新杀虫剂——速灭杀丁效果鉴定简介

新杀虫剂——速灭杀丁(Sumicidin)是由日本住友化学工业株式会社提供的一种新的拟除虫菊酯系的杀虫剂。该药的优点是:杀虫效果高、毒性低、无嗅味、残效期长。速灭杀丁农药对热血动物的毒性比较低,对大鼠急性口服致死中量为甲基1605的1/20～1/25,(速灭杀丁致死中量LD50 451毫克/公斤),本年试验对甜菜害虫甘兰夜蛾及斜纹夜蛾(幼虫)均有较高的防治杀虫效果。试验结果:     

灭多威防治棉铃虫药效试验

１９９３～１９９５年，用灭多威进行了防治棉铃虫田间药效试验。试验结果表明：用２４％万灵水剂７５０～１１２５ｍｌ·ｈｍ￣（－２），喷后３天防效达８９．４％～９３．６％；喷后７天防效达６６．１％～７７．６％，明显高于４０％久效磷用１５００ｍｌ·ｈｍ￣（－３）的防效。灭多威与辛硫磷、久效磷混用防治棉铃虫具一定的增效作用，灭多威与辛硫磷混用的ｃ·ｆ值高于与久效磷混用的ｃ·ｆ值。     

生物农药与化学农药混用对花生蛴螬的减药防控效果

为明确生物农药与化学农药混用对防治花生蛴螬的减药防控效果,本研究将2种生物农药(白僵菌、绿僵菌)与2种化学杀虫剂(吡虫啉、辛硫磷)及1种化学杀菌剂(萎锈·福美双)混用,评价其对花生蛴螬的田间防效及对出苗等影响。结果表明:常规剂量下,单独应用2种生物农药对蛴螬防治效果显著低于2种化学药剂;2种生物农药半量混用后的出苗率和防治效果均为最差;分别将吡虫啉和辛硫磷与2种生物农药剂量减半后混用,其防治效果与常规剂量应用化学农药无显著性差异;添加杀菌剂萎锈·福美双可明显提高出苗率、增加产量。因此,推荐使用2种化学杀虫剂减半剂量(吡虫啉:1.50 mL/kg种子,辛硫磷:20.00 mL/kg种子,二选一),加入杀菌剂萎锈·福美双(3.00 mL/kg种子)混合后拌种,在播种时加入减半剂量的生物农药(2.25 kg/hm~2白僵菌拌毒土或15.00 kg/hm~2绿僵菌穴施,二选一)来防控花生蛴螬,达到减施化学农药,增效提质的目的。     

不同施药方法对花生田蛴螬的防治效果评价

为寻找轻简、高效、安全控制花生主要害虫蛴螬的技术模式,连续4年对六种防治方法进行了评价,对解决蛴螬防治难题、提高防治技术水平提供参考和依据。辛硫磷微囊悬浮剂(辛硫磷CS)+性诱剂及毒死蜱微囊悬浮剂(毒死蜱CS)+性诱剂的防虫效果、保果效果、产量及增产率呈逐年增加趋势,连续使用4年后,两混剂与单独使用辛硫磷CS或毒死蜱CS的各指标间无显著差异。辛硫磷CS+性诱剂及毒死蜱CS+性诱剂对蛴螬的防治效果分别为82.51%和82.4%,保果效果分别为79.99%和79.46%。不同施药方式下,花生产量均有所增长,但各处理间稍有差异。辛硫磷CS+性诱剂配合使用,产量较高,达到204.5kg/667m2,增产23%。辛硫磷CS+性诱剂或毒死蜱CS+性诱剂两混剂的农药用量均为250g/667m2,分别比单独使用两化学农药低100g/667m2;成本为37元/667m2,比单独使用两化学农药高2元/667m2。在不降低防治效果的前提下,前者能降低农药用量,符合国家两减趋势。     

七种杀虫剂防治甘蔗金龟子田间试验

试验结果表明,7种杀虫剂对甘蔗金龟子幼虫的田间防治试验中,通过比较分析残留虫口数和蔗根受害率及其相对防效,施用5%异丙特丁硫磷颗粒剂防治甘蔗金龟子幼虫效果最好,残留虫口数最少,蔗根受害情况也最轻,相对防效均为最高;其次是8%毒死蜱.辛硫磷颗粒剂和8%巴丹.辛硫磷颗粒剂,它们可为防治甘蔗金龟子的替换农药,施用剂量以4～5千克/亩为宜。     

甘薯茎线虫病防治技术初探

将带有甘薯茎线虫病的病薯完全粉碎后接种土壤,薯苗栽植时一部分处理用辛硫磷500倍、800倍浸根,一部分处理采用生物制剂阿维菌素3 000倍、5 000倍液浇窝,不施药用清水浇窝作为对照,进行甘薯茎线虫病防治试验。结果表明：辛硫磷800倍浸根处理能有效的防治甘薯茎线虫病,薯块发病指数低于其他处理,防治效果高于其它处理。阿维菌素3 000倍处理作为高效低毒的生物制剂农药也可以应用到甘薯茎线虫病的防治上。     

四种药剂对甘薯地下害虫的防治研究

地下害虫是严重危害河南甘薯生产的一类重要害虫。2009年,以密选一号为试验材料,选取地下害虫危害严重的地块研究4种供试药剂对甘薯地下害虫的防治试验。结果表明：在参试药剂中,30%辛硫磷微胶囊和吡虫.辛硫磷乳油对甘薯地下害虫防治效果较好,分别达61.59%、45.64%。     

不同药剂拌种对花生地下害虫的防治试验

采用药剂拌种,筛选防治花生地下害虫的药剂。结果表明,在花生果实膨大期,三种药剂各处理对花生田地下害虫的防治效果达60％以上,20％氯虫苯甲酰胺SC450g/hm2、22％吡虫·辛硫磷EC6750g／hm2。的防治效果达70％以上,但各处理差异不显著;花生果实收获期,20％氯虫苯甲酰胺SC450g/hm2、22％吡虫·辛硫磷EC6750g/hm2、地鹰20kg种子／100g的防治效果达60％以上。表明20％氯虫苯甲酰胺SC、22％毗虫·辛硫磷EC、地鹰在花生播种时拌种可用来防治地下害虫。     

溴氰菊脂(敌杀死)防治茶毛虫的药效试验简报

茶毛虫是我县茶区主要害虫之一。幼虫咬食茶树叶片,毒毛触及人体皮肤会红肿发痒,影响采摘和产量。近年来由于常用敌敌畏防治茶毛虫产生抗性效果不佳。为此,我站今年采用新农药敌杀死和50％辛硫磷,协助国营叠石茶场防治茶毛虫430.5亩,防治效果达到94.44～100％。现简报如下:     

速灭杀丁防治棉虫的效果

于1983～1984年对棉蚜、叶跳虫、棉铃虫进行了室内和大田药效试验,今将试验结果报道如下。1、防治棉蚜效果。使用20%速灭杀丁2000～4000倍液,防治棉蚜的效果高,残效期长。据田间喷洒2000倍液施药后1天调查,防效为99.58%;施药后2～4天,防     

氯氟吡氧乙酸与顶尖或骠马混用对小麦田间杂草的防除效果

为了研究除草剂混配对小麦田间杂革的防效,测定了15%顶尖WP或6.9%骠马EW与20%氯氟吡氧乙酸EC混配对小麦田杂草的防效、田间透光率、杂草对水肥的吸收量和小麦产量.结果表明,除草剂混配对小走田间杂草的综合密度防效和综合鲜重防效分别达到98.21%～100.00%和99.46%～100.00%,显著优于单剂的防效.除草剂混配能有效抑制杂革的株高,顶尖WP与最低剂量的氯氟吡氧乙酸混配,野燕麦即被全部防除,大巢莱和猪殃殃的株高亦显著降低.除草剂混配使用能显著提高小麦田间不同部位的透光率,小麦顶部透光率比时照增加54.08%～57.20%;离地50 cm的透光率比对照增加47.21%～52.73%;离地10 cm的透光率比对照增加22.84%～27.44%.除草剂混配使用降低了杂草对水肥的吸收,高剂量的组合中,杂草的水肥含量均降为零.除草剂混配喷施后增产效果显著,增产率达到124.63%～172.88%.     

不同药剂处理对水田除草的效果分析

针对梅河口市水田杂草种类繁多、分布广、密度大的现状,选取5种混合药剂进行除草效果对比试验,结果表明:丁草胺加吡.扑.西混剂除草效果好,产量在各个处理中最高,且对水稻安全,建议在泽泻、慈菇较多的田块使用。     

Pyrithiobac reduces control of green foxtail (Setaria viridis) and bristly foxtail (Setaria verticillata) by propaquizafop

Experiments were conducted to evaluate potential interactions between propaquizafop and pyrithiobac applied in mixture or in sequential applications on green foxtail (Setaria viridis) and bristly foxtail (Setaria verticillata). The effect of propaquizafop application rate and the effect of ammonium sulphate were also evaluated. Propaquizafop (75–150 g ai/ha) applied alone at the five- to six-leaf growth stage provided 86–99% control of green foxtail and 92–100% control of bristly foxtail. Mixtures of propaquizafop with pyrithiobac applied at the same growth stage provided lower control of green foxtail and bristly foxtail by 27–33% and 17–22%, respectively, compared with propaquizafop applied alone. Increased rates of propaquizafop in the mixtures or the addition of ammonium sulphate did not eliminate the observed reduced control of both species with the mixture of pyrithiobac. Sequential applications where pyrithiobac was applied three days or one day before the application of propaquizafop also showed lower control of both species compared with propaquizafop applied alone. However, sequential applications where pyrithiobac was applied three days or one day after the application of propaquizafop showed more effective control of both species compared with the mixture and equal control to that achieved with propaquizafop applied alone.     

大豆种衣剂防治根腐病方法研究初报

在防治大豆根腐病的研究中，通过种子处理防治大豆根腐病的研究，应是一个主要内容，但首先遇到的问题有二；一是有效的药物（或药剂型），二是能使大豆种子上带有足够的药量的方法。本文主要介绍通过农药的筛选、复配、在确定有效药剂配方的前提下，结合防治方法的研究，经过多年室内外试验，示范，研制成功了具有促进大豆生长发育，增另大豆根瘤量，防治大豆根腐病效果达８５％，增产１５％左右的“大豆微复药肥Ｉ号”种衣剂。     

Biocontrol of vascular wilt and corm rot of gladiolus caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. gladioli using plant growth promoting rhizobacterial mixture

Talc-based formulations of plant growth promoting rhizobacterial strain S2BC-2 (Bacillus atrophaeus) and strain mixture, S2BC-2 + TEPF-Sungal (Burkholderia cepacia), inhibitory to the growth of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. gladioli (FOG), were developed for corm dressing and soil application in gladiolus. In comparison to the individual strain, the strain mixture recorded maximum spike and corm production of 100 and 150%, respectively with less vascular wilt and corm rot incidences of 73.6 and 54.8% reduction over the pathogen control in greenhouse when inoculated with FOG. Reduction in disease incidence under greenhouse conditions occurred through induction of defence gene products such as chitinase, β-1,3-glucanase, peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase. Besides disease suppression, treatment with strain mixture promoted plant growth in terms of enhanced corm and cormel production and flowering. In field experiments, the strain mixture recorded less vascular wilt and corm rot incidences of 48.6 and 46.1% mean reduction over the non-bacterised control, and was almost comparable with that of fungicide (51.5 and 47.1%, respectively). The treatment also recorded increased spike and corm yield with average increases of 58.3 and 27.4%, respectively, relative to the control.     

Milk yield and nitrogen excretion of dairy cows grazing binary and multispecies pastures

Three grazing experiments were carried out in late spring (early lactation), summer (mid‐lactation) and autumn (late lactation) to compare the effects of perennial ryegrass cultivar or grass species, sown in binary or multispecies mixtures, on milk yield and nitrogen excretion of dairy cows. Replicated groups of multiparous Holstein Friesian × Jersey cows were offered either a control or high‐sugar perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) or tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) base grass in a binary mixture with white clover (Trifolium repens) or in a multispecies mixture with additional legumes, bromegrass (Bromus willdenowii) and forbs. During each 9‐day experiment, botanical composition, milk production and faecal and urine composition were measured. Milk solid (MS) yield for the control ryegrass, high‐sugar ryegrass and tall fescue grass types averaged, respectively, 1.53, 1.64 and 1.70 kg MS cow^?1 day^?1 for a binary mixture sward, compared with 1.65, 1.54 and 1.53 kg MS cow^?1 day^?1 for a multispecies sward. Legume content influenced milk production more than the number of species present in a mixture. There was lower urine N concentration from a multispecies sward compared with a binary mixture. Urine N concentration of cows grazing the control ryegrass, high‐sugar ryegrass and tall fescue grass types averaged, respectively, 4.6, 5.3 and 6.8 g N L^?1 for a binary mixture, compared with 4.1, 3.9 and 3.9 g N L^?1 for a multispecies mixture. Feeding dairy cows on multispecies swards containing forbs presents an opportunity to reduce N losses without compromising milk yield.     

异噁唑草酮·噻酮磺隆在玉米不同种植区应用的除草效果和安全性研究

2016～2017年在东北春玉米种植区和黄淮海夏玉米种植区设立田间试验基地,研究除草剂异噁唑草酮·噻酮磺隆悬浮剂在不同区域玉米田播后苗前处理的杀草谱及除草效果、对玉米安全性及对下茬作物生长的影响。结果表明,26.7%异噁唑草酮·噻酮磺隆悬浮剂141.75～283.5 g ai/hm2在玉米播后苗前使用,对东北春玉米种植区主要杂草稗草、狗尾草、藜、反枝苋、苘麻、刺儿菜和黄淮海玉米种植区主要杂草马唐、牛筋草、反枝苋、马齿苋、铁苋菜等禾本科杂草和阔叶杂草均有理想效果,药后40～45 d,异噁唑草酮·噻酮磺隆上述处理对杂草鲜重防效仍在95%左右,可实现一次施药控制玉米全生长期的杂草,在玉米田具有较好的除草增产作用;对后茬播种的小麦、大豆、花生、油菜、菠菜生长无影响。     

植保无人机在蔗田化学除草上的应用效果

蔗田杂草对甘蔗产量有重要影响,为了探讨植保无人机在蔗田化学除草上的应用效果,用植保无人机(3WWDZ-10A)喷施900 g/L乙草胺乳油进行苗前封闭除草,喷施15%硝磺草酮悬浮剂与38%莠去津悬浮剂混配液进行苗后除草,调查杂草防除效果。结果表明,应用植保无人机飞喷乙草胺对单子叶杂草株防效与鲜重防效分别为88.46%、96.68%,双子叶杂草株防效与鲜重防效分别为90.16%、97.99%,总杂草的株防效和鲜重防效分别为89.66%、97.85%;飞喷硝磺草酮与莠去津混配液对单子叶杂草的株防效与鲜重防效分别为89.29%、86.31%,对双子叶杂草的株防效与鲜重防效分别为99.23%、97.03%,对总杂草的株防效与鲜重防效分别为96.84%、96.25%,防除效率49.95 min/hm^2。说明植保无人机进行蔗田杂草防除具有防除效果好、对甘蔗安全和作业效率高的优势。     

Impact of pesticide seed treatments on aphid control and yield of wheat in the Sudan

Mixtures of imidacloprid and tebuconazole, were evaluated for three consecutive growing seasons, to determine the effects on plant stand, aphid control and wheat grain yield. At rates of 1.05/0.04 and 0.7/0.04 g a.i of pesticide, respectively, per kg of seeds, plant stand per unit area increased compared with their respective untreated control. Both rates of imidacloprid efficiently controlled the maize aphid (Melanaphis maidis) and suppressed the green bug (Schizaphis graminum) for 6–8 weeks after sowing. There were substantial differences among the different treatments in the number of grains/ear and the 1000-grain weight. These differences were reflected in 90% and 30% average increase in the total grain yield of the wheat crop raised from seeds treated with the mixture relative to the corresponding untreated control and a standard mixture of lindane plus thiram, respectively. This strategy of using imidacloprid as seed dressing allowed easy application, gave adequate reliable control of aphids and less hazardous to the environment.     

四种农药及其混合使用对广陵香粳籽粒生长的影响

应用粒籽生长模型研究了稻田常用农药单剂、2种、3种及4种农药混合使用对籽粒生长的影响。方差分析表明各处理强势粒饱和生长量（K）、起始生长势（R0）、旺盛生长期干物质累积量（GT）均无显著差异。多重比较表明杀虫双675 g/hm2和4种农药高剂量处理（井冈霉素150 g/hm2+吡虫啉45 g/hm2+杀虫双675 g/hm2+三环唑300 g/hm2）的GT显著大于吡虫啉22.5 g/hm2处理,但与对照相比无显著差异。总体上3种农药单剂低剂量及其混合物对强势粒影响不大,但对弱势粒K值有极显著的影响。对照的K值大于所有处理,其中以4种农药高剂量混合使用K值最小。吡虫啉22.5 g/hm2处理及4种农药高剂量混合使用的GT显著小于对照。4种农药混合使用,特别是高剂量农药混合使用对弱势粒籽粒增重有显著的负效应。