双价抗虫植物表达载体p3300-bt-pta转化苜蓿的初步研究

以中苜1号无菌苗子叶为外植体,采用农杆菌介导的叶盘法,将含有CryIA(a)/CryIA(c)基因、半夏凝集素(pta)基因和bar基因的双价抗虫植物表达载体p3300-Bt-pta导入苜蓿子叶中,在含除草剂的筛选培养基中连续筛选,获得抗性转化植株.研究了农杆菌菌液浓度、浸染时间、共培养时间等因素对苜蓿转化效率的影响,结果表明:各因素对苜蓿转化率均有不同程度的影响,当转化的菌液浓度OD600为0.6、浸染时间为10min、共培养时间为3d时转化效率较好.载体的抗性基因为除草剂草丁膦抗性的Bar基因,对子叶外植体的最佳筛选浓度为8mg/L;抑制农杆菌所用Carb的有效工作浓度为400mg/L,以后继代逐次减少用量到100mg/L;按此方法以根癌农杆菌菌株EHA105介导,将双基因Bt和pta导入紫花苜蓿品种"中苜1号",最终获得122棵除草剂草丁膦(ppt)抗性的植株,经过初步的PCR及RT-PCR分子生物学检测,有30棵检测到特异性条带,表明外源基因已成功整合到苜蓿基因组中,并在转录水平得到表达.     

农杆菌介导的smt1富硒基因转化紫花苜蓿研究

利用遗传转化,将硒富基因转入紫花苜蓿（Medicago sativa）是提高苜蓿富硒能力,解决当前硒不足问题的有效途径之一。本研究以“中苜1号”紫花苜蓿为受体材料,通过农杆菌介导法将来自硒超富集植物二沟黄芪(Astragalus bisulcatus)的硒代半胱氨酸甲基转移酶基因(smt1)转入苜蓿,并以3 mg·L-1潮霉素进行筛选,获得转化植株10株。结果表明,5株均能扩增出与smt1基因大小相符的条带。RT PCR检测结果表明,2株目的基因表达呈阳性,这表明smt1基因已成功转入紫花苜蓿基因组中,且可以在植株中正常表达。     

Transformation of alfalfa with smtl gene mediated by agrobacterium

利用遗传转化,将硒富基因转入紫花苜蓿（Medicago sativa）是提高苜蓿富硒能力,解决当前硒不足问题的有效途径之一。本研究以＂中苜1号＂紫花苜蓿为受体材料,通过农杆菌介导法将来自硒超富集植物二沟黄芪（Astragalus bisulcatus）的硒代半胱氨酸甲基转移酶基因（smt1）转入苜蓿,并以3mg.L-1潮霉素进行筛选,获得转化植株10株。结果表明,5株均能扩增出与smt1基因大小相符的条带。RT-PCR检测结果表明,2株目的基因表达呈阳性,这表明smt1基因已成功转入紫花苜蓿基因组中,且可以在植株中正常表达。     

东方山羊豆GoGID基因表达载体构建及紫花苜蓿转化

根据已经克隆得到的东方山羊豆赤霉素受体(GoGID)基因,扩增编码区cDNA.以pBI121为基础载体,采用酶切连接法,构建植物超表达载体pBI121-GoGID.酶切鉴定表明:目的基因已经正确插入载体中,超表达载体构建成功.采用CaCl₂冻融法将重组载体转入农杆菌菌株中.以叶片为外植体,采用农杆菌介导的愈伤组织培养法,转化紫花苜蓿(Medicage sativa),得到抗性苗.对载体携带的nptⅡ基因、GUS基因进行PCR检测均成阳性,表明目的基因已成功导入紫花苜蓿基因组中.同时对转基因植株进行Southern-blot及RT-PCR检测,并均得到目的条带.本研究为进一步分析GoGID基因对紫花苜蓿生物量影响奠定了基础.     

紫花苜蓿MsZFN基因超表达载体的构建及对烟草的转化

对紫花苜蓿一种新的CCCH类型锌指蛋白基因进行克隆及转化到烟草中,为研究该基因的功能提供依据。将紫花苜蓿锌指蛋白MsZFN基因(EU624138)连接到载体pBI121上,构建成植物表达载体pBI-ZFN。将表达载体转化到感受态农杆菌株LBA4404中,利用农杆菌介导的方法,以烟草无菌苗叶片为外植体,转化烟草,经卡那霉素筛选获得十几个烟草再生植株。对其中四个再生植株进行PCR和Southern检测,证明目的基因已经整合到烟草基因组中,通过RT-PCR检测,初步证明目的基因在烟草中可以表达。     

水稻金属硫蛋白基因(rgMT)遗传转化的紫花苜蓿耐盐性分析

采用根癌农杆菌介导法将从水稻(Oryza sativa)中克隆出的一个金属硫蛋白基因(rgMT)转化到紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)品种"农菁1号"中,经PCR和Northern blot技术对获得的抗性植株进行了检测,证明rgMT基因已整合到苜蓿基因组中并在转基因植株中转录表达。以野生型苜蓿为对照,对获得的转基因苜蓿株系在不同浓度NaCl、NaHCO3胁迫下的表型和生理指标测定发现,NaCl、NaHCO3胁迫处理后,野生型苜蓿受胁迫严重甚至死亡,转基因苜蓿受胁迫较轻。转基因苜蓿的脯氨酸含量和超氧化物歧化酶活性显著高于野生型(P0.05),细胞膜透性显著低于野生型,野生型苜蓿叶片中积累的过氧化氢高于转基因苜蓿的叶片中积累的过氧化氢。研究结果表明,rgMT基因已在苜蓿中表达,并且提高了转基因苜蓿的耐盐性。     

DREB2A基因对苜蓿遗传转化的研究

以黑龙江紫花苜蓿Medicago sativa主栽品种:肇东苜蓿、敖汉苜蓿、公农1号和公农2号为受体材料,系统地探讨了除菌剂种类和浓度以及卡那霉素筛选浓度等,建立了高效的苜蓿再生体系和遗传转化体系;分别构建了由诱导型启动子rd29A和组成型启动子E12调控的DREB2A基因的2个植物表达载体pB2A29A和pB2AE12;采用农杆菌介导法进行遗传转化,获得大量转基因抗性植株并进行了分子生物学(PCR和Southern blot)检测.结果表明,DREB2A基因已整合到苜蓿基因组中.     

BADH/pepB双价基因无选择标记表达载体转化苜蓿的初步研究

选用公农1号紫花苜蓿,以5～7d莆龄的无菌子叶为外植体,通过农杆菌介导法将含有甜菜碱醛脱氢酶(BADH)和酸性蛋白酶(pepB)双价基因的无选择标记表达载体导入苜蓿子叶中,并用含有Na2CO3和NaHCO3碱性盐溶液的培养基进行筛选,得到抗盐碱转化植株.碱性盐浓度48mmol/L宜于子叶愈伤诱导,有利于转化植株的获得.对转化植株进行PCR检测,初步证明目的基囚序列已经整合剑苜楷基因组中.移栽成活的13棵碱性盐抗性植株经PCR检测有3棵植株呈阳性.     

GFP基因在苜蓿转化组织中的荧光表达量分析

利用农杆菌介导法将溶菌酶(Lyz)与绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)基因转入"甘农3号"紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)中,获得含有双元基因的紫花苜蓿转基因植株。在荧光显微镜下对不同处理、不同培养时期的苜蓿转化愈伤组织及再生转化植株进行荧光检测和荧光表达量的对比分析。结果表明:经预培养的转化愈伤组织中的荧光表达量明显高于未经预培养的转化子;3 d为共培养的最佳时间;侵染时经过摇床上摇动的负压处理,荧光表达量高于静止状态;共培养3 d后的转化荧光表达量达最强,随培养时间延长,表达量少量减少,但能够稳定表达。     

紫花苜蓿MsCOL1基因RNAi表达载体的构建及转化

根据紫花苜蓿CONSTANS类似基因MsCOL1基因(登录号:DQ661682)序列,设计含有酶切位点的两对特异性引物,以紫花苜蓿cDNA为模板,分别合成用于构建干扰载体的正反义片段,将正反义片段分别插入表达载体pART27的相应位置,构建含有发夹结构的RNAi载体pART-S-A.利用农杆菌介导方法,将pART-S-A转化到紫花苜蓿中,经PCR检测,获得了7株转基因植株.经RT-PCR检测,证明转基因植株中MsCOL1基因表达量有所下降,其中5株的表达量明显的降低.结果表明,已构建成功具有发夹结构的RNAi载体pART-S-A,它可有效的抑制紫花苜蓿MsCOL1基因.     

白术、微米白术和白术多糖对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道形态及微生态区系的影响

试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。     

Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia

Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Chemotaxis of macrophage in inflammation

Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.     

Y‐chromosomal variation of local goat breeds of Turkey close to the domestication centre

Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Changes in proportion of canine urinary calculi composed of calcium oxalate or struvite in specimens analyzed from 1981 through 2001

The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors.     

Smart Phone Assisted City-scale Wireless Sensor Network Deployment for Transportation System Monitoring

<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems.     

The Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Dairy Cattle in Central Kenya

The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.