补光对日光温室越冬番茄生长及产量品质的影响

以普通荧光灯为对照,采用不同光质荧光灯(红,蓝,红蓝1∶1)对日光温室内番茄进行定时补光(6:30—8:30,16:00—18:00;光照强度2 000 lx),研究不同光质补光对番茄生长、产量及品质的影响。结果表明,与对照相比,补照红光能够促进番茄植株生长;补照红光和红蓝混合光能提高番茄产量,且补照红光的增产效果最好,产量增加22.4%;可溶性糖含量以红光处理最高,可溶性蛋白、Vc和可滴定酸含量以蓝光处理最高,果实番茄红素含量在红光与红蓝混合光照射下均明显增加。综合评价,补照红光有利于促进番茄生长,提高产量和品质。     

补充不同光质对温室黄瓜生长发育、光合和前期产量的影响

 【目的】研究温室黄瓜对不同光质的反应及其反应机理。【方法】对处于弱光条件下的温室黄瓜进行补充红光（650 nm）和蓝光（450 nm）处理,以补充白光为对照,补光时间10 h（7：30－17：30）,测定不同光质对温室黄瓜生长发育、叶绿素含量、叶片光合特性和前期产量的影响。【结果】补充红光处理提高了温室黄瓜冠层日最高温度、日最低温度、株高、叶面积、叶绿素含量、叶片光合速率、干物质产量,促进同化产物向营养器官分配。蓝光处理提高了温室黄瓜叶片的比叶面积、气孔导度,促进同化产物向果实分配,提高了商品果数量和商品果总产量。【结论】补充红光和蓝光由于提高了温室黄瓜叶片的光合速率、叶面积和比叶面积,从而增加了温室黄瓜的干物质产量,补充蓝光促进了同化产物向果实分配,从而提高了产量。     

不同光质补光对温室葡萄新梢生长的影响

为探讨不同光质补光对温室葡萄生长的影响,以2年生温室盆栽‘京秀’葡萄苗为试材,从展叶开始,每天早晚各补光2 h,以不补光为对照,观测比较红光、蓝光和紫外光(UVA和UVB)处理30 d后的葡萄新梢生长状况。结果表明,不同光质补光处理均促进新梢延长生长,缩短了新梢节间长度。其中,补充红光、蓝光明显增加新梢基部粗度;补充蓝光、紫外光减小了单叶面积;红光处理明显增加了新梢总的干物质积累,而且增大了叶片干物质分配比例。     

Overhead supplemental far-red light stimulates tomato growth under intra-canopy lighting with LEDs

Far-red(FR) light regulates phytochrome-mediated morphological and physiological plant responses.This study aims to investigate how greenhouse tomato morphology and production response to different durations of FR light during daytime and at the end of day(EOD).High-wire tomato plants were grown under intra-canopy lighting consisting of red(peak wavelength at 640 nm) and blue(peak wavelength at 450 nm) light-emitting diodes(LEDs) with photosynthetic photon flux density(PPFD) of 144 μmol m–2 s–1 at 10 cm away from the lamps,and combined with overhead supplemental FR light(peak wavelength at 735 nm) with PPFD of 43 μmol m–2 s–1 at 20 cm below the lamps.Plants were exposed to three durations of FR supplemental lighting including: 06:00–18:00(FR12),18:00–19:30(EOD-FR1.5),18:00–18:30(EOD-FR0.5),and control that without supplemental FR light.The results showed that supplemental FR light significantly stimulated stem elongation thereby resulting in longer plants compared with the control.Moreover,FR light altered leaf morphology toward higher leaf length/width ratio and larger leaf area.The altered plant architecture in FR supplemented plants led to a more homogeneous light distribution inside the canopy.Total plant biomass was increased by 9–16% under supplemental FR light in comparison with control,which led to 7–12% increase in ripe fruit yield.Soluble sugar content of the ripe tomato fruit was slightly decreased by longer exposure of the plants to FR light.Dry matter partitioning to different plant organs were not substantially affected by the FR light treatments.No significant differences were observed among the three FR light treatments in plant morphology as well as yield and biomass production.We conclude that under intra-canopy lighting,overhead supplemental FR light stimulates tomato growth and production.And supplementary of EOD-FR0.5 is more favorable,as it consumes less electricity but induces similar effects on plant morphology and yield.     

不同光质补光处理对郁金香生长和开花的影响

笔者为调节冬季温室栽培郁金香的花期,采用白光、UVB、UVA、蓝光和红光等光质对郁金香进行补光处理,探讨不同光质对郁金香生长和开花的影响。结果表明:不同光质补光对郁金香花朵形态无明显影响,但除白光外,其他补光处理均提早开花并提高开花整齐度,红光和蓝光明显促进郁金香植株干物质向花朵分配的比例。     

Effect of Light Quality on Tomato Fruit Qualities in Turning-Color Period

就不同光质对番茄果实转色期品质变化的影响,以各色荧光灯为光源,在人工控光条件下进行了探究。结果表明.在转色期间不同处理番茄果实的可溶性糖和有机酸含量均于处理后8-10d达最高,而Vc和番茄红素于处理后12d达最大。但不同光质处理间差异明显,红光处理8d后果实可溶性糖含量达到最高,处理后8-10dVc和番茄红素含量大幅度增加,成熟期比对照(白光)提前2d;红光和蓝光处理均提高了果实的可溶性糖及有机酸含量。各处理Vc含量以蓝光处理为最高,达123.7mg/kg(Fw),显著高于对照。番茄红素含量以红光处理最高,为89.6mg/kg(Fw)。黄光与对照之间差异不显著。绿光处理使番茄果实品质下降。     

Metabolomic and transcriptomic analysis reveals the molecular mechanism by which blue light promotes lutein synthesis in strawberry

Carotenoids are an important component of the human diet, and fruit is a primary source of carotenoids. The synthesis and regulation of carotenoids in fruit are important contributors to the formation of fruit quality. In China, strawberry is one of the main seasonal fruits grown in the winter. Previous studies have shown that light has a significant effect on the metabolism of anthocyanins, sugars, and polyphenols in strawberry. However, the understanding of the role of light in regulating the metabolism of carotenoids in strawberry remains limited. This study investigated the effects of blue, red, yellow-green, and white light on carotenoid metabolism in strawberry. Blue light treatment promoted the synthesis of multiple carotenoids, including lutein, compared with the other three treatment groups. The RNA sequencing data revealed that blue light treatment promoted the expression of lycopene ε-cyclase (LCYE), and the transient overexpression of LCYE in strawberry fruit promoted lutein accumulation in strawberry. Overall, the results suggest that blue light can promote the synthesis of lutein in strawberry by inducing the expression of LCYE.     

亚低温胁迫下补光对番茄幼苗生长及光合性能的影响

【目的】研究亚低温逆境胁迫下,补光对番茄幼苗生长发育及光合性能等生理指标的影响,分析亚低温胁迫下番茄幼苗对补光的生理响应,为亚低温胁迫下培育番茄壮苗提供理论依据和技术支撑。【方法】以番茄Money maker为材料,利用改良Hoagland营养液定期定量灌溉,采用白∶蓝为2∶1的复合光于亚低温胁迫条件下(昼15℃/8夜℃)对番茄叶片补光,共设置4个处理:正常温度处理(CK)、正常温度补光处理(CK+USL)、亚低温胁迫处理(LT)和亚低温胁迫补光处理(LT+USL)。【结果】与亚低温胁迫相比,亚低温补光后,番茄植株株高、茎粗分别显著增加24.92%和4.58%,叶、茎、根鲜重及总鲜重分别显著增加了24.71%、23.68%、31.01%和25.23%;番茄幼苗总根长、根系表面积、根系体积及投影面积分别显著增加了25.73%、29.31%、25.93%和14.22%;叶片净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)及蒸腾速率(Tr)分别增加85.77%、19.09%和44.59%,而胞间二氧化碳浓度(Ci)降低15.60%。【结论】亚低温胁迫条件下,叶背面补光可以显著改善番茄幼苗的生长及光合性能,促进番茄幼苗的健壮生长。     

不同LED补光对5种垂直绿化植物光合特性及生长的影响

[目的]为解决植物在寡照的室内环境生长不良的问题.[方法]研究不同LED补光处理对5种垂直绿化植物光合特性及生长的影响,比较叶绿素含量、光合速率、存活率3项指标.[结果]补光处理能提高这5种植物的叶绿素含量、光合速率、存活率.与普通日光灯相比,LED灯补光处理能明显提高花叶良姜、吊竹梅、金苞花、龙船花内的叶绿素含量以及光合速率;LED 3（红/蓝/黄=7∶1∶1）补光处理显著提高花叶良姜的叶绿素含量,LED 1（红/蓝=7∶2）补光处理显著提高金苞花存活率.[结论]LED灯补光有助于这5种垂直绿化植物的生长,为LED灯用于室内垂直绿化的植物墙补光提供了数据参考.     

不同叶背补光模式对戈壁温室番茄品质的影响

【目的】研究南疆戈壁日光温室内不同叶背补光模式对番茄果实品质的影响,以获得适合该地区设施番茄生产的经济最适补光模式。【方法】 以NS3389番茄作为材料,LED为补光光源,于08:00~22:00期间内,以无补光处理为空白对照(CK),并设置3种叶背补光模式:T₁,100 μmol/(m²·s)持续补光;T₂,揭帘之前与盖帘之后200 μmol/(m²·s)间歇补光;T₃,揭帘后室内光强低于150 μmol/(m²·s)时按照100 μmol/(m²·s)自动补光。【结果】 T₂和T₃下番茄果实的可溶性固形物含量、总酸含量以及糖酸比均高于其他处理;T₂处理下番茄果实中可溶性蛋白、抗坏血酸(VC)、番茄红素和挥发性物质含量最高。【结论】 揭帘前后的适度高光强补光模式(T₂处理)较适合南疆地区戈壁温室高品质番茄生产。     

番茄成熟果实中的番茄红素

本文综述了成熟番茄果实中的番茄红素的生物合成,影响合成的因子。并列举了我国当前罐藏番茄品种的番茄红素含量情况。     

Effects of different LED light wavelengths on the resistance of tomato against Botrytis cinerea and the corresponding physiological mechanisms

New types of light-emitting diode(LED) sources were applied to irradiate Botrytis cinerea mycelium and tomato leaves that were inoculated with 6.cinerea to assess the effect of different LED light wavelengths on the infection of tomato with6.cinerea,to determine the optimum light wavelengths to control 6.cinerea,and to explore the mechanism of LED influence on the development of gray mold.The results showed that purple light and blue light irradiation significantly inhibited the growth of 6.cinerea mycelium,and the inhibition rates were 22.3 and 15.16%,respectively,and purple light exhibited a better inhibitory effect than blue light.The lesion development of 6.cinerea on tomato leaves was significantly inhibited upon irradiation with red and purple light with inhibition rates of 32.08 and 36.74%,respectively.Irradiation with red light inhibited the oxidative burst of superoxide anion(O_2~-) that was caused by infection with 6.cinerea,and red light regulated the H_2O_2 content in the tomato leaf,which increased and rapidly returned to a lower level.In addition,red light irradiation improved the activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD),catalase(CAT) and peroxidase(POD) in tomato leaves.However,purple light irradiation did not make tomato leaves exhibit this kind of physiological response.Therefore,red light and purple light can suppress gray mold in tomatoes,but the disease suppression mechanisms of these two types of LED light are different.In general,red light suppresses gray mold primarily by regulating the tomato defense mechanism for disease,whereas the suppression of tomato gray mold by purple light can be partially explained by the photo-inhibition of 6.cinerea.     

番茄果实中番茄红素含量与主要数量性状相关性及通径分析

试验对由高色素番茄和加工番茄配制的15个杂交组合的11个主要数量性状与番茄红素含量进行相关性及通径分析.结果表明,果实横径和心室数与番茄红素含量呈极显著负相关;果实纵径和单果重与番茄红素含量呈显著性负相关;单序果数与番茄红素含量呈显著性正相关.果实横径、心室数和单果重对番茄红素含量的直接通经系数与遗传相关系数方向相同,...     

不同光质对番茄穴盘苗质量的影响

以番茄为材料, 研究了由红(R)、白(W)、蓝(B)三种单色荧光灯的不同光质组合(6W、2W4R、2W3R1B、2W2R2B和2W1R3B)对番茄穴盘苗形态指标和生理指标的影响。结果表明,2W2R2B光质组合的番茄穴盘苗株高最低,茎粗最粗;而2W4R和2W3R1B光质组合的植株干重、壮苗指数、 叶绿素含量和可溶性糖含量显著高于其他处理,说明苗期在白光的基础上补充一定量的红光或红光与蓝光组合更有利于培育壮苗。     

番茄果实色泽与色素组成的关系

以不同果色的番茄品种为材料,采用HPLC法测定番茄果实中主要类胡萝卜素含量,用分光光度计法测定番茄果实中的叶绿素含量,分析了番茄果实色素提取液可见光区(350～700nm)吸收光谱,探讨了番茄果实色泽与色素组成和含量的关系,以期丰富番茄品质形成基础理论。结果表明:红果番茄中番茄红素含量较高,L402和利生8号的番茄红素含量分别为36.0、33.3μg/g,黄色类胡萝卜素(β-胡萝卜素和叶黄素)与红色类胡萝卜素(番茄红素)含量比值分别为0.19和0.24,是果实表现红色的主要原因;黄果番茄中黄色类胡萝卜素含量较高,金冠中的β-胡萝卜素和叶黄素分别为0.9、1.0μg/g,黄色类胡萝卜素与红色类胡萝卜素比值为0.73;绿果番茄果实中叶绿素含量达到11.4μg/g,占色素含量的71.7%。红棕果番茄果实同时含有大量番茄红素、较多量的叶绿素和黄色类胡萝卜素是果实呈现深暗红棕色的主要原因。番茄果实的色泽主要取决于果实内各种色素的组成、含量及比值。     

不同光谱能量分布对番茄幼苗生长发育的影响#br#

 【目的】探讨不同光谱能量分布对番茄幼苗生长发育的影响,为番茄工厂化育苗的光环境调控提供理论依据。【方法】采用LED调制并获取6种不同光谱能量分布的光源,以镝灯为对照,在AGRI-LED植物培养系统内培育番茄幼苗,其它环境因子保持一致。在幼苗期测定植株株高、茎粗、叶面积等形态指标以及根系活力、糖氮物质、叶片抗氧化酶活性等生理指标,并观察叶片下表皮气孔特性。【结果】蓝光、红蓝光组合及红蓝绿光组合处理的幼苗植株矮壮、比叶面积小,根冠比及壮苗指数高,红光处理与之相反。复合光谱有利于幼苗的生长和形态建成;单一红光、黄光或绿光处理引起幼苗徒长,添加蓝光能够抑制这种效应。蓝光处理的幼苗总可溶性糖、总游离氨基酸含量以及干样质量均显著高于其它处理;红蓝绿光组合处理的幼苗根系活力、总淀粉含量最高;红蓝光组合处理的叶片光合速率及可溶性蛋白含量最高而且有利于糖氮物质在叶、茎、根中的均衡分布。蓝光、红蓝光组合、红蓝绿光组合处理的幼苗叶片的气孔密度较高,气孔面积及单位叶面积气孔面积较大;黄光处理的幼苗总的蔗糖含量虽然较高,但其它各项指标都较小,不利于幼苗生长发育。【结论】蓝光、红蓝组合光及红蓝绿组合光有利于樱桃番茄幼苗的生长发育并能降低能耗成本。     

不同LED补光时间对日光温室番茄生长发育及光合特性的影响

【目的】分析LED补光时长对番茄生长发育及光合特性影响,研究新疆地区越冬季节日光温室番茄最佳补光时长。【方法】以番茄品种天粉1号材料,以日光温室保温被揭盖时间为基准,比较不同补光时间处理番茄生长发育、光合特性、果实品质和产量等指标。【结果】保温被盖后/揭前补光2 h/4 h、4 h/2 h、6 h/0 h、4 h/0 h有利于番茄株高和茎粗(4 h/2 h)生长;保温被盖后/揭前补光4 h/2 h、6 h/0 h处理叶片光合特性明显增强,番茄果实产量显著高于对照;番茄果实果实VC和番茄红素含量以盖后/揭前6 h/0 h和4 h/0 h为最佳。【结论】综合番茄生长、植株干鲜重、光合特性、果实品质和产量等因素,保温被盖后/揭前补光4～6 h为新疆乌鲁木齐周边地区日光温室越冬茬番茄适宜的补光时长。     

用色差仪法定量分析番茄果实番茄红素的含量

为了建立一种快速准确、无损测定番茄红素含量的方法,利用色差仪测得红色和橙色果实番茄品种的L、a、b值,并采用比色法测定果实番茄红素的含量。根据L、a、b值获得a/b、(a/b)2、色度值、色调值和色光值,再分析这5个颜色系数与果实番茄红素含量间的相关性。结果表明,红色果实的番茄红素含量与a/b间的相关性最大,橙色果实的番茄红素含量与(a/b)2间的相关性最大。据此分别建立了红色和橙色果实番茄红素含量与最佳颜色系数间的回归方程。经过验证,所建立的回归方程对番茄红素含量的估测值与实际测定值之间差异不显著。     

不同光质对黄瓜幼苗生理生化特性的影响

为提高黄瓜(Cucumis sativus L.)育苗质量,研究了光质对黄瓜幼苗生理生化特性的影响。以津研4号黄瓜为试验材料,以日光灯(白光)为对照,研究了LED红光(R)、蓝光(B)和红蓝复合光(RB,R∶B=1∶1)对黄瓜幼苗生理生化特性的影响。结果表明,红蓝复合光提高了黄瓜幼苗可溶性蛋白质的含量,红光和蓝光处理与对照差异不显著;红光提高了黄瓜幼苗可溶性糖含量,蓝光和红蓝复合光处理的可溶性糖含量与对照差异不显著;蓝光显著提高了黄瓜幼苗维生素C含量,而红光和红蓝复合光降低了维生素C含量;红蓝复合光显著提高了黄瓜幼苗超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性;红光、蓝光和红蓝复合光显著降低了黄瓜幼苗过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性。