展

木材声学振动特性科学机理与评价方法的研究正逐渐兴起,而针对竹材声学振动特性的相关研究则少有报道.文中重点围绕木竹材声学振动特性,从声振动效率、音色和发音效果稳定性3个方面介绍了木竹材声学振动特性的定量评价方法;从不同尺度(宏观—微观)、不同层次(化学组分—物理性质)和不同方式(选材—加工)系统阐述其主要影响因素;在此基...     

Tree growth performance and estimation of wood quality in plantation trials for Maesopsis eminii and Shorea spp.

Plantations of tropical species are becoming an increasingly important source of wood.However, it is important that research trials focus not only on tree growth performance, but also on wood quality.The aims of this study were to assess the growth performance of six commercially and ecologically important tree species from separate plantation trials in Indonesia and to determine the relationships between tree growth and wood quality in terms of the dynamic modulus of elasticity(MOE) and wood density.Forty-eight 7-year Maesopsis eminii Engl.and thirty-five 9-year specimens(7 each of 5 Shorea spp.)were selected from two trials.The MOE, based on acoustic velocity, was indirectly measured to evaluate wood stiffness.Tree-growth performance was evaluated, and correlations between growth traits and acoustic velocity as well as density and wood stiffness properties were estimated.The growth performance of M.eminii in terms of tree volume was significantly different in three different categories of growth(i.e.fast, medium, slow).Of the five Shorea spp.studied, Shorea leprosula Miq.had the highest growth rate, as expected since it is known to be a fastgrowing Shorea species.Indirect measurement of wood quality by means of non-destructive ultrasonic methods showed a weak negative correlation between tree volume and acoustic velocity and dynamic MOE.Although each fast-growing tree could reach a merchantable size faster than other varieties or species, wood traits of various species tested were not significantly different based on tree growth rate performance.The findings from this study could be used to improve selection criteria in future breeding trials; indirect measurements of the dynamic modulus of elasticity can be used in mass pre-selection of genetic materials, to choose the most-promising material for in-depth evaluation.     

钢琴音板木材的杨氏模量动态法测量及其评价

以钢琴音板用西加云杉锯材试件为研究对象,依据梁的纵向、横向弯曲原理及其动力学理论,采用振动频率法和声学频率法,测量该批试材在自由支承状态下的基频值,得到杨氏弹性模量值,并对其性能进行评价。     

Vibrational properties of harp soundboard with respect to its multi-layered structure

The vibrational properties of a harp soundboard were investigated with respect to its multi-layered structure. The surfaces of harp soundboards are usually reinforced with veneer; however, this reduces the specific dynamic Young’s modulus (E′/ρ) and significantly increases the internal friction (Q ^?1) of soundboards. Since smaller E′/ρ and greater Q ^?1 values impart a smaller acoustic conversion efficiency, the attachment of veneer is predicted to reduce the amplitude of the sound produced, as suggested by harp makers. The vibrational properties of veneer-reinforced wood are elucidated using a multi-layered model comprising base wood, a glue layer, veneer and a varnish layer. The results of calculations suggest that a thinner veneer attached with minimal glue would increase the sound amplitude.     

木基发光材料研究进展

随着资源的消耗以及人类可持续性发展意识的增强,木材等绿色资源的功能化改性及应用日益受到人们关注。木基发光材料综合了木基复合材料和发光材料的优势,以木材为载体,通过浸渍发光材料获得具有发光性能的功能性木材,其在一定程度上保留了木材的基本结构特征,并改善了木材的尺寸稳定性、防腐防潮性和力学性能等,还可以通过添加其他功能性材料开发磁性、储能等新功能。文中从制备木基发光材料所需的原辅材料、功能性添加剂等方面综述目前国内外木基发光材料的相关研究成果,主要对其所使用的发光材料进行分类,分析总结各研究成果的制备工艺包括对木材的不同预处理方式等;同时对木基发光材料在照明装饰、储能材料等领域的应用前景进行展望;并从材料、工艺和功能性添加剂等方面提出一些深入研究的建议,旨在进一步提升木基发光材料的性能,为其在家居、储能、照明等领域得到更广泛的应用提供思路。     

木质材料激光表面处理研究进展

激光以其能量密度高、运行轨迹自如、方向性好等优点,被广泛用于木质材料切削加工以及表面处理等领域。其中,木质材料激光表面处理,即利用激光热/光电子效应促进材料发生物理、化学变化,以实现改性的目的。笔者对木质材料激光表面处理原理、激光类型与用途以及激光表面处理技术特点与应用领域等内容的研究现状进行了综述与分析。现有研究表明:材料对于不同波长激光的吸收系数差异明显,基于此特性可实现木质材料表层激光选择性消融,以满足不同应用场合的加工需求;其次,激光功率、激光扫描路径密度以及进给速度等激光工艺参数,决定了表面处理过程中能量密度及分布,进而影响木质材料表面改性强度与深度,通过对激光参数的优化可实现木质材料表面部分性能(如表面颜色、润湿性、功能性结构等)的精准改性。最后,还探讨了木质材料激光表面处理领域研究现状与趋势,阐明了研究的科学意义和未来研究方向,以期为创新木质材料表面处理技术、实现其提质增效提供理论指导,也为拓宽激光技术在木质材料加工领域的应用范围提供思路。     

Use of acoustic testing to detect decay and sort western juniper for modulus of elasticity and modulus of rupture

While wood has numerous attributes that make it an excellent material for many uses, its properties can also vary widely according to wood species and even within the same species. Wood used in structural applications is categorized into classes. For many wood products, these classes or grades are based upon visual assessments that account for grain characteristics along with natural defects such as knots or splits. These approaches are simple, but also limit the potential for identifying products based upon actual material properties. One alternative is to use acoustic tests to estimate modulus of elasticity and then correlate these values to actual material properties. The potential for using acoustic tests to estimate wood properties was assessed with a prototype acoustic device (Metriguard Model 242) on western juniper (Juniperus occidentalis) posts that were then tested using a destructive bending test. These tests could allow the identification of decayed areas within a post if they were directly in the tested area, but predicted modulus of elasticity was poorly correlated with actual modulus of rupture (r^2?=?0.23). The correlation was improved by only considering those samples where the acoustic test was made through the same area where the test load was applied, but the relationship was still weak (r^2?=?0.33). Acoustic testing did appear to be able to identify unacceptably weak samples with minimal rejection of acceptable samples, suggesting that acoustic testing might be a useful sorting tool to improve the reliability of timbers.