稻草中密度纤维板用改性脲醛树脂的研究

对比三聚氰胺、二甲基硅油、硅树脂和偶联剂KH-550四种改性剂改性的脲醛(UF)树脂性能的差别及其对稻草中密度纤维板性能的影响,并进行经济评价,最终确定适用于稻草纤维板的改性UF树脂的工艺条件,同时借助于红外光谱(FT-IR)和差热扫描分析(DSC)研究最佳改性UF树脂的结构和固化特性.结果表明,三聚氰胺改性脲醛(MUF)树脂不论是对树脂性能、板性能改善还是从成本分析方面均为稻草纤维板最佳的胶黏剂,FT-IR显示出与未加三聚氰胺相比,加入三聚氰胺后树脂的羟甲基含量降低了10 %,DSC分析则表明其峰值温度有较大幅度的提高,但放出的热量较少.加入三聚氰胺改性的UF树脂其表面张力变小.     

Straw-wood composites bonded with various adhesive systems

In order to study the feasibility of utilizing wheat straw as an alternative raw material for panels, experimental one-layer particleboards were produced by mixing straw with industrial wood particles in various proportions (100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75, 0:100). Three different adhesive systems were used for blending the raw materials: a UF resin (E₂ grade), a PMDI resin and various UF:PMDI combinations (10:0, 8:2, 7:3, 6:4, 5:5). The evaluation of the mechanical and hygroscopic properties of panels showed the following results: Partial replacement of wood particles from straw in panels bonded with pure UF resin resulted in deterioration of all properties except linear swelling. Partial or whole substitution of wood by straw in PMDI bonded panels, improved the bending strength and all hygroscopic properties of the panels but reduced the internal bond (dry and wet) and screw holding strength, although to a much smaller degree compared to UF bonded panels. The properties of panels bonded with various UF:PMDI combinations and comprising 50% wood and 50% straw were considerably improved by increasing the PMDI content. In terms of the properties, pure straw panels or panels made of certain wood/straw mixtures, if bonded with PMDI resin or the appropriate UF:PMDI combination, can be used for specific applications where high quality panels are required according to the specifications of the related standards. Received 11 February 1998     

脲醛树脂分子量分布与胶合性能关系的研究（续）：分次加尿素对脲醛树？…

主要探讨分次加尿素对脲醛树脂分子量分布及胶合性能的影响。研究结果表明：在脲醛树脂合成吕，分次加入尿素，不仅可起到降低胶中游离醛的作用，同时还可起到分子量的调解作用。尤其是加入第２次尿素时，对胶中大分子部分可起到降解重排、减少胶中醚键含量的作用，从而达到低毒的目的。加入第２次尿素时，可能会改变脲醛树脂的反应机理。     

单板/HDF复合木地板的制造工艺与产品性能研究

单板/高密度纤维板(HDF)复合木地板结合了实木地板和浸渍纸层压木质地板的优点,是地板产业发展的新方向之一。文中以12mm厚HDF为基材、复合意杨单板,试制了"耐磨纸-单板-HDF基材-平衡纸"四层结构地板用复合板材。研究了不同单板厚度、胶黏剂种类(聚氨酯-PU,脲醛树脂-UF)及涂布量对板材翘曲度、吸水厚度膨胀率、内结合强度及机加工性能的影响。结果表明:1)单板与HDF复合制造木地板是可行的;2)复合木地板的翘曲度随单板厚度和施胶量的提高而递增,最高可达约0.6%;3)贴面采用聚氨酯胶黏剂,产品性能优于脲醛树脂胶合板材,但冷压周期偏长。推荐工艺条件为:单板1.2mm,PU或UF胶黏剂均可,涂布量控制在100g/m~2左右。     

Penetration of urea–formaldehyde resins with different formaldehyde/urea mole ratios into softwood tissues

In order to understand the impact of formaldehyde/urea (F/U) mole ratio on penetration characteristics of urea–formaldehyde (UF) resin into softwood tissues, a quantitative measurement of UF resin penetration into radiata pine (Pinus radiata) tissues from the bond-line was undertaken. Four different F/U mole ratios (1.6, 1.4, 1.2, and 1.0) of UF resins with different viscosities and two levels of hardener (NH₄Cl) for two extreme F/U mole ratios (1.6 and 1.0) were studied. Firstly, field emission scanning electron microscope and confocal laser scanning microscopy were used to localize UF resins in the bond-line for the qualitative evaluation of resin penetration. Then light microscopy was employed to quantitatively measure the resin penetration and bond-line thickness. A decrease in the F/U mole ratio of UF resin that proportionately decreased the resin viscosity resulted in an increase in the average resin penetration and a decrease in the bond-line thickness. Higher hardener level provided a greater resin penetration with all F/U mole ratio UF resins. These results demonstrated that F/U mole ratio had an impact on the penetration and bond-line thickness of UF resins, owing to differences in the reactivity of resins, with higher F/U mole ratio resins being more reactive.     

硅烷偶联剂对稻草板力学性能的影响

以稻草为原料生产人造板,成为高效利用稻草资源、缓解木材供需矛盾的一条有效途径。本文通过硅炕偶联剂（SCA）改善稻草表面润湿性,用脲醛树脂胶黏剂（UF）胶结制戍稻草板,分析SCA用量和UF用量对稻草板力学性能的影响。结果表明：施胶量为16％、SCA添加量为1％时,板子的静曲强度和内结合强度达到GB／T4897．4—2003中A类刨花板优等品的要求。     

三聚氰胺改性低毒脲醛树脂耐水性研究

不同摩尔比的两类低毒脲醛树脂(JQ21未改性,JQ22与5%三聚氰胺共聚),分别与不同质量比的三聚氰胺树脂混合,并在不同的固化体系中固化,用于胶合板的压制.对胶合板的胶合性能及甲醛释放量进行了研究.实验结果表明:固化体系不同,胶接强度也不相同;随着摩尔比的增加,胶接强度提高,甲醛释放量亦相应提高;同时采用共聚和共混两种方法进行改性的脲醛树脂,其胶接强度和甲醛释放量均优于单一的采用共混改性的脲醛树脂;并且混合胶液中三聚氰胺的比例越低,胶接性能越筹,甲醛释放量变化逐渐趋于平稳.     

基于UFC和葡萄糖改性脲醛树脂的合成与性能

在碱性条件下用尿素和甲醛合成脲醛预缩液(UFC),然后用UFC与尿素制备脲醛树脂(UFC/U),并添加葡萄糖对UFC/U改性得到G/UFC/U树脂,采用DSC和FT-IR等对树脂进行分析。结果表明:与普通脲醛树脂(UF)相比,UFC/U树脂胶合强度提高5.83%,游离甲醛含量降低3.70%,G/UFC/U树脂贮存期大于30 d,综合性能较好,G_1-25/UFC/U树脂游离甲醛含量降低44.44%,胶合板湿胶合强度为1.11 MPa,优于国家II类胶合板标准;DSC结果表明:UFC/U、G_1-25/UFC/U比UF树脂的固化特征温度高;FT-IR分析表明:G_1-25/UFC/U和UF树脂相比,羟基及亚甲基醚键的峰强度增强,改性树脂的羟甲基优先和葡萄糖分子C(6)的羟基发生反应生成亚甲基醚键。     

脲醛树脂胶稻草中密度纤维板的性能

通过用稻草代替木材制造脲醛树脂胶稻草中密度纤维板的可行性研究 ,探讨了板材密度、施胶量和防水剂等工艺因素对稻草中密度纤维板性能的影响。结果表明 :在实验室条件下 ,当板材名义密度为 0 .8g/ cm3和施胶量为 17%时 ,脲醛树脂胶稻草中纤板性能达到现行国家标准一等品的要求 ;施加 1.2 %的石蜡乳液 ,板材的耐水性亦能满足国标要求     

Effect of nanoclay on some applied properties of oriented strand board (OSB) made from underutilized low quality paulownia (Paulownia fortunei) wood

In this study, the effect of nanoclay on some applied properties of oriented strand board (OSB) made from underutilized low quality paulownia wood was investigated. Organo-modified montmorillonite (MMT) at four levels (0, 1, 3 and 5?%) was added to urea formaldehyde (UF) resin. Some chemical properties of paulownia wood (holocellulose, cellulose, lignin and ash contents, pH value and hot and cold water solubility), mechanical [modulus of rupture (MOR), modulus of elasticity (MOE), internal bond strength, screw and nail withdrawal strengths], physical (water absorption and thickness swelling) properties and formaldehyde emission of the strand boards were evaluated. Mechanical properties of all panels complied with the general-purpose OSB minimum property requirements of European Norm. With increasing 5?% nanoclay to UF resin, mechanical and physical properties of the resulting panels improved and formaldehyde emission decreased. However, none of the panels satisfied the thickness swelling and water absorption requirement. The results of X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscope analysis confirmed the good dispersion of nanoclay in the resulting OSBs. Using paulownia as a fast-growing underutilized species not only can sustain the forests but also can supply raw material to countries facing shortage of wood.     

制板工艺因子对硅酸钠/酚醛树脂玉米秸秆刨花板性能的影响

采用硅酸钠/酚醛树脂胶制备玉米秸秆刨花板,考察工艺因子对试板物理力学性能的影响。结果表明:随着施胶量增加、热压温度升高、热压时间延长,试板吸水厚度率逐渐减小,静曲强度、弹性模量和内结合强度呈先增大后减小的趋势。按照优化工艺:施胶量17%、热压温度180℃,热压时间20s/mm,制备试板的吸水厚度膨胀率和力学性能均满足GB/T4897-2015《刨花板》中干燥状态下使用的家具型刨花板的(P2型)的要求。     

麦秸刨花板的耐水性能研究

本文研究了用MDI与UF两种胶粘剂以不同比率混合后制造的麦秸刨花板的耐水性能。结果表明：随着胶粘剂中MDI比率的增加，麦秸刨花板的耐水性能提高，但改善的程度逐渐趋缓；在一定范围内，提高麦秸刨花板的密度，可以降低其吸水厚度膨胀率。     

一种脲醛树脂胶粘剂的设计

鉴于对文献的分析和实验验证,本文提出一种脲醛树脂胶粘剂的设计原则。即:1)脲醛树脂最终摩尔比应取1.40～1.20:1,这样可以使制成的板材具有足够的胶接强度;2)为了使人造板的甲醛释放量达到10mg/100g(穿孔法)以下,树脂中的游离尿素应在10%以上;3)在脲醛树脂的分子中引入尿素的环状衍生物,如三嗪环或Uron。环状化合物含量最好在10%左右。按此原则合成了三种树脂,在试验室按标准刨花板和中密度纤维板工艺制成板材,其甲醛释放量在10mg/100g左右,板材物理力学性能均超过国家标准和企业标准。     

环保型动物角蛋白改性剂对胶合板性能的影响

以环保型动物角蛋白添加剂作为脲醛树脂胶改性剂,选用A、B 2种环保型动物角蛋白改性剂,试验其不同用量对脲醛树脂(UF)胶合板胶合强度、木破率、浸渍剥离性能、吸水厚度膨胀率的影响。研究结果表明,环保型动物角蛋白作为改性剂,能在一定程度上提高UF胶合板的胶合强度,但会降低UF胶合板的耐水性;添加量相同时,固体含量大的环保型动物角蛋白其对应的UF胶合板胶合强度较大;随着动物角蛋白添加量的逐步增加,UF胶合板甲醛释放量呈明显下降趋势,当添加量接近15%时,甲醛释放量接近E0级。     

Preparation of composite board using foil-laminated and plastic-laminated liquid packaging paperboard as raw materials

We investigated the properties of composite board formed using base sheets of aluminum foil-laminated and polyethylene (PE) plastic-laminated liquid packaging paperboard (LP) as an alternative to recycling these items in wastepaper stream. Boards of different specific gravities ranging from 0.55 to 0.75 were made by pressing shredded LP blended with urea resin having resin content of 6%–10% at 180°C. Subsequently, we also prepared mixed particleboard [wood (WD) particles and LP mixed], three-layered particleboard (LP as the middle layer, WD in the upper and lower layers), and wood particleboard all having resin content of 10% and various specific gravities. Static bending and internal bonding strengths and thickness swelling of the specimens were determined to examine their properties. At the same specific gravity, the properties of LP particleboards were affected by their resin content. The modulus of rupture (MOR), modulus of elasticity (MOE), and internal bond strength of the LP particleboards increased with increasing specific gravity of the boards at the same resin content, but thickness swelling of the LP particleboards showed the reverse trend. The average MOR of the LP particleboards approximated that of the mixed particleboards and was greater than those of the three-layered particleboards and wood particleboards. Internal bond strength and thickness swelling of the LP particleboards were smaller than those of the other particleboards. Based on the above observations, we deemed that LP can be made into composite boards with adequate properties either alone or mixed with wood particles.     

橡胶木制造薄片刨花板的研究

本文论述了橡胶木小径材和枝桠材制造薄片刨花板的可行性,并通过正交试验对脲醛胶刨花板制造工艺进行了优化选择,同时也对酚醛树脂胶粘剂制造薄片刨花板和薄型刨花板进行了探索。试验表明,橡胶木可以制造出质地良好的刨花板。     

UF/PDMI组合胶黏剂在刨花板生产中的应用

采用脲醛树脂(UF)/聚合异氰酸酯(PDMI)组合胶黏剂,以不同的组合配比在较低热压温度(160℃)条件下用高含水率(9.0%)杂木刨花制备刨花板,检测其静曲强度、内结合强度以及2h和24h吸水厚度膨胀率。结果表明:聚合异氰酸酯(PDMI)的引入,可以显著提高刨花板的物理力学性能和耐水性能;将刨花终含水率提高至9.0%可节约刨花干燥能耗达13.0%以上;与脲醛树脂胶黏剂(UF)相比,使用PDMI/UF配比为1∶9的(10.0wt%PDMI)组合胶黏剂可以提高刨花板静曲强度80%,提高内结合强度150%;在不添加防水剂的条件下,可以将板材的2h吸水厚度膨胀率由31.0%提高至21.0%。该研究可为刨花板节能环保生产提供新思路。     

速生杉木的改性研究——UF树脂浸渍后热压法改性

采用脲醛树脂（UF）浸渍后热压的方法，对速生杉木气干材进行改性。试验结果表明：1.改性后杉木的静曲强度平均提高42%，弹性模量平均提高17%，吸水率平均降低45%，吸水厚度膨胀率基本无变化；2.热压工艺中的压力对改性杉木的MOR，MOE影响最大，树脂浸渍时间是影响其吸水率和吸水厚度膨胀率的主要因素。     

低甲醛释放蔗渣中密度纤维板用脲醛树脂

以脲醛树脂结构形成特征为基础,研制了一种甲醛释放量低、内结合强度高的适用于蔗渣中密度纤维板生产的脲醛树脂胶粘剂。使用结果表明,所压制的蔗渣中密度纤维板物理力学性能达到国家标准要求,甲醛释放量可控制在２０ｍｇ／１００ｇ左右。     

不同预处理方法对稻秸纤维表面化学特性及稻秸纤维板性能的影响

通过水热、2％乙酸、2％Na2SO3及2％NaHSO3预处理秸秆原料,再将原料分离成纤维,并试制了相应的秸秆纤维板,对比分析了4种预处理方法对秸秆纤维的表面化学特性及稻秸纤维板性能的影响。结果表明,预处理方法对秸秆纤维表面的主要官能团影响不大,但乙酸预处理能显著地降低稻秸纤维表面的pH值,有利于脲醛树脂胶黏剂和纤维形成良好的胶合界面,从而提高秸秆纤维板的性能。