早期断奶仔猪营养需求与免疫的相互影响

早期断奶的主要目的是为了提高母猪的繁殖力和饲养母猪的经济效益及促进仔猪的迅速生长。在我国大部分养猪企业指的早期隔离断奶是仔猪在3~4周龄间断奶。而在国外的猪的饲养业中已很普遍地运用早期隔离断奶技术并把断奶时间降低到2周龄（14日龄）以下。早期隔离断奶技术涵盖诸多方     

提高断奶仔猪免疫功能及健康水平的营养措施

早期（3～4周龄）断奶可以提高母猪的繁殖性能并阻断一些疾病由母猪向仔猪的传播,但是早期断奶仔猪消化系统和免疫系统发育不完全,再加上早期断奶引起的心理、环境和营养应激,容易使断奶仔猪出现免疫功能降低和断奶后腹泻等一系列问题．甚至造成仔猪死亡,影响养猪经济效益。因此,提高早期断奶仔猪免疫功能,改善其健康状况．是提高养猪生产水平的重要一环。大量研究表明．合理的营养可提高早期断奶仔猪的免疫功能和健康水平。本文就提高早期断奶仔猪免疫功能和健康水平的营养措施进行阐述。     

早期断奶仔猪的营养需要研究进展

随着规模化、集约化养猪生产的发展 ,为了提高母猪生产力和栏舍利用率 ,生产上对仔猪实行早期断奶 (3～ 4周龄 ) ,从而提高母、仔畜的生产力 ,增加经济效益。然而早期断奶的仔猪由于受心理、环境及营养应激的影响 ,常常会表现出一系列的不良现象 ,如厌食或拒食、消化机能紊乱、腹泻水肿、生长迟滞、饲料利用率低等所谓的“仔猪早期断奶综合症” ,从而严重影响了养猪业的经济效益。因此 ,本文从早期断奶仔猪的消化生理、免疫系统的发育演变的特点出发 ,就早期断奶仔猪的营养需要的研究进展及当前对克服断奶应激所采取的种种措施 ,特别是如何…     

早期断奶仔猪拉稀的防治

仔猪早期断奶后拉稀的发病率较高,处理不当易造成死亡,给养殖户带来一定的经济损失.为有效地帮助养殖户解决这一难题,笔者经过深入研究和探索,初步掌握了早期断奶仔猪拉稀的发病机理及防治方法.1 早期断奶仔猪的生理特征1.1 抗病力低仔猪由初乳获得被动免疫在出生后1周效价最高,到第3周已降至最低水平.自身免疫系统的功能从出生后4～5周发挥作用,因此3～4周断奶的仔猪抗病力相对最低.     

早期断奶仔猪营养与免疫

通常,仔猪在3-5周断奶称为早期断奶,国外的早期隔离断奶(SEW)技术甚至把断奶时间降低到14天以下。早期断奶的主要目的是为了提高母猪的繁殖力和饲养母猪的经济效益及促进仔猪的迅速生长。 科学的营养是保证仔猪断奶的必要条件。早期断奶仔猪由于其自身的原因,在饲料选择上应注意高营养、高消化率、高适口性、改变仔猪对不良应激的适应。但仔猪早期断奶往往在各种因素的影响下,出现腹泻、生长迟滞等“早期断奶综合症”。因此,由于营养与免疫互为条件,相互影响,我们要提     

早期断奶仔猪的饲养管理技术

我国传统的仔猪断奶时间在8周龄左右,仔猪早期断奶是指仔猪在3～5周时进行断奶。饲养水平较高的地区和猪场都采取早期断奶的饲养工艺,目前养猪业发达的国家已经开始推广应用14日龄超早期断奶技术。     

谷氨酰胺对早期断奶仔猪肠黏膜免疫的调节作用

作者综述了早期断奶仔猪肠黏膜免疫系统、谷氨酰胺的营养生理功能、早期断奶对仔猪肠黏膜免疫的影响,以及谷氨酰胺对早期断奶仔猪肠黏膜免疫系统的结构和功能、肠道屏障功能、肠道抗氧化能力及生产性能的影响。     

断奶仔猪胃肠道免疫及营养研究

胃肠道不仅是营养物质消化吸收的重要场所,也是仔猪免疫系统的重要组成部分。早期断奶仔猪免疫系统发育不完善,由于断绝了母乳供给的免疫因子和消化道发育的营养活性物质,胃肠道功能紊乱,易形成断奶综合征,从而降低断奶仔猪成活率和生长发育性能,现对国内外断奶仔猪胃肠道免疫方面的最新研究进展进行综述。     

早期断奶仔猪腹泻的发生原因及其预防措施

栏舍利用率,在现代专业化、集约化养猪生产中,目前国内外已广泛实行仔猪3～4周龄断奶,即早期断奶。但早期断奶仔猪最常见、危害性最大的是断奶后腹泻。据报道,断奶后头7d腹泻率为0.6%,8～13d增到32%,14～17d增到41.4%,22～28d降到8.4%,断奶后死亡率高达20%～30%,存活下来的仔猪大多生长发育不良,总增重下降约33%,给养猪业带来了巨大的经济损失。如何降低早期断奶仔猪腹泻的发生仍是当前养猪业迫切需要解决的问题。本文就早期断奶仔猪腹泻的发生原因及其预防措施加以介绍,以供参考。1早期断奶仔猪腹泻的发生原因1.1早期断奶仔猪的消化生理特…     

仔猪早期断奶后的腹泻与控制饲喂

当前在养猪业发达的国家,乳猪3周龄或4周龄断奶已被广泛地应用于生产。我国哺乳期少于5周龄的早期断奶尚处于试验和探索阶段。这是因为发达国家养育仔猪有良好的控温条件,为早期断奶仔猪提供了适宜的温度;同时,在断奶仔猪料中配有较多的乳清粉,对仔猪的消化道有良好作用,故能获得令人满意的生长速度。但是由于乳清粉价     

单味免疫增强剂对雏鸡免疫功能各项指标的影响研究

将90羽健康蛋雏鸡随机分成9组,每组10羽,其中Ⅰ组为对照组,Ⅱ～Ⅸ为试验组.用中草药黄芪多糖、淫羊藿多糖、当归多糖、生物制剂犊牛胸腺肽、化学合成药左旋咪唑、脂质体、维生素E和亚硒酸钠8种具有免疫增强作用的药物,配合鸡新城疫(ND-lasota)疫苗注射使用,采用β-微量血凝抑制试验(ND-HI),α-醋酸萘酯酶染色(ANAE)及试验各组免疫器官相对重量的变化,检测了参试雏鸡的三项免疫指标.结果表明,所选用的药物都不同程度的增强了鸡的免疫功能,并依据其自然特性、免疫增强机理及其特异性,从中筛选出了5种免疫增强剂药物,为下一步筛选高效、经济、实用的复合免疫增强剂的研究提供依据.     

Lentivirus-induced immune dysregulation

FIV/HIV infections are associated with an early robust humoral and cellular anti-viral immune response followed by a progressive immune suppression that eventually results in AIDS. Several mechanisms responsible for this immune dysfunction have been proposed including cytokine dysregulation, immunologic anergy and apoptosis, and inappropriate activation of immune regulatory cells. Studies on FIV infection provide evidence for all three. Cytokine alterations include decreases in IL2 and IL12 production and increases in IFNγ and IL10 in FIV⁺ cats compared to normal cats. The elevated IL10:IL12 ratio is associated with the inability of FIV⁺ cats to mount a successful immune response to secondary pathogens. Additionally, chronic antigenic (FIV) stimulation results in an increase in the percent of activated T cells expressing B7 and CTLA4 co-stimulatory molecules in infected cats. The expression of these molecules is associated with T cells that are undergoing apoptosis in the lymph nodes. As ligation of CTLA4 by B7 transduces a signal for induction of anergy, one can speculate that the activated T cells are capable of T cell–T cell interactions resulting in anergy and apoptosis. The inability of CD4⁺ cells from FIV⁺ cats to produce IL2 in response to recall antigens and the gradual loss of CD4⁺ cell numbers could be due to B7–CTLA4 interactions. The chronic antigenemia may also lead to activation of CD4⁺CD25⁺ T regulatory cells. Treg cells from FIV⁺ cats are chronically activated and inhibit the mitogen-induced proliferative response of CD4⁺CD25⁻ by down-regulating IL2 production. Although Treg cell activation can be antigen-specific, the suppressor function is not, and thus activated Treg cells would suppress responses to secondary pathogens as well as to FIV. Concomitant with the well-known virus-induced immune suppression is a progressive immune hyper-activation. Evidence for immune hyper-activation includes polyclonal B cell responses, gradual replacement of naïve CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cell phenotypes with activation phenotypes (CD62L⁻, B7⁺, CTLA4⁺), and the chronic activation of CD4⁺CD25⁺ Treg cells. Thus lentivirus infections lead to severe immune dysregulation manifested as both chronic immune suppression and chronic immune activation. FIV infection of cats provides a number of advantages over other lentivirus infections as a model to study this immune dysregulation. It is a natural infection that has existed in balance with the cat's immune system for thousands of years. As such, the natural history and pathogenesis provides an excellent model to study the long-term relationships between AIDS lentivirus and host immune system function/dysregulation.     

猪细小病毒BQ株灭活疫苗免疫剂量及免疫持续期的初步研究

为确定猪细小病毒(PPV)BQ株灭活疫苗(PPV-BQ)的免疫剂量及免疫持续期,本研究与市场上销售的2种PPV灭活疫苗A和B进行了比较。试验分6组,每组免疫3头PPV抗体阴性猪,1组～3组分别免疫BQ株灭活疫苗1mL、2mL、4mL,4组～5组按照说明书免疫A、B两种PPV灭活疫苗,6组为阴性对照组(免疫油佐剂)。两周后进行二免,定期检测血清抗体水平。结果表明,注射疫苗组均产生了PPV抗体,都能持续到免疫后24周。免疫不同剂量PPV-BQ各组间抗体水平差异不显著(p0.05),PPV-BQ与PPV-A抗体水平差异不显著(p0.05),与PPV-B抗体水平差异极显著(p0.01),显著优于PPV-B。PPV-BQ1mL免疫剂量即可达到或超过同类产品的免疫效果,是较为理想的PPV灭活疫苗。     

African trypanosomosis: from immune escape and immunopathology to immune intervention

African trypanosomes can cause prolonged chronic infections through a mechanism of antigen variation whereby they manipulate the humoral immune system of their hosts. However, besides antigenic variation these extracellular parasites exert other immunoregulatory activities mainly mediated by innate cells in particular macrophage-like (M) cells. In this review, the modulation of M cells through parasite factors and host cytokines as well as their role in parasite control and immunopathology will be examined. The concept of M cell polarization into distinct activation states (M1, M2) that may contribute to trypanosusceptibility or resistance will be discussed. Finally, the possibility to interfere with such activation states hereby providing new therapeutical modalities in the treatment of this infectious disease will be illustrated.     

爱犬的免疫常识

要想爱犬少生病、不生病,我们作为犬主人一定要懂得犬的一些基本的免疫常识。一、选择好疫苗疫苗的好坏直接关系到免疫后的效果。质量差的疫苗不但起不到免     

免疫乳及其研究进展

随着人民生活水平的提高,城乡居民更加注重饮食结构和饮食健康。越来越多的居民已经了解了牛初乳的营养价值极其免疫功能,并且也有对初乳及初乳制品的购买需求,因此在这样的市场环境下,较之初乳及初乳制品更具保健功效的免疫乳及免疫初乳方面的研究也就应运而生了。1免疫乳的概