外源钙对桃不同部位钙含量及果实品质的影响

以18年生皮球桃为试材,研究探讨了外源钙(CaCl2、Ca(NO3)2)对叶、茎、果实钙含量以及果实品质的影响。结果表明:不同时期叶片中的钙含量变化相对较平稳;果肉和果核中钙含量从果实硬核期到膨大期逐渐升高,达到一定量后逐渐降低,采前1个月钙含量基本趋于平衡;在果肉和果核的钙含量达最大时茎钙含量最低,果肉和果核中钙含量降到低点时茎钙含量达最大;果实的横、纵、侧径增长趋势基本一致,从硬核期到成熟,生长曲线呈‘快-慢-快’型增长;Ca(NO3)2处理果实单果重最重,为219.19g;CaCl2处理果实可溶性固形物和可溶性糖含量最高,分别为12.1%、9.24%。     

硝酸钙和IAA对温州蜜柑果实钙含量及其品质的影响

在花期、花后1周、3周、采前2周对龟井蜜柑进行Ca(NO3)2、IAA和IAA+Ca(NO3)2喷布处理,同时测定了不同发育时期各处理果实钙含量及其采后果实的主要品质,并与采后浸钙处理和完熟采收果实品质进行了对比分析,结果表明:1)各处理的果皮钙含量在花后51d和112d均有所提高,但此期整个果实钙含量并无显著性差异,采收时各处理整个果实和果肉钙含量均显著高于对照;2)采收时各处理果实的可溶性固形物和可滴定酸均显著低于对照,可溶性糖、单果重、果皮色差值和相对电导率与对照无显著性差异,各处理糖酸比显著高于对照;3)采后30d时IAA+Ca(NO3)2喷布和采后浸钙处理果实的维生素C及完熟采收果实的可溶性固形物和可溶性糖均显著高于对照和其他处理。     

采前喷钙对沙梨果实品质的影响

对沙梨品种Patharnakh植株采前喷尔0.5%、1%、2%或4%的CaCl_2或Ca(NO_3)_2,果实充分成熟时采收分析果皮、果肉和果心中的Ca浓度。4?Cl_2处理的果皮及果肉中Ca浓度显著提高(分别增加76%及38．4%),同时常温下贮藏35天的重量损耗率减少(从喷清水的20.5%减少列9.4%),无腐果发生(清水处理     

不同钙处理对苹果贮藏品质的影响

通过土壤施钙、幼果期喷钙、幼果期喷钙配合施用激素、采前喷钙及采后浸钙等试验，研究了不同钙处理对苹果贮藏品质的影响。结果表明：幼果期喷钙处理可以提高果实品质，而采收前后钙处理对果实品质影响不大；各钙处理均显著提高了采收期果实硬度，以幼呆期喷钙处理硬度较大；各钙处理在预防苦痘病方面均有一定效果。各处理中以幼果喷、施CaCl2 N从提高苹果采收及贮藏品质效果最佳。     

钙化合物对苹果疏花疏果的效应

选用蚁酸钙制剂(CFA)、氯化钙制剂(CCOA)、硝酸钙制剂(CNOA)、丙酸钙制剂(CPA)、氯化钙(CaCl2)、硝酸钙犤Ca(NO3)2犦六种钙化合物对红富士苹果进行了疏花疏果试验。结果表明,以浓度为5～10g/L的蚁酸钙制剂效果最好;喷布两次比一次效果好,第一次在顶芽中心花盛开3d后喷布,第二次在顶芽中心花盛开5d后喷布,这样可确保顶芽中心花不受影响,而使顶芽侧花和腋芽花的结果率同时降低。CFA加用1mL/L的界面活性剂KP-4714,可显著提高疏花效果。所用钙化合物的疏花喷布对幼果生长和成熟果的大小、着色程度、果实品质均无不利影响。浓度为10g/L的氯化钙和硝酸钙处理对新梢生长点和幼叶有药害发生。     

两种钙肥对赣南纽荷尔脐橙果皮内裂的影响研究

以赣南内裂严重的10年生枳砧纽荷尔脐橙为材料,研究CaCl2和Ca(NO3)22种钙肥对赣南纽荷尔脐橙内裂果率、树体钙含量和果实品质的影响。结果表明:0.3%、0.5%和0.75%浓度的CaCl2、Ca(NO3)2处理均能显著降低脐橙裂果率,提高叶片和果皮钙含量,对果肉钙含量和果实品质的影响较小;其中0.5%CaCl2处理矫治裂果效果最好,其次是0.3%Ca(NO3)2处理。     

BA和GA4+7促进巴梨果实增大的效果

为了促进巴梨果实膨大,用BA(细胞分裂素)和GA(赤霉素,指GA4 7,下同)进行了试验。结果表明,在盛花期喷布20mg/L～30mg/L的BA显著促进果实增大,对果实品质影响很小;喷布20mg/LBA 20mg/LGA促进果实增大的效果最好,但由于产生了部分特大果和变形果,影响果实商品价值。从综合效果考虑,认为以20mg/L的BA在盛花期处理比较适宜。     

采前喷钙结合低温处理可保持金柑果实最佳贮藏品质

据《西南农业学报》2012年第2期《采前喷钙结合低温处理对金柑果实贮藏品质的影响》（作者李明娟）报道，以阳朔金柑为试材，采前喷02％CaCl2 3次，     

不同田间处理对红江橙果实留树贮藏效果的影响

以海南省澄迈县福山镇栽培的红江橙Citrus sinensis cv.Hongjiangcheng为试材,在果实转色前1个月至果实成熟后2个月期间,进行树盘覆盖地膜及每隔3周一次喷布2,4-D、喷布GA3、喷施氮肥、沟施氮肥等单独或复合处理,共19个处理,以成熟后自然挂果为对照,比较不同田间处理的果实留树贮藏效果。结果表明:①各处理与对照比较均能明显延迟果实成熟和减少果实脱落,其中以处理N(喷施2,4-D+喷施尿素)处理效果最佳,累计落果率不到10%;②各处理树冠产量效率显著高于对照或与对照差异不显著,其中以处理F(喷布GA3+覆盖农膜)最高;③各处理的外观指标显著高于对照或与对照差异不显著;④果实品质以处理F(喷布GA3+覆盖农膜)、处理C(喷布GA3+沟施尿素)、处理B(喷布2,4-D+沟施尿素)表现最好,各项指标显著高于对照或与对照差异不显著;⑤翌年树冠着果密度,处理E(喷布2,4-D+覆盖农膜)和处理K(喷布2,4-D+喷施尿素+覆盖农膜)显著低于处理B(喷布2,4-D+沟施尿素),有减产风险。经综合比较,喷布GA3+覆盖农膜和喷布GA3+沟施尿素的综合性状最优,是海南北部红江橙留树贮藏的最佳处理方法。     

选果机处理对柑橘果实品质的影响

采下的柑橘果实有的直接进入市场 ,有的通过常温贮藏后进入市场 ,1980年代后 ,为提高果实质量有条件地区将柑橘果实进行人工打蜡 (矿物蜡液 )后进入市场 ,但数量很少。 1996年我局首批引进了韩国产的柑橘选果机ＰＨ35 0 0型进行橘果商品化处理 ,即洗果─喷蜡─分级─包装处理 ,几年来 ,逐步投入市场应用。为了搞清柑橘果实经选果机处理后的果实品质变化 ,特设本试验 ,并总结如下 :1　材料与方法1 1　材料　柑橘果实为宫川系温州蜜柑 ,采收期 10月 2 8日 ,果实成熟度 85 %以上。用韩国产ＰＨ35 0 0型选果机进行洗果、喷蜡、分级处理。蜡液是…     

猕猴桃幼果期钙处理对果实贮藏和品质的影响

以中华猕猴桃品系湘酃８０－２为试材，在幼果期进行浸钙处理。结果表明：不同钙处理能不同程度地延长猕猴桃果实贮藏期，其中以０.５％Ｃａ_２（ＮＯ_３）_２处理对果实贮藏与品质的综合效果最好；０．５％Ｃａ（ＮＯ_３）_２＋ １００ ｍｐ·ｌ~(－1)萘乙酸能显著提高果实硬度与贮藏性能。     

富士苹果施钙肥效应

以8年生富士苹果(Malusdomesticacv.Fuji)为试材进行不同组合钙肥试验,结果表明,土施CaSO4肥显著提高了土壤总钙、交换性钙和果实钙含量,以3.5kg/株CaSO4处理效果最显著;将3.5kgCaSO4分为幼果期和膨大期2次使用增钙效果明显,分期施肥无论配合秋施有机肥还是春季喷氨基酸钙都极显著提高了果实钙含量,以S2+1.5AM处理(春施2kgCaSO4+喷3遍氨基酸钙+夏施1.5kgCaSO4+秋施5kg苹果专用有机肥)的钙含量最高,达到179.17mg/kg;秋施苹果专用有机肥明显提高果实钙含量,增加根系和枝条的贮藏钙,以10kg/株配合春施1kg/株CaSO4的效果较好。当有机肥施用量达到15kg/株或CaSO4超过3.5kg/株时增钙效果下降。交换性钙、土壤及果实Ca/Mg比值与果实钙含量呈正相关,土壤速效磷、钾、果实N/Ca比值与果实钙含量呈显著负相关。不同施肥处理果实的N/Ca比值和Ca/Mg比值差异显著,采收时富士果实N/Ca比值<17,Ca/Mg比值≥7,贮藏期间的苦痘病发生率较低。有利于富士苹果钙素营养的施肥组合是秋冬施有机肥加钙化肥、幼果期喷钙和果实膨大期土施钙肥。     

钙及钙调素拮抗剂CPZ对柿果实采后生理的影响

柿果在生长期喷施高于1%的CaCl_2可增加果实采收时的钙浓度,但造成叶面伤害,不能延迟柿衰老。喷施1%Ca(OH)_2显著地增加了果实钙含量,在贮藏过程中果实乙烯浓度显著高于对照。减压渗透CaCl_2可显著降低柿果呼吸强度、乙烯浓度、膜透性和PG酶活性,抑制果实软化,其中4%CaCl_2渗透最好。减压渗透CPZ促进呼吸增强、乙烯产生和果实软化。     

Spraying calcium is not an effective way to increase structural calcium in litchi pericarp

Calcium in different forms was compared in the pericarp of cracked and healthy fruit in the cracking-susceptible litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) cultivar ‘Nuomici’. Incorporation of ⁴⁵Ca into the cell walls of the pericarp and effects of sprays of calcium chloride (0.2% or 0.5%) on endogenous calcium and cracking incidence were examined. The results showed that calcium concentration in cracked fruit was significantly lower than in healthy fruit. Structural calcium as part of cell wall components contributed to the majority of the difference in calcium concentration between cracked fruit and healthy fruit. Surface spray of calcium chloride, either once or three times at different stages of fruit development exhibited no significant effect on fruit cracking and hardly increased calcium, especially structural calcium in the pericarp. X-ray microanalysis revealed that the applied calcium remained on pericarp surface. Radioisotope test showed that less than 0.1% of ⁴⁵Ca applied on fruit surface was incorporated into the cell walls. It is suggested that spraying calcium on fruit surface is not an effective way to prevent litchi fruit cracking due to the difficulty in uptake of the calcium sprayed on fruit surface.     

草莓对不同形态氮素的吸收与分配

 以水培‘鬼怒甘’草莓(Fragaria grandiflora Ehrh. ‘Guinugan’) 为试材, 利用¹⁵N示踪技术研究果实迅速生长期对不同形态氮素的吸收分配特性。结果表明: 根际施肥, ¹⁵N吸收利用率依次为: 硫酸铵>甘氨酸>硝酸钙>谷氨酸, 与硝态氮混施, 铵态氮、甘氨酸态氮¹⁵N利用率提高; 叶片涂抹模拟根外追肥, ¹⁵N利用率依次为尿素>甘氨酸>谷氨酸。果实对硝酸钙的竞争力低于叶片, 对硫酸铵、甘氨酸和谷氨酸的竞争力强于叶片。     

Deposition of calcium compounds in tomato fruit in relation to calcium transport

The deposition of calcium in tomato fruit grown at a range of salinities (electrical conductivities between 3 and 17 mS cm“1), with or without IAA-transport inhibitor treatment, was investigated. Calcium (Ca) in the flesh and pulp of tomato fruit was sequentially separated into four fractions: FI soluble in water, FII soluble in 2.5 mol dm“3 NaCl, Fill soluble in 2% acetic acid and FIV soluble in 5% HC1. In mature fruit, grown at 3 mS cm“1, more than half the Ca was in FI, and the Ca concentration was higher in the pulp than in the flesh. FII and Fill each contained less than 20% of the Ca, and the Ca concentration was higher in the flesh than in the pulp. In general, salinity reduced the concentration of Ca in all fractions and slightly altered the proportional distribution of Ca in fractions. The deposition of calcium in young fruit, grown at 3 and 8 mS cm“1, was highest in FII in the flesh or in FI in the pulp. When 45Ca was supplied to detached fruit, the patterns of45 Ca distribution in the fractions were similar to that of total Ca. Treatment with an IAA-transport inhibitor, CME, reduced both the uptake and transport of 45Ca. While the amount of 45Ca in all fractions was significantly reduced by CME, the proportional distribution of 45Ca among fractions was not affected substantially. Although the proportional deposition of Ca in different fractions was not significantly affected by either salinity or CME, further reduction of the intrinsically low deposition of Ca in FII of distal pulp caused by these factors may be the cause of blossom-end rot in tomato fruit.     

甜樱桃果实果肉Ca~(2+)质量浓度变化规律及其与裂果的关系

通过对拉宾斯(Lapins),滨库(Bing)和红丰(Hongfeng)3个抗裂性不同的甜樱桃(Prunus avium L.)品种进行果实发育期外源补钙处理,研究了甜樱桃果实整个发育过程中果肉Ca2+质量浓度变化规律,及其对甜樱桃裂果的影响。结果表明,1)拉宾斯果实在成熟后期果肉Ca2+质量浓度呈稳定的上升趋势,而滨库和红丰在果实成熟期果肉Ca2+质量浓度则呈下降趋势。2)外源补钙处理可明显提高果实中的钙含量,所有处理的果实在整个发育过程中果肉Ca2+质量浓度都明显高于对照,其中拉宾斯比对照高12%、比滨库高13%、比红丰高40%。3)在裂果试验中,高抗裂品种拉宾斯对于外源补钙不敏感,叶面补钙处理后裂果率由7%降为4%;而抗裂性较差的滨库和红丰则非常敏感,裂果率滨库由49%降为28%、红丰由92%降为60%,证明果肉Ca2+质量浓度的提高可明显降低果实裂果率。     

Evaluating pre-harvest foliar calcium applications to increase fruit calcium and reduce bitter pit in ‘Golden Delicious’ apples

In all major apple producing countries, applications of foliar calcium (Ca) products to increase fruit Ca content and reduce the incidence of bitter pit in apples are used. Calcium nitrate (Ca(NO₃)₂), Calcimax and Ca acetate were applied, commencing at three different developmental stages (early, mid and late) of fruit growth. Late Ca(NO₃)₂ (80 days after full bloom (dafb)) applications increased the Ca content of fruit at harvest more than early (six dafb) and mid (40 dafb) applications. There was a trend towards an increase in bitter pit from early to late applications of Ca(NO₃)₂ and Calcimax, confirming previous results obtained when applying only Ca(NO₃)₂. In spite of the very low incidences of bitter pit during these seasons (less than 7%), significant differences between treatments were found between Ca(NO₃)₂ Mid and other treatments in 2004/2005, as well as Ca(NO₃)₂ and Calcimax Early and other treatments in 2005/2006. Ca acetate applications did not show any trends in fruit Ca content or bitter pit incidence when applied during the three stages. Thus, products may differ in efficiency of Ca absorption and effectiveness in decreasing bitter pit in fruit when applied during different developmental stages.