厦门棕榈科植物害虫调查

为了解厦门棕榈科植物害虫的发生情况,采用普查、抽查及咨询的方式进行系统调查。调查结果显示,厦门共有棕榈科植物害虫45种,分别属于昆虫纲的等翅目、直翅目、同翅目、缨翅目、半翅目、鞘翅目、鳞翅目、蛛形纲的真螨目和腹足纲的柄眼目,为厦门棕榈科植物虫害的防治和深入研究提供依据。     

海南岛芒果树害虫种类新名录

为弄清近年来为害海南岛芒果树的新害虫种类,笔者自2003年11月以来,以海南儋州、白沙、昌江、东方、乐东、五指山、三亚等地的芒果园为重点,对海南岛芒果树害虫进行了系统的调查.经鉴定发现海南岛芒果树新害虫种类共90种,分属于蜚蠊目、等翅目、直翅目、同翅目、半翅目、缨翅目、鞘翅目、鳞翅目、双翅目共9目,47科.     

海南省茶树害虫名录

采用田间调查和室内饲养相结合的方法,对海南省儋州、白沙、琼中(岭头、新伟)、五指山等茶场的茶树害虫种类进行系统调查。根据调查结果,共鉴定海南省茶树害虫(螨)100种,分属于蜚蠊目、等翅目、鳞翅目、同翅目、鞘翅目、半翅目、双翅目、直翅目、缨翅目、蜱螨目共10目40科,并记述了每种害虫的分布及为害情况。     

长沙市麓山景区主要病虫害种类调查及其防治

采用调查取样法并应用佳多杀虫灯诱杀技术,对长沙市岳麓山风景名胜区麓山景区森林植物主要病虫害种类进行调查,首次报道长沙市岳麓山风景名胜区麓山景区森林植物的主要害虫共有82种,另有天敌17种,病害20种。害虫种类包括鳞翅目Lepidoptera害虫36种、同翅目Homoptera害虫10种、鞘翅目Coleptera害虫19种、半翅目Hemiptera害虫7种、直翅目Orthoptera害虫6种、等翅目Isoptera害虫1种、膜翅目Hymenoptera害虫1种,另外蜱螨目Acarina害螨2种。在被调查的植物中,发现为害比较严重的害虫主要有蛀干的天牛、木蠹蛾、吉丁虫、沟眶象甲;食叶的尺蛾科、螟蛾科害虫;以及蚜虫、蚧壳虫、叶蝉、螨类。17种天敌对害虫的抑制作用较大。另外,还发现多种蛙类和蟾蜍,应充分保护利用。植物病害多为害叶片和枝条,部分老树干也发生严重。     

速灭杀丁与辛硫磷混用防治荔枝蝽蟓的增效作用

试验证明,速灭杀丁与辛硫磷混用,对半翅目荔枝蝽蟓的防治有较好的增效作用,其中以速灭杀丁:辛硫磷=1:9混配,可增效10倍以上。这对降低防治成本,扩大防治范围,延缓害虫抗药性的产生具有重要意义。     

山东茶园害虫资源调查

选择山东主要茶区日照、莒南、淄博、泰安樱桃园和泰安小津口的生产茶园，于2009年4～10月每月上旬定园调查害虫及天敌资源。调查发现茶园害虫（螨）40种，分属2纲8目25科。编制山东茶园害虫资源名录，为本茶区茶树植保领域的研究提供理论依据。     

山东茶园害虫资源调查

选择山东主要茶区日照、莒南、淄博、泰安樱桃园和泰安小津口的生产茶园,于2009年4～10月每月上旬定园调查害虫及天敌资源。调查发现茶园害虫(螨)40种,分属2纲8目25科。编制山东茶园害虫资源名录,为本茶区茶树植保领域的研究提供理论依据。     

荔枝泥蜂透翅蛾的研究

荔枝泥蜂透翅娥是过去国内未有记录的荔枝和龙眼的重要害虫,其幼虫为害树干,影响植株生势,严重的致树干枯干或整株死亡。此虫在海南岛一年发生一代,以幼虫越冬。个体发育期不一致,成虫和卵发生于3—11月,蛹发生于2—11月,幼虫终年均可发现。成虫羽化高峰期出现于3—4月。本文记载了它的生物学特性和形态,并对防治方法提出了建议。     

海南蔗区甘蔗害虫发生情况及防治对策

通过一年对海南甘蔗产区9个县(市)30个乡镇进行害虫调查,发现海南甘蔗害虫共有7目36科58种,其中蜚蠊目1科1种,等翅目1科1种,直翅目5科12种,缨翅目1科1种,半翅目11科14种,鞘翅目8科14种,鳞翅目9科15种。木蠹蛾、条螟、蔗根锯天牛、蔗根象、红尾白螟和异岐蔗蝗对海南甘蔗生产具有潜在威胁的害虫种类。总结了甘蔗苗期、生长中期及后期对各类害虫的防治对策,对指导海南蔗区甘蔗生产具有重要意义。     

双甲脒的药效和药害测定

双甲脒(amitraz)由英国Boots公司发现,译名还有胺三氮螨脒、双虫脒、果螨脒、杀伐螨等。其急性经口毒性LD_(50)约为800毫克/公斤,经皮毒性LD_(50)大于200毫克/公斤,在生物体内无积累毒性。据国内外报道,双甲脒对高等动物无致畸、致突变、致癌活性,是一种高效、安全、低残留的有机氮杀虫杀螨剂。双甲脒具有良好的触杀作用,且能渗透叶片,残效期中等。已知的田间杀螨谱有叶螨、瘿螨、短须螨、跗线螨、小爪螨、锈螨等,对半翅目、同翅目、鳞翅目中的许多害虫也有一定的效果。     

Nature Farming Practices for Apple Production in Japan

Summary

Apples were grown in a study using nature farming practices, including organic fertilizer to supply nutrients, microbial inocu-lants for biocontrol of pest insects, and low- or non-pesticides measures. When low- or non-pesticide measures were adopted, the numbers of pest insects increased accordingly; however, the populations of beneficial organisms and natural predators of pest insects also increased. Even though the reduction in pesticide use caused some fruit damage, the enhanced biocontrol of pest insects by increased numbers of natural predator insects more than compensated for the damage. Thus, low- or non-pesticide nature farming practices were cost-effective because they increased biocontrol of pest insects and decreased the amount of pesticide needed and the cost of application.     

松辽平原玉米主要病虫害综合治理体系研究

经过5年玉米主要病虫害综合治理系统研究,明确了松辽平原生态区玉米主要病虫害的灾变动态,进行了品种抗病虫性研究,筛选出抗性品种,明确了玉米苗期丛生苗的发生原因,建立了玉米螟发生程度长期预测体系。将综合治理技术组装配套、协调应用,建立了以灾变动态为依据,以抗病品种为基础,综合配套措施为主导的玉米主要病虫害综合治理体系。并进行大面积示范,取得了显著的社会、经济和生态效益。     

海南岛莲雾害虫

报道了海南岛莲雾害虫２３号，并记述了主要害虫角盲蝽、莲雾瘿木虱、蓝绿象及白裙赭夜蛾的为害、形态、生物学特性及防治方法。     

频振式杀虫灯对豆田害虫的防效试验

频振式杀虫灯在示范田共开灯75 d,共诱杀害虫5目11科,2 347头,杀虫谱广,诱杀效果十分明显,且对害虫天敌的杀伤力较小,共诱杀天敌17头,益害比为1:138.1,频振式杀虫灯在示范田应用,降低了劳动成本,使用方便,操作简单可获得较好的经济效益、生态效益和社会效益。     

华南地区的芒果害虫

本文记录了海南、广东、广西及福建等4个省(区)的芒果害虫109种,并对这些害虫的发生情况作了分析和探讨。     

应用生态工程技术控制水稻害虫对水生昆虫数量的影响

【目的】随着水稻病虫害绿色防控技术的不断发展,希望应用生态工程控制害虫技术取得较大进展。【方法】对稻田水生昆虫成虫的种群动态进行了连续3年的系统调查,以探明生态工程防控技术对水生昆虫的影响。【结果】实施生态工程防控技术稻田中的水生捕食性昆虫豆娘的数量显著高于农民自防田,其他水生捕食性昆虫和中性昆虫等数量也有类似的结果,同时,靠近田埂的稻田区域豆娘和水生中性昆虫的种群数量也显著高于稻田中间区域。【结论】说明通过实施生态工程控害技术可以有效提高稻田水生捕食性昆虫及中性昆虫种群数量,这对提高水稻生长后期的天敌控害作用有重要的意义。     

硅肥对本溪地区水稻生长的影响

从生育期、生物学特性、产量、抗倒伏、抗病虫等方面对水稻施用硅肥进行研究,结果表明,硅肥对水稻的增产效果明显,并在抗倒伏、抗病虫、生育期提前等方面也有较大作用。     

Use of the response of two growth stages of cowpea to different population densities of the coreid bug, Clavigralla tomentosicollis (Stål.) to determine action threshold levels

The effects of increasing the population density of the cowpea coreid, Clavigralla tomentosicollis Stål., up to a maximum of 32 pairs of insects per cage, infested on cowpea at either early flowering or mid pod-fill, were studied in potted plants and field cages. Overall, the results show that increasing insect density resulted in a corresponding increase in damage to the crop (measured as abscission of fruiting bodies and as damage to pods and seeds). Yield reduction was approximately proportional to the bug population when low, with highly significant correlation coefficients. Damage to the crop and yield reduction were more drastic when infestation was made during flowering as opposed to infestation at podding; although there was some compensation of damage to fruiting bodies during the former growth phase, this was not sustained with increasing pest density. Suggested pest densities at which control measures should be initiated are two insects (fourth instar and over) per 10 plants at flowering and four insects at podding. Further studies on damage thresholds in multiple pest scenarios are suggested.     

Could movement of neonates from non-host plants affect the potential of polyculture to reduce crop colonisation by pest insects?

Existing and impending constraints to the use of synthetic pesticides, along with changing legislation in favour of an integrated approach to pest management, are driving uptake of ‘alternative’ approaches to pest control. Polyculture is one such approach, often relying upon the presence of non-host plants within the crop to reduce colonisation by pest insects. The diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.), is known to oviposit on non-host plants and the present study showed that neonates were able to move relatively large distances, enabling them to relocate from non-host natal plants to nearby hosts. Although fewer larvae were found on host plants when they hatched on non-hosts, it is concluded that even a low level of re-location of neonates could potentially reduce the potential for polyculture to control this pest. It is proposed that non-host oviposition and neonate movement could explain why polyculture sometimes fails in controlling pest insects.