刺嫩芽采集加工过程中多酚氧化酶活性研究

以邻苯二酚为底物,采用分光光度法对采集的刺嫩芽鲜样及加工过程中各阶段的刺嫩芽产品进行多酚氧化酶（PP0）活性进行测定,测定结果是：刺嫩芽样品在同样温度及pH值条件下不同的腌制时间对多酚氧化酶活性大小有一定的影响,刺嫩芽由鲜样（样品1）至盐溃后期样品（样品2、样品3）的多酚氧化酶活性分别是：108．142U／g·min、31．714U／g·min、15．428U／g·min。酶活力单位定义为：在一定温度、pH值条件下1mmol／L底物浓度每分钟改变0．01吸光度所需的酶量为1个酶活力单位。     

刺嫩芽加工过程中类胡萝卜素的变化

选择刺嫩芽采集后24h内的鲜样、盐渍初期、盐渍中期和盐渍后期的样本分别进行处理,采用分光光度法测定其类胡萝卜素含量,通过实验得到相关数据,对数据进行分析得出结论：刺嫩芽加工过程中类胡萝卜素含量分别是68.2、35.1、24.1、16.3mg/g。     

刺嫩芽加工过程中维生素C的变化

选择刺嫩芽采集后24h内的鲜样、盐渍初期、盐渍中期和盐渍后期的样本分别进行处理，采用二甲苯萃取比色法测定维生素C含量，通过实验得到相关数据，对数据进行分析得出结论：刺嫩芽加工过程中维生素C含量分别是11．6mg／100g、8．6mg／100g、7．2mg／100g、4．6mg／100g。     

蕨菜盐渍过程中不同时间类胡萝卜素的变化

选择蕨菜采集后24h内的鲜样、盐渍初期、盐渍中期和盐渍后期的样本分别进行处理,采用＂分光光度法＂测定其类胡萝卜素含量,通过实验得到相关数据,对数据进行分析得出结论：蕨菜加工过程中类胡萝卜素含量分别是64.3mg/g、51.0mg/g、30.6mg/g、18.0mg/g。     

蕨菜盐渍过程中不同时间维生素C的变化

选择蕨菜采集后24h内的鲜样、盐渍初期、盐渍中期和盐渍后期的样本分别进行处理,采用二甲苯萃取比色法测定维生素C含量,通过实验得到相关数据,对数据进行分析得出结论：蕨菜加工过程中维生素C含量分别是13.7 mg/100g9、.5 mg/100g7、.9 mg/100g、4.6 mg/100g。     

龙牙楤木叶绿素性质的研究

采用化学定量分析方法,对龙牙楤木俗名刺嫩芽叶绿素的性质进行了研究,研究结果表明刺嫩芽叶绿素总含量为0.3691mg/g。叶绿素对光、热、酸性介质均不稳定,易产生降解现象;在散射光环境中,降解速度随时间延长和温度升高而加快;在pH值6～7时的中性条件下最稳定,在pH值3～4的酸性条件下,叶绿素易降解。     

龙牙Song木叶绿素性质的研究

采用化学定量分析方法，对龙牙Song木（俗名刺嫩芽）叶绿素的性质进行了研究，研究结果表明刺嫩芽叶绿素总含量为0．3691mg/g。叶绿素对光、热、酸性介质均不稳定，易产生降解现象；在散射光环境中，降解速度随时间延长和温度升高而加快；在pH值6－7时的中性条件下最稳定，在pH值3－4的酸性条件下，叶绿素易降解。     

刺嫩芽加工过程中超氧化物歧化酶活性的变化

选择刺嫩芽采集后24h内的鲜样、盐渍初期、盐渍中期和盐渍后期的样本分别进行处理,采用氮蓝四唑（NBT）法测定超氧物歧化酶（SOD）活力,通过实验得到相关数据,对数据进行分析得出结论：刺嫩芽加工过程中超氧物歧化酶（SOD）活力分别是12960.9、8815.9、6526.8、9063.4。     

新鲜蕨菜与腌制蕨菜的营养成分分析

蕨菜因其具有丰富的营养和药用价值,在林区和山区储量丰富,深受人们的青睐。为了解腌制蕨菜中主要营养成分的变化情况,测定新鲜蕨菜和腌制蕨菜的蛋白质、粗纤维、维生素C等营养成分的含量,分析了新鲜蕨菜与腌制蕨菜的主要营养成分。结果表明:新鲜蕨菜营养成分含量丰富,具有很大的开发利用价值;而腌制蕨菜的营养成分略有变化,其中蛋白质、粗纤维、维生素C、灰分等含量相应有所减少。     

不同营养元素对紫丁香生理活性物质含量的影响

通过研究不同营养元素对紫丁香叶片内生理活性物质含量的影响规律,为园林养护中科学追肥提供理论依据。试验在田间条件下,设置对照(Y1)、氮(Y2)、氮磷(Y3)、氮磷钾(Y4)、氮磷钾铁锰(Y5)5个处理,3次重复。结果表明:8-9月Y5叶绿素含量比对照提高了53.45%、95.45%,Y4与Y5之间无显著差异;7-8月Y5类胡萝卜素含量分别高于对照0.33mg/g、0.30mg/g,Y4显著低于Y5;5-9月Y5MDA含量分别比对照降低了2.02umol/g、1.05umol/g、1.92umol/g、3.58umol/g、2.18umol/g,Y3、Y4显著高于Y5;5月所有营养元素不会对ABA含量产生显著影响,6-9月Y5分别低于对照1.33ng/g、0.26ng/g、6.52ng/g、9.00ng/g。综合分析认为,Y5对改善紫丁香营养状况和协调生理活性物质含量效果最佳。     

油茶新造林追肥试验

为保证新造油茶林营养的及时补充,促进树体生长,对油茶新造林进行了追肥试验,结果表明:施肥能显著促进新造林植株生长,提高叶片叶绿素和可溶性糖的含量;施肥处理的抽新梢率和平均新梢数分别为83.3%和3.8,分别比对照高31.6%和47.0%;施肥处理叶片的叶绿素和可溶性糖含量显著高于对照,分别达5.43 mg/g和39.98 mg/g;不同品种油茶苗造林后施肥效果不同,其中‘湘林67’的施肥生长效果最好;施肥有利于促进容器苗新梢的生长,增加新梢叶片叶绿素及内含物的含量,但对裸根苗造林植株的生长有一定的抑制作用。     

Indole 3-acetic acid concentration in the leading shoot and living stem bark of Scots pine: seasonal variation and effects of pruning

Seasonal changes in the concentration of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) in the leading shoot and in the live tissue external to the xylem (living bark) of 2-3 m tall Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) trees were observed over a period of three years. Both the leading shoot and the living bark showed a consistent pattern of seasonal variation in IAA content, with maxima of about 150 and 350 ng g(-1) (fresh weight), respectively. The IAA concentration in both tissues increased in late June at the time of shoot growth termination, decreased from late August, and by October reached a low value, which was maintained throughout the winter. Excision of current year shoots on the upper branches decreased the annual stem diameter increment without affecting the concentration of IAA in the living bark. However, excising the leading shoot, or girdling the mainstem beneath the leading shoot, caused a substantial reduction in the IAA content of the living stem bark.     

日本核用银杏枝叶生长及黄酮变化规律的研究

为 给银杏引 种和产 业化生产 提 供科 学依 据， 采用 日 本的 藤九 郎、 金兵 卫、 黄金 丸 和岭南４ 个大果 银杏的 标准 枝 和标 准 叶， 对 其 枝 叶生 产 及 黄硐 变 化规 律 进 行了 研 究。 结 果证 明，新梢长、 叶数 枝、叶柄 长、叶长 、叶 宽、 单叶 面 积、 单叶 干 重和 鲜 重 的年 变 化呈 Ｓ 型曲 线；新梢长 和叶数 枝分别 在７ 月４ 日和６ 月１４ 日达最 大值， 而 干重在７ 月底 达最 大值。 芽内 黄酮含量＞ 刚刚展开 的嫩叶 ＞ 成熟叶 ＞ 黄叶 ； ６ 月 初叶 内黄 酮含 量 下降 到原 初 的４０９ ％ ， 到１１ 月１６ 日又回升 到３０４ ％ ； 叶内黄酮 含量与 叶位及 叶龄 有关； 新梢 上部 叶及 幼 龄叶 单叶 面 积、干重、鲜 重低于下 部叶及老 龄叶， 但 黄酮含 量恰好相 反。     

Interference of bracken (Pteridium aquilinum L. Kuhn) with Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst.) seedling establishment

The nature of interference of bracken with Scots pine and Norway spruce seedling establishment was considered in three field experiments. In a seeding experiment, it was found that Scots pine germination was highest on exposed mineral soil and lowest when intact bracken litter and humus were present, suggesting adverse effects of litter and humus on pine regeneration probably due to phytotoxicity. In a second experiment, smothering by bracken caused high mortality of Scots pine seedlings while Norway spruce seedlings were relatively unaffected. Mortality for both Scots pine and Norway spruce seedlings was low when planted in a adjacent Scots pine-bilberry stand with no bracken. Annual shoot growth of Norway spruce was higher in bracken than in Scots pine-bilberry vegetation while no differences in shoot growth between these two vegetation types occurred for Scots pine. In a third experiment, activated carbon was added to the ground under Norway spruce seedlings planted in bracken to adsorb possible phytotoxic compounds released by bracken. The addition of carbon had no effect on seedling mortality or growth rate, indicating that the seedlings were not susceptible to allelochemicals released by bracken. Since large Norway spruce seedlings were relatively unaffected by bracken interference in this study, artificial regeneration with containerized Norway spruce seedlings is suggested to achieve an acceptable conifer tree establishment on clear-cuts invaded by bracken.     

腌制竹笋品质研究

竹笋腌制是我国传统竹产品加工方法之一。近年来,降低含盐量,及变腌干笋为及食、休闲、风味食品,在大中城市和国际市场需求中有上升的趋势,但这类产品货架期寿命、夏季高温导致质量难以控制等系列问题已经成为研究者和商家关注的焦点。就腌制及品质通过正交实验和方差分析,结果表明:新鲜竹笋氨基酸种类和含量丰富,腌制后氨基酸种类及含量均有变化:种类增加、含量减少;含盐量对腌制竹笋中的黄酮、粗纤维和氨基酸含量有很大影响;以总黄酮、粗纤维、氨基酸含量作为产品质量考察指标,竹笋腌制的最优组合为A1B3(含盐量为25％,有笋衣);竹笋腌制过程中的变色可能与氨基酸分子中羟基变性有关;竹笋腌制后氨基酸种类增加与竹笋蛋白质变性及腌制中微生物有关。     

Nursery practice on seed germination and seedling growth of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Dalbergia sissoo</Emphasis> using beneficial microbial inoculants

Nursery practice using microbial inoculants was performed to find out the efficacy of the inoculants on seed germination and seedling growth of sissoo (Dalbergia sissoo Roxb.). Microbial inoculants or effective microorganisms (EM) are a mixture of many different beneficial microorganisms in a solution. The seedlings were grown in a mixture of sandy soil and cowdung (3:1) kept in polybags with pouring EM solution at different concentrations (0.1%, 0.5%, 1%, 2%, 5% and 10%) before and after a week of sowing the seeds. Seed germination rate and growth parameters of seedlings were measured, such as, shoot and root length, vigor index, fresh and dry weight of shoot and root and total biomass increment. The nodulation status influenced by EM was also observed along with the measurement of pigment contents in leaves. The highest germination rate (69%) was observed in 2% EM treatment, followed by 67% and 65% in 1% and 5% EM. The highest shoot length (33.2 cm) was in 2% EM, whereas highest root length (26.3 cm) was in 1% EM. Both fresh and dry weights from shoot and root, were maximum (4.16 g and 1.57 g; 2.12 g and 0.83 g respectively) in 2% EM and were significantly (p ≤ 0.05) different from control. Vigor index was highest (4071) in 2% EM, which was significantly (p ≤ 0.05) different from control. Total dry weight increment was highest in 2% EM treatment, followed by 1% and 5% concentrations of EM. Nodulation number was higher at very low (0.1%) concentration of EM solution but it normally decreased with the increase of EM concentrations. The contents of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoid were highest (60.11, 17.05 and 42.48 mg·L⁻¹ respectively) in 2% EM treatment and lowest (39.35, 13.55 and 27.29 mg·L⁻¹ respectively) in control treatment. Therefore, low concentration of EM (up to 2%) can be used for getting maximum seed germination rate and seedling development of Dalbergia sissoo Roxb.     

盐胁迫对木槿属两个外来种质生长及叶绿素含量影响

采用盆栽试验,研究了不同质量分数的NaCl胁迫对木槿属两个新引进植物Hibiscus‘Moy grande’、H.dasycalyx高生长、干物质量、根冠比及叶绿素含量变化等指标的影响。结果表明:4 g/kg盐处理水平时,两种材料的高生长量均与对照无显著差异,H.‘Moy grande’的干物质量积累较对照略有下降,H.dasycalyx干物质量积累则受到显著抑制(P﹤0.05);根冠比测定数据表明盐胁迫对两种材料地上部分的生长抑制强于对根系生长的抑制;盐胁迫下两种材料叶绿素a、叶绿素b含量变化趋势与单位质量叶片叶绿素含量的变化相似,均有不同程度的升高。生长指标分析结果表明H.‘Moy grande’对NaCl胁迫的抗性强于H.dasycalyx。     

Effects of Culture Media and Light Intensity on in vitro Growth of Oncidium under CO2 Enrichment Condition

The effects of culture media and light intensity on in vitro growth of Oncidium ‘Aloha Iwanga‘ were investigated under CO2 enrichment condition. Height, fresh and dry weight of the Oncidium seedlings were measured, and the leaf number per plant, shoot number per plant, leaf width and leaf chlorophyll content were also investigated. The results were as follows: 1) The seedling height, fresh and dry weight, leaf number per plant, leaf width and leaf chlorophyll content of the shoots growing on MS complete culture medium were higher than those on 1/2MS, VW and 1/2VW media. The root number per plant and ratio of dry matter of the seedlings cultured on 1/2MS and 1/2VW media were higher than those on MS and VW; 2) The seedling height, flesh weight, dry weight, dry matter ratio and leaf chlorophyll content, leaf length, leaf width, root length, leaf number per plant, root number per plant of seedlings of Oncidium growing under 4 500 lx and 1 700 lx were higher than those under 750 lx. However, there was no significant difference in those growth parameters mentioned above while dealing with 4 500 lx and 1 700 lx except for the seedling height. Nevertheless, the leaf color of plants under 4 500 lx was lighter and the leaves of the lower parts became yellowish in comparison with those growing under 1 700 lx.     

海岸植物许树耐盐生物学初探

通过对许树叶主要矿质元素的积累、叶片形态结构和叶绿素含量的研究发现:①许树叶片气孔频度由淡水培育时的163.5个.mm-2减少至盐水培育的115.7个.mm-2,其减少幅度约30%,以此减少水分的蒸腾而适应其盐境;同时也减少了一些依靠蒸腾力而被动吸收的无机盐在叶中的积累,如Ca2+减少了约61.3%。②许树叶子积累较高的Na、Cl,在盐水条件下叶子积累的Na与Cl分别为3.74%和1.277%,是淡水条件下叶子积累的Na、Cl的19.7倍、1.2倍。③淡水培育的许树叶含有较高的叶绿素,其Ca、Cb与Ca+b分别为10.213 mg.g-1干重、3.474 mg.g-1干重和13.684 mg.g-1干重,与淡土植物大青叶的叶绿素含量相当;盐水条件下,许树成熟叶片的叶绿素含量明显减少,其Ca、Cb与Ca+b比淡水条件下许树叶片的分别减少了53.75%、44.35%和51.37%;但为了适应强光照的阳生生境,Ca/Cb仍为2.44,表现出其对环境的适应。     

毛竹笋,材加工剩余物的饲用价值

对毛竹笋、材加工剩余物作为反刍动物饲料的营养价值进行研究表明，竹笋加工剩余物营养价值较高，可直接或经适当处理后用作饲料，竹材加工剩余物因蛋白质含量低，木质素含量高，直接作为饲料的营养价值不及作物秸秆。由于竹材加工剩余物中含有３／４的碳水化合物，故具有作为反刍动物饲料的潜在价值。对竹材加工剩余物进行氨化处理，可明显提高粗蛋白含量，并使质地变得松软，而竹材加工过程中的高温蒸煮、切削加工和烘干处理等，可破坏其细胞壁，使碎料膨松柔软，降低了粗纤维含量，作为食物纤维素定量的ＮＤＦ、ＡＤＦ和木质素值均有不同程度下降。