玉米秸杆中棉籽壳的含量对平菇产量的影响

利用玉米秸杆－棉籽壳基质栽培平菇，菌丝生长速度快，满袋时间比棉籽壳提前6d，子实体生长符合指数增长曲线，子实体生长速度的高峰期比棉籽壳滞后，出菇期比棉籽壳长，采用玉米秸杆和棉籽壳按1：1混合袋栽平菇，生物学效率可高达138％，投入产出比为1：2．46。     

玉米秸秆中棉籽壳的含量对平菇产量的影响

利用玉米秸杆-棉籽壳基质栽培平菇，菌丝生长速度快，满袋时间比棉籽壳提前6d，子实体生长符合指数增长曲线，子实体生长速度的高峰期比棉籽壳滞后，出菇期比棉籽壳长。采用玉米秸杆和棉籽壳按1∶1混合袋栽平菇，生物学效率可高达138%。投入产出比为1∶2.46。     

玉米秸秆培养料栽培草菇试验

试验结果表明，玉米秸秆生产草菇是可行的，整个栽培周期为12-15d。子实体的生长速度符合曲线y=0．631x3-2．837x2 4．232x-0．643(1≤x≤6)的走势。阳畦栽培草菇的子实体产量明显高于木箱栽培草菇的子实体产量。草菇子实体不同部位的组织分离物在玉米秸秆制成的母种培养基上生长旺盛、生活力强。其中，以菌盖表皮下菌肉组织在玉米秸秆培养料中的生长速度最快，菌丝5d便可以长满培养料。     

糙皮侧耳在玉米秸秆中的生长发育规律

利用玉米秸秆生产糙皮侧耳,菌丝生长规律符合逻辑斯第曲线,子实体生长规律符合指数增长曲线,菌丝生长速度优于棉籽壳培养料,子实体生长的高峰期比棉籽壳培养料滞后,出菇期比棉籽壳培养料长。将玉米秸秆和棉籽壳按1:1混合袋栽糙皮侧耳,生物学效率达145％。     

金针菇不同生长时期培养基质中菌丝相对生物量的确定

在考察了金针菇(Flammulina velutipes)培养料中DNA含量、基质对菌丝DNA提取影响的基础上,以工厂化瓶栽金针菇培养物为材料,以菌丝DNA含量为指标,检测了菌丝长满基质、幼菇约3cm、8cm和子实体采收时(约16cm)4个生长阶段培养瓶中不同部位基质的菌丝相对生物量。结果表明:不同位置培养基质菌丝相对生物量有明显差异;在子实体生长过程中,菌丝体生物量消耗速度与基质和子实体间的距离成反比。     

8个优良杏鲍菇品种比较

1材料和方法1.1参试品种杏鲍菇品种分别为福建1号、2号 ,河南3号、7号 ,北京4号 ,日本5号 ,台湾6号 ,山东8号。试验品种采用随机排列。1.2培养料配方母种培养基 ,采用PDA培养基。原种培养基配方为 :棉籽皮78%、麸皮20 %、白糖1%、石膏粉1 %。栽培种及栽培袋培养基同原种。1.3观测方法接种后每天观察各菌株的生长 ,并测量菌丝生长速度。当菌丝在栽培袋中生长到2/3时 ,观察菌丝生长和子实体原基的形成情况 ,并记录菌丝长满培养料的天数 ,采收时观察子实体的形态 ,并记录每潮菇产量 ,累计总产量 ,最后对测量的数据进行统计分析。2结果分析2.1…     

玉米和大豆混合秸秆对榆黄蘑生长的影响

以玉米秸秆和大豆秸秆为主要试材,以榆黄蘑的菌丝生长速度,生长势污染率、商品菇性状、生物转化率、投入和产出作为主要指标,研究这2种混合秸秆对榆黄蘑菌丝体和子实体生长的影响,评估这2种混合秸秆栽培榆黄蘑的可行性。结果表明:玉米秸秆和大豆秸秆栽培榆黄蘑的产量指标和经济效益较好,故这2种混合秸秆(玉米秸秆30%、大豆秸秆69%、石灰1%)栽培榆黄蘑是可行的。     

不同脱袋方式覆土栽培姬菇比较试验

采用不同脱袋覆土方式栽培姬菇,分析各处理对姬菇菌丝生长情况、子实体性状及产量的影响,并对姬菇子实体营养成分进行了测定.结果表明:处理1姬菇菌丝生长和子实体性状表现较好、产量最高(2.70 kg/m2)并与对照(袋栽出菇)差异达到极显著水平;覆土栽培姬菇的子实体脂肪、多糖、粗纤维、蛋白质含量比对照高,鲜味更浓郁.     

草菇高产栽培技术

利用对草菇双核菌丝进行诱变处理及碱性驯化获得高产优良菌株。采用在麦秸上面放棉籽皮栽培草菇的方法,对高产菌株用麦秸作温床和不放麦秸（CK）培养菌丝及栽培草菇进行了研究。结果表明：用麦秸作温床处理草菇菌丝生长优于对照,但存在差异,用麦秸作温床0.5 min诱变菌株效果最佳,表现为菌丝生长快、菌丝健壮、出菇早、子实体性状优良、抵抗杂菌能力强、产量高。     

阿魏菇A196菌株栽培性状及基质研究

以中科院新疆生物土壤沙漠研究所培育的阿魏菇A194为出发菌株,通过紫外线诱变育种、单菌落培养等系统选育,选育出阿魏菇A196菌株。栽培实验表明,该菌株在菌丝生长速度、菌丝生长势、1潮菇生物学效率及子实体平均鲜重等性状方面优势显著,生物转化率平均高达105.1%。生产上宜采用17 cm×25 cm小袋栽培,基质以棉籽皮73%、玉米芯5%、麦麸皮20%、白糖1%、石膏1%为最佳。     

Effects of radiation from 188Re on smooth muscle cell proliferation

AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β^-particles emission from ¹⁸⁸Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by ¹⁸⁸Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of ¹⁸⁸Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from ¹⁸⁸ Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G₀/G₁ arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation.     

Effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin and expression of c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy

AIM:To study the effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin (ET) and the expression of proto-oncogene c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy. METHODS: The level of c-fos mRNA were measured by in situ hybridization. The ET in plasma were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS:After eight weeks of treatment with L-Arg, the expression of c-fos decreased markedly (P＜0.01). The ET content in plasma also decreased significantly by L-Arg(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: Plasma ET content and the expression of c-fos in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy could be decreased by L-Arg administration.     

Relationship between renal hypertension and cardiac α1-adrenoceptor autoantibodies in rats

AIM: To examine the autoantibody against α₁-adrenoceptor and its biologic activities during the development of renal hypertension. METHODS: Renal hypertension of rat was achieved by clipped renal artery, the titre of autoantibody to α₁-adrenoceptor was detected using ELISA immunoassay. Furthermore, the biological offects of these autoantibodies on cultured cardiomyocytes were also examined. RESULTS: After two weeks of clipping renal arteries, both the frequency of occurrence and the titre of autoantibodies to cardiac α₁-adrenergic receptor were significantly increased as compared with the control of pre-treatment. The increased autoantibodies lasted for several weeks and then automatically decreased gradually to the pre-clipping level at 12 weeks. The biological effects of these autoantibodies displayed an "agonistic-like" activities on the beating frequency of cultured neonatal cardiomyocytes. CONCLUSION: Autoantibodies against α₁-adrenoceptor may play a role in the elevation of peripheral vascular resistance and in the development of cardiac hypertrophy in rats with renal hypertension.     

Compositional and Functional Properties of Saskatoon Berry and Blueberry

Abstract

Saskatoon berry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt., Rosaceae) and blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L., Ericaceae) are substantially equivalent in all characteristics that are important to the consumer, including fruit color, shape, size, nutrition, texture, and uses. In addition, both fruits are native to North America and they have practically identical historical uses and known health benefits. Their composition, processing, nutritional value and metabolism, intended uses, and levels of undesirable substances are compared.     

Cryopreservation of shoot apices of hawthorn in vitro cultures originating from East Asia

The objective of this study was to establish a cryopreservation protocol for hawthorn shoot apices (Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.). Cryopreservation was carried out via encapsulation–dehydration, vitrification, and encapsulation–vitrification on shoot apices excised from in vitro cultures. We began by showing that cold-acclimation enhanced the regrowth of cryopreserved apices from 10.0 to 65.5% in encapsulation–dehydration. We then decided that the encapsulation–dehydration method was an optimal cryopreservation method for hawthorn shoot apices in terms of its high recovery after cryopreservation as well as its ease of use compared with vitrification and encapsulation–vitrification. In encapsulation–dehydration, the protocol leading to optimal regrowth was as follows: after cold-acclimation at 5 °C in the dark for 2 weeks, excised shoot tips were pretreated for 24 h at 25 °C on hormone-free Murashige and Skoog [Murashige, T., Skoog, F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol. Plant. 15, 473–497] (MS) basal medium with 0.4 mol/L sucrose, then encapsulated and precultured in liquid MS medium with 0.8 mol/L sucrose for 16 h at 25 °C. Precultured beads were dehydrated for 6 h at 25 °C in the dessicator containing 50 g silica gel to a moisture content of 15.3% (fresh-weight basis) before cryostorage for 1 h. In addition, we examined the effect of adding glycerol to both the alginate beads and loading solution to enhance regrowth after cryopreservation in encapsulation–dehydration. In the present study, it was shown that adding 0.5 mol/L glycerol resulted in high regrowth percentages (82.5–90.0%) in four Crataegus species.     

Influence of Mineral Nutrients on Strawberry Fruit Quality and Their Accumulation in Plant Organs

Abstract

This review is based partly on complete articles and partly on abstracts. Three of the 60 articles deal with the total uptake of elements in strawberry plant organs in two different strawberry production systems, both considered as optimal concerning amount and balance of elements. The effect on fruit quality may be dramatic if the level of a particular element is outside this range, but there may also be effects initiated by differences within the optimal range of elements. Most articles refer to product oriented quality, but some focus on consumer oriented quality, as discussed by Shewfelt (1999). The discussion here is on a general basis, so one should keep in mind that there are cultivar differences and that specification of nutrition ideally should mirror the needs of a single cultivar, or a group of cultivars with similar requirements. Also, to get a complete understanding of the subject future reviews should embrace a broader access of information including the effect on plant development of individual elements, such as the role of calcium in fruit firmness and its importance in cell wall structure. However, the intention here is to narrow the information to results that suggest a direct connection between nutrient uptake and fruit quality.     

多效唑对猕猴桃离体试管苗生长及内源激素的影响

多效唑（ＰＰ３３３）处理猕猴桃试管苗，降低了其生长强度；植株体内的ＧＡ３、ＩＡＡ和ＺＴ含量下降，ＡＢＡ的含量上升，乙烯释放率增加；并且能降低外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ促进生长的作用，而外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ又能不同程度地逆转多效唑的抑制作用，使植株恢复生长。     

Proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin

AIM: To investigate and screen the sensitive proteins in the formation mechanism of pathological scars by comparing the results of differential proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin.METHODS: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to detect the protein expression profiles in 8 keloid patients, 8 hypertrophic scar patients and 3 matched normal skin patients.The proteins that showed differential expression of over 4-fold change were cut and analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry.RESULTS: A two-dimensional protein profiling comparison between pathological scars and normal skin was successfully established.On average, 2 978 spots in keloid, 2 975 spots in hypertrophic scar and 3 053 spots in normal skin were identified using gel analysis software.Compared with normal skin, there were totally 36 differentially-expressed proteins in keloid and hypertrophic scar identified from the spots of over 4-fold change, including 16 proteins in both keloid and hypertrophic scar (8 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated), 11 only in keloid (9 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated) and 9 only in hypertrophic scar (4 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated).CONCLUSION: Proteomic analysis can identify the proteins with variance of pathological scars versus normal skin, thus providing probable new clues to reveal the formation mechanism of pathological scars.     

Metallothionein inhibits homocysteine-induced proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM:To investigate the effect of metallothionein(MT) on proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) stimulated by homocysteine and its mechanism. METHODS:VSMCs proliferation was measured by [³-H]-TdR incorporation, mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)activity were determined by immunoprecipitation method, the intracellular contents of MT and malondialdehyde (MDA)were assayed by -hemoglobin saturation method and TBA reaction, respectively, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage was measured by NADH oxidation. RESULTS:Hcy(10^-6-10^-4 mmol/L) stimulated [³-H]-TdR incorporation by the VSMCs in a concentration-dependent manner. Compared with control, [³-H]-TdR incorporation in VSMCs treated with 0.1 mmol/L Hcy was increased by 4.2 fold (P＜0.01). Meanwhile, Hcy enhanced MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment of VSMCs with MT alone did not change above parameters, compared with control. However, MT (10^-6-10^-4 mol/L)attenuated significantly Hcy-stimulated proliferation of VSMCs (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. And MT inhibited obviously Hcy-induced activation of MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release. Preincubation of VSMCs with 0.5 mmol/L ZnCl₂ for 6 h induced an increase cellular MT content by 5.7-fold (P＜0.01). The MT-overexpressed VSMCs resisted Hcy-stimulating action on MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH leakage (P＜0.01). CONCLUSION:These results show that MT has an inhibitory effect on Hcy-induced VSMCs proliferation, and that MT could inhibit Hcy-stimulated MAPK activity and lipid peroxidation.     

Mixed-severity fire regime in a high-elevation forest of Grand Canyon,Arizona, USA

Fire regime characteristics of high-elevation forests on the North Rim of the Grand Canyon, Arizona, were reconstructed from fire scar analysis, remote sensing, tree age, and forest structure measurements, a first attempt at detailed reconstruction of the transition from surface to stand-replacing fire patterns in the Southwest. Tree densities and fire-/non-fire-initiated groups were highly mixed over the landscape, so distinct fire-created stands could not be delineated from satellite imagery or the oldest available aerial photos. Surface fires were common from 1700 to 1879 in the 4,400 ha site, especially on S and W aspects. Fire dates frequently coincided with fire dates measured at study sites at lower elevation, suggesting that pre-1880 fire sizes may have been very large. Large fires, those scarring 25% or more of the sample trees, were relatively infrequent, averaging 31 years between burns. Four of the five major regional fire years occurred in the 1700s, followed by a 94-year gap until 1879. Fires typically occurred in significantly dry years (Palmer Drought Stress Index), with severe drought in major regional fire years. Currently the forest is predominantly spruce-fir, mixed conifer, and aspen. In contrast, dendroecological reconstruction of past forest structure showed that the forest in 1880 was very open, corresponding closely with historical (1910) accounts of severe fires leaving partially denuded landscapes. Age structure and species composition were used to classify sampling points into fire-initiated and non-fire-initiated groups. Tree groups on nearly 60% of the plots were fire-initiated; the oldest such groups appeared to have originated after severe fires in 1782 or 1785. In 1880, all fire-initiated groups were less than 100 years old and nearly 25% of the groups were less than 20 years old. Non-fire-initiated groups were significantly older (oldest 262 years in 1880), dominated by ponderosa pine, Douglas-fir, or white fir, and occurred preferentially on S and W slopes. The mixed-severity fire regime, transitioning from lower-elevation surface fires to mixed surface and stand-replacing fire at higher elevations, appeared not to have been stable over the temporal and spatial scales of this study. Information about historical fire regime and forest structure is valuable for managers but the information is probably less specific and stable for high-elevation forests than for low-elevation ponderosa pine forests.This revised version was published online in May 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.