16种野豌豆属植物花粉形态的扫描电镜观察

野豌豆属牧草适宜在高寒和高海拔地区栽培,是我国高原牧区重要的蛋白饲料来源。该属有190个物种,4个亚属:Vicia,Cracca,Ervum和Faba。本研究从中国、美国、土耳其和叙利亚等11个国家收集了16份野豌豆属牧草种质,利用扫描电镜对这16份材料的花粉形态进行观察。结果表明,野豌豆属植物花粉均以单粒形式存在,极面观为三裂圆形和三角形,赤道面观为扁圆形、长椭圆形和椭圆形。三沟萌发孔,沟长深入两端;极轴长为(9.60±1.52)(30.40±2.07) μm,赤道轴长为(11.80±0.84)(38.20±0.84) μm。花粉的表面纹饰呈3种类型:网状纹饰,脑状纹饰和疣状纹饰。网状纹饰根据外壁纹饰疏松程度不同,又可分为2种亚类型:粗网状纹饰和细网状纹饰。本研究较为系统地观察了16个野豌豆属牧草的花粉形态,探讨了其系统分类学特性,为揭示野豌豆属种质资源的遗传多样性奠定了基础。     

贵州几种野豌豆属植物的核型研究

对贵州广布野豌豆、小巢菜、四籽野豌豆、黑荚野豌豆四种牧草的核型进行的研究结果表明，广布野豌豆、小巢菜、四籽野豌豆的染色体数目为2n=12，属于较为进化的类群，而黑荚野豌豆的染色体数目为2n=14，为较原始的类群。     

28个中国紫苏属种质资源的染色体核型分析

为了探明我国紫苏属（Perilla Linn.）植物的染色体特点,本研究采用常规压片法对我国紫苏属的28份材料的染色体核型进行分析研究。结果表明：供试的28份紫苏属材料,染色体基数均为x=20,其中3个为四倍体,2n=80,其余25份皆为二倍体,2n=40;28份材料中均有发现至少一个随体,染色体类型包含m,sm,st 3种,核型有2A,3A,2B,3B 4个类型,最长染色体/最短染色体值1.50~2.80,臂比大于2的染色体占染色体总数的百分比为10%~65%,核型不对称系数59.69%~68.52%;通过核型分析,回回苏和多倍体紫苏类型可能具有更高的进化地位,而野生紫苏与之相反。这些数据表明了我国紫苏属植物资源在细胞学方面具有较为丰富的多样性,同时本研究也对我国紫苏属植物的分类、鉴定等提供了理论参考。     

贵州野豌豆属植物的核型研究

对贵州窄叶野豌豆，广布野豌豆，光叶紫花苕和救荒野豌豆４种野豌豆及其种下不同类元的核型进行了研究，结果表明，广布野豌豆和光叶紫药苕的染色体数目为２ｎ＝１４，属于较为原始的类群，窄叶野豌豆和救荒野豌豆的染色体数目２ｎ＝１２，属于较进化的类群，窄叶野豌豆和救野荒豌豆下类元的核型研究表明，种下类元间的核型差异明显，并对野豌豆属核型的趋势作进行了探讨。     

中间偃麦草染色体核型及C-带带型的分析比较

为比较确定偃麦草属植物种质材料间的亲缘关系和进化程度,以3份不同来源的中间偃麦草(Elytrigia in-termedia(Host)Nevski)种质材料为研究对象,分别进行染色体核型及C-带带型的分析。结果表明:3份中间偃麦草种质材料均为四倍体,其中EI015的细胞染色体核型公式为2n=4x=28=2M+10m+16sm,但不显带;EI021的染色体核型公式为2n=4x=28=4M+22m(SAT)+2sm,而带型公式为2n=4x=28=5C+2CT₊+2CT⁺+4T⁺+2T₊+1CS₊+12;EI038的染色体核型公式为2n=4x=28=4M+12m+12sm(SAT),带型公式为2n=4x=28=2S₊+4T₊+1CT₊+1T⁺+20,3份种质材料染色体不对称性均属2A型。综合比较染色体核型及带型变化,EI021染色体核型特征与EI015、EI038相差明显,EI015与EI038染色体核型比较相近,但EI015与EI038在带型特征上存在明显差异,说明各种质材料间亲缘关系较远,并且染色体带型分析能够更加客观地反映染色体变化。     

新疆豆科野生优良牧草种质资源搜集及筛选

对新疆不同区域不同生境的野生牧草资源进行调查与搜集。采集到豆科82份,35种,筛选出苜蓿属、野豌豆属、黄耆属、岩黄芪属等的部分牧草,适口性好、营养价值高、抗性强,可作为牧草品种改良、引种栽培等重要的种质资源材料。     

20份野豌豆种质的农艺性状、产量和品质

为评价野豌豆属(Vicia)种质资源农艺性状、产量及品质,开发和利用野豌豆属种质资源,本研究以收集的7份窄叶野豌豆和13份救荒野豌豆种质材料为研究对象,测定关键农艺性状、产量和营养成分,并采用遗传变异分析、相关性分析、聚类分析以及隶属函数分析对20份野豌豆种质材料进行分析和综合评价。结果表明,20份野豌豆种质材料农艺性状遗传多样性丰富,变异系数范围为5.08%～25.93%,平均变异系数为16.62%,其中,变异系数最大的是茎叶比和复叶宽,分别为25.93%和21.66%。W20鲜草和干草产量最高,分别为23 241.67和3 044.45 kg·hm-2。W7粗蛋白含量最高,达27.39%;W1的中性洗涤纤维含量和W17的酸性洗涤纤维含量含量最低,分别为26.04%和19.33%。相关性分析表明,株高与叶轴长、复叶长、干草产量呈显著正相关关系(P <0.05),与复叶宽和鲜草产量呈极显著正相关关系(P <0.01)。聚类分析将20份野豌豆种质材料分为4个类群,第1类群具有植株较高大、叶轴和荚长较长、千粒重高、中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维含量低等特征,可作为多目标性状选育的中...     

三份偃麦草种质的染色体核型分析

选用产地来源不同的3份偃麦草的种子为试验材料,采用根尖压片法进行细胞染色体核型分析,旨在为其细胞学特性和演化趋势的研究奠定科学基础。结果表明,来源于俄罗斯列宁格勒的偃麦草种质ER044染色体数目为2n=6X=42,染色体相对长度组成为:4L+14M₂+20M₁+4S,核型公式为:K(2n)=6X=42=2M+32m+8sm。来源于阿富汗喀布尔的偃麦草种质ER058染色体数目为2n=6X=42,染色体相对长度组成为: 2L+20M₂+16M₁+4S,核型公式K(2n)=6X=42=30m+12sm(2sat)。采自于中国新疆的偃麦草种质ER132染色体数目为2n=6X=42,染色体相对长度组成为:4L+16M₂+16M₁+6S,核型公式为:K(2n)=6X=42=32m+8sm(4sat)+2st。3份偃麦草种质的染色体核型均属于“2B”类型。     

六种基因型草坪草的染色体核型分析(简报)

对禾本科羊茅属和黑麦草属6种基因型草坪草的染色体核型进行了分析,结果表明,6个种的染色体数均为2n=2x=14,都为中部着丝粒或近中部着丝粒染色体,所有染色体中均未见随体。核型公式显示高羊茅品种“自豪”为2n=14=8m 6sm、“家园”为2n=14=12m 2sm、“猎狗5号”为2n=14=14m、“羊茅极品”为2n=14=14m;多年生黑麦草品种“绅士”为2n=14=8m 6sm、“黑麦王子”为2n=14=10m 4sm。羊茅属4个品种具有3种核型:2B、2A和1B;黑麦草属2个品种核型也不相同,分别为2A和2B。表明同一属下不同品种间染色体核型存在差异,而不同属下某些品种却有相同的核型类型,为通过草坪草不同属间远缘杂交进行遗传改良创造了条件。     

3份长穗偃麦草种质的体细胞核型分析

采用根尖压片法,对不同国家来源的3份长穗偃麦草(Elytrigia elongata)种质材料的体细胞染色体核型进行分析,旨在为其细胞学特性和系统演化的研究奠定科学基础.结果表明:来源于中国新疆的EE001细胞染色体相对长度组成为1L+ 17M2+ 15M1+ 2S,核型公式为K(2n)=10X=70=50m+ 16sm+ 4st;来源于德国的EE014细胞染色体相对长度组成为3L+ 14M2 +13M1 +5S,核型公式为K(2n)=10X=70=48m+20sm+2st;来源于葡萄牙的EE020细胞染色体相对长度组成为5L+ 11M2 +15M1 +4S,核型公式为K(2n)=10X=70=38m+ 22sm+ 8st+2t.3份长穗偃麦草种质的体细胞染色体核型均为“2B”类型.     

白术、微米白术和白术多糖对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道形态及微生态区系的影响

试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。     

Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia

Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Chemotaxis of macrophage in inflammation

Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.     

Y‐chromosomal variation of local goat breeds of Turkey close to the domestication centre

Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Changes in proportion of canine urinary calculi composed of calcium oxalate or struvite in specimens analyzed from 1981 through 2001

The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors.     

Smart Phone Assisted City-scale Wireless Sensor Network Deployment for Transportation System Monitoring

<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems.