森林生态系统的生物多样性保护问题

生物多样性的保护和可持续的利用对森林的保护与可持续经营具有特别重要的意义，生物多样性保护在森林生态系统管理中也越来越显示其重要性。讨论全球森林生态系统生物多样性保护的发展趋势及森林生态系统生物多样性保护的理论和对策，以及生物多样性指数在评价生物多样性管理的应用，提出我国生物多样性保护研究应该加强的方向。     

森林生物多样性价值会计核算研究综述

森林生物多样性价值会计核算是森林生物多样性保护与可持续利用的一项重要基础性工作.文中总结了国内外森林生物多样性价值会计核算的相关研究情况及存在的问题, 以期为进一步的理论研究及实践提供条件和依据.     

热带人工用材林研究综述*

在对速生丰产林、速生丰产用材林、工业人工林和人工用材林的概念进行辨析的基础上 ,总结了世界热带人工用材林发展的特点 ,综述了热带人工用材林在政策法规、种苗繁育、造林和经营技术、生产力和轮伐期、立地质量监测和评价、森林病虫害和生物多样性、木材材性和木材工业 7个方面的最新进展 ,最后提出了调整人工用材林发展政策 ;加强生产技术研究和产业带建设 ,提高公众参与程度 ;充分利用市场手段 ,鼓励多元投资主体 ,发展非公有制林业 3条建议以发展我国热带人工用材林产业。     

森林可持续经营问题探讨

阐述了森林可持续经营提出的背景；论述了保持森林生态系统的生产力可再生能力，维护森林生态系统健康以及保护生物多样性是森林可持续经营的三个关键因素；并提出了实现森林可持续经营主要对策。     

森林作业对森林生物多样性的影响

保护森林生物多样性是发展可持续林业的重要内容。这里阐述了森林作业对森林生物多样性的影响 ,并提出几点建议。     

遥感技术在森林树种多样性监测中的应用研究进展

树种多样性的快速、有效监测能够促进生物多样性保护与研究以及森林可持续管理。遥感技术正逐渐成为森林生物多样性大面积快速监测的新兴手段,为树种多样性空间格局信息的快速提取提供了有力保证。以数据源为线索,文中系统阐述了近年来多光谱遥感、高光谱遥感、激光雷达、微波遥感及多源遥感协同方法在树种多样性监测中的应用研究现状,并从数据源、数据平台、遥感异质性指数、数据时间特征和监测模型5个方面讨论了森林生物多样性遥感监测研究的发展趋势,旨在为生物多样性遥感监测研究提供有益启示。     

中国典型森林生态系统生物多样性评价综述

森林生物多样性是陆地生物多样性的重要组成部分,同时也为人类提供了生存的必要条件.对森林生物多样性的监测和评价是对森林生物多样性保护的重要基础.本文简要地介绍5类中国典型森林生态系统以及森林生物多样性评价指标与指标体系,并从国家和地区两个尺度对已有的森林生态系统生物多样性评价进行归纳总结.研究结果将为制定不同演替阶段针阔混交林的生物多样性评价指标体系提供借鉴和参考.     

行业新闻

热带森林状况仍不容乐 观近5年,可持续经营的热带林区扩大了50%。据2011年的热带管理状况报告（Status of Tropical Management 201 1）,2005到2010年,经营管理下的国有林面积从3 600万hm^2增加到相当于泰国的面积,5300万hm^2;初步可持续经营下的用材林增加了1/3,...     

浅谈四川森林生物多样性现状及保护策略

加强森林生物多样性的保护,对保护生物多样性具有十分重要的作用。四川地处我国西南林区的主体部份,森林资源丰厚,森林生态系统复杂,使森林生物在物种、生态系统和遗传信息等三个层次上具有丰富度与多样性。为适应我国生物多样性的保护形势及要求,对四川的森林生物多样性保护工作从八个方面探讨其策略。     

中国企业境外森林可持续经营利用指南

《中国企业境外森林可持续经营利用指南》试点工作组赴俄罗斯哈巴洛夫斯克考察2012年6月,为做好《中国企业境外森林可持续经营利用指南》(以下简称《指南》)的试点工作,帮助中国企业对照《指南》要求,科学、有序开展境外森林经营、利用和保护,由国家林业局计财司、局林产品国际贸易研究中心、世界自然基金会、黑龙江省林业厅、绥芬河市人民政府等单位有关人员组成的《指南》试点     

中国热带地区次生林经营现状和技术

文章分析了中国热带地区次生林经营相关资料,在对广东、海南、广西和云南重点热带次生林林区或典型经营区进行实地调查的基础上,分析和总结了中国热带次生林经营管理政策、经营现状和经营技术。中国的热带次生林经营在中华人民共和国成立后不久的1951年开始提出,但在20世纪50至80年代中期,主要以利用为目的,经营方式以封山育林为主。到了80年代后期,经济相对发达的地区如广东开始从木材生产为主向生态营林方向转化的大规模经营活动,自然保护区建设规模加大。1998年发生严重的洪涝之后,中央政府加强了以林业为主题的生态环境建设,热带次生林开始得到有效的保护,这一阶段的经营特点是生态建设,经营方式以政府主导的生态公益林、天然林保护等工程建设为主。经营技术除封山育林外,强调了退耕还林、提高物种的多样性和地带性乡土树种的开发利用。但是,中国的热带次生林经营始终未能走出木材利用或是生态防护的两个极端,缺乏既提高生态效益又提高经济效益、能满足生态和林区居民生存经济需求的可持续经营技术和实践。     

中国热带林资源和利用现状及2000年发展前景

中国热带林资源和利用现状及２０００年发展前景朱敏慧（中国林科院科信所,北京１０００９１）１中国热带林资源概况中国的热带林处于热带北缘,属干湿交替型的热带向干热带过渡地带,按区域划分大体可分为３个地带：（１）东部过渡性热带季雨林、雨林区,包括福建东南部...     

林冠附生植物研究综述

附生植物是热带森林中一个重要特征性组分, 也是亚热带湿性山地森林和部分温带雨林中重要的组分之一, 其在维持森林生态系统的生物多样性及其生态系统功能方面具有重要作用。文中从5个方面综述了国内外附生植物研究的历史和最新进展, 并在此基础上对附生植物的发展趋势与重点研究方向进行了展望。     

广西沿海防护林生物多样性保育功能的研究

森林对生物多样性的保育是森林最主要的生态功能之一。在全面调查和广泛收集已有资料的基础上 ,对广西沿海防护林的生物多样性保育功能进行了比较和分析。沿海地区可划分为 5大防护林类型 :1 潮间带防护林 ;2 海岸基干防护林 ;3 陆上防护林 ;4 农田林网防护林 ;5 村庄防护林。不同类型的防护林对生物多样性的保育作用存在显著差异。潮间带防护林和村庄防护林的生物多样性保育功能较强 ,前者更有利于浮游植物、浮游动物和大型底栖动物及鸟类多样性的发育 ;后者对高等植物多样性的保育作用较明显。其它防护林类型的生物多样性保育作用均不强 ,这与它们所处的生境特点、防护林规模和人为活动的影响有关     

Introduction: Working Forests in the Tropics: Policy and Market Impacts on Conservation and Management

Abstract

Tropical forests are very rich in biological diversity and form an important economic and ecological resource. This biodiversity is of great value for communities living in or near these forests as a ready source of subsistence and cash income, and for the world at large as a source of tropical timber and non-timber products and a repository of genetic and chemical information. However, this biological complexity is diminishing rapidly. We analyze the main human (anthropogenic) actions causing loss of tropical forest biodiversity along with the strategies of management for forest biodiversity. Not only is the biophysical component important in management for biodiversity, but the active participation and support of local people, national governments, and the international community as a whole are essential to effective and sustainable development of tropical forests. This development strategy ensures that socioeconomic and environmental benefits are provided for present and future generations.     

Comparison of socio-economic and ecological benefits of bamboo and trees: the perspectives of local communities in south-western Ghana

Natural forests are disappearing in many tropical countries, resulting in loss of biodiversity and erosion of forest-dependent livelihoods. The maintenance and restoration of forests as well as a search for alternative natural resources that can concurrently improve the environment and enhance incomes of local communities has become crucial. Bamboo is suggested as a resource, which could substitute trees for socio-economic and ecological purposes in developing countries in the (sub)tropics. However, the relative importance of bamboos and trees for socio-economic and ecological purposes in bamboo-growing communities is not yet studied. Here, we present a study conducted to compare the socio-economic and ecological benefits of bamboo and trees from the perspectives of three bamboo-growing communities in the Wassa East District of Ghana. The compared benefits were ranked on a five-point Likert scale and significance of differences was tested at the 95% confidence level. For socio-economic benefits, trees were ranked significantly higher than bamboo for domestic energy, medicinal use and commercial harvesting; however, furniture, building and construction were not significantly different. For ecological benefits, bamboo was ranked significantly higher than trees for erosion control and riverbank protection. Trees, on the other hand, were ranked significantly higher than bamboo for biodiversity conservation, carbon sequestration and oxygen generation. The results imply that transforming bamboo into suitable products to meet communities’ energy needs could alleviate pressure on trees in natural forests.     

A comparative analysis of spatial, temporal, and ecological characteristics of forest fires in seasonally dry tropical ecosystems in the Western Ghats, India

The Western Ghats in India is one of the 25 global hotspots of biodiversity, and it is the hotspot with the highest human density. This study considers variations in the regional fire regime that are related to vegetation type and past human disturbances in a landscape. Using a combination of remote sensing data and GIS techniques, burnt areas were delineated in three different vegetation types and various metrics of fire size were estimated. Belt transects were enumerated to assess the vegetation characteristics and fire effects in the landscape. Temporal trends suggest increasingly short fire-return intervals in the landscape. In the tropical dry deciduous forest, the mean fire-return interval is 6 years, in the tropical dry thorn forest mean fire-return interval is 10 years, and in the tropical moist deciduous forest mean fire-return interval is 20 years. Tropical dry deciduous forests burned more frequently and had the largest number of fires in any given year as well as the single largest fire (9900 ha). Seventy percent, 56%, and 30% of the tropical moist deciduous forests, tropical dry thorn forests, and tropical dry deciduous forests, respectively have not burned during the 7-year period of study. The model of fire-return interval as a function of distance from park boundary explained 63% of the spatial variation of fire-return interval in the landscape. Forest fires had significant impacts on species diversity and regeneration in the tropical dry deciduous forests. Species diversity declined by 50% and 60% in the moderate and high frequency classes, respectively compared to the low fire frequency class. Sapling density declined by ca. 30% in both moderate and high frequency classes compared to low frequency class. In tropical moist deciduous ecosystems, there were substantial declines in species diversity, tree density, seedling and sapling densities in burned forests compared to the unburned forests. In contrast forest fires in tropical dry thorn forests had a marginal positive effect on ecosystem diversity, structure, and regeneration.     

Sustaining Tropical Forest Biodiversity

Abstract

Tropical forests are very rich in biological diversity and form an important economic and ecological resource. This biodiversity is of great value for communities living in or near these forests as a ready source of subsistence and cash income, and for the world at large as a source of tropical timber and non-timber products and a repository of genetic and chemical information. However, this biological complexity is diminishing rapidly. We analyze the main human (anthropogenic) actions causing loss of tropical forest biodiversity along with the strategies of management for forest biodiversity. Not only is the biophysical component important in management for biodiversity, but the action participation and support of local people, the national government and international cooperation as a whole, arc essential for an effective and sustainable development of tropical forests. This integrated development strategy ensures that socio-economic and environmental benefits are provided for present and future generations.     

Evaluation of environmental functions of tropical forest in Kinabalu Park, Sabah, Malaysia using GIS and remote sensing techniques: Implications to forest conservation planning

Environmental functions of tropical forest can serve as criteria for forest conservation planning in the tropics. The objective of this study is to evaluate the environmental functions of tropical forest in Kinabalu Park, Sabah, Malaysia, using GIS and remote sensing techniques. Field data, statistical data, including weather data with geographic localities, maps and satellite image are collected. Linear regression models are developed for forests of different geological substrates, based on the relationships between altitude and biodiversity (Fisher’s alpha index). Biodiversity conservation function map is derived with the statistical models and a digital elevation model. Coupling with extensive literature review, an evaluation matrix for evaluating soil and water conservation functions including landslide prevention, flood prevention and drought prevention functions, is constructed. To evaluate the soil and water conservation functions, a weighted linear combination method is used with GIS layers of topography, geology, soil depth, rainfall and slope. Forest areas in Kinabalu Park are derived with land cover mapping using Landsat-TM image. Areas having high values of biodiversity conservation, flood and drought prevention functions are covered with mainly lowland rain forest. On the other hand, areas with high values of the landslide prevention function are covered with mainly subalpine forests. Using the environmental functions, a conservation index is computed to represent forests that are important to conservation. Based on theCI, the lowland rain forest receives highest priority in protection. In fact, it is located in the boundary areas of the park and thus exposed to illegal activities. This study would not be possibly accomplished without the map data as well as other data.     

双柏恐龙河州级自然保护区保护价值评价

双柏恐龙河州级自然保护区内保存有较为完整的自然生态系统,生物多样性独特而丰富。文章在阐述保护区自然资源现状的基础上,结合其特点,从自然性、典型性、多样性、稀有性、脆弱性、科研价值等方面对保护区的保护价值进行了系统、全面的分析评价,认为该保护区重要生态系统和重要物种丰富,以热带季雨林和绿孔雀、滇南苏铁等为代表的生态系统及国家重点保护野生动植物,科学研究及保护价值巨大。