家禽精子迁移率与精子运动参数的相关性分析

确定不同迁移率精子的运动特征对进一步了解家禽受精机理、提高繁殖效率具有重要意义。利用计算机辅助精子质量分析(CASA)方法测定37只白洛克公鸡的精液质量,同时使用Froman方法测定公鸡的精子迁移率,对高、低不同精子迁移率组的精子运动参数进行对比分析。结果表明:精子迁移率和精子直线运动速度、曲线运动速度、线性度呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。高迁移率组在精子曲线运动速度、直线运动速度、平均路径速度、线性度4个指标上明显大于低迁移率组(P<0.05)。精子运动速度和直线性与精子迁移率密切相关。     

鹅精子迁移率与精子运动参数关系及其对自然交配鹅群繁殖效率的影响

实验旨在研究不同精子迁移率对鹅群繁殖效率的影响,选择体况健康、发育良好同批次的24月龄种公鹅、体重变异范围为3.70～4.60 kg的30只公鹅单笼饲养,连续5次采精,测定鹅的精子迁移率,同时测定精液质量性状和精子运动参数。将30只公鹅精子迁移率按照由高到低排序,并依据高与低迁移率组之间至少相差一个标准差原则分出高、低2组,每组6只,与母鹅按（1:5）的比例混群。收集种蛋（高精子迁移率组206枚,低精子迁移率组167枚）并孵化。采用分子遗传标记进行亲子鉴定,计算每只公鹅的后代数,比较高、低迁移率组公鹅的遗传贡献率（GCR）差异。结果表明：精子迁移率与精子活力、活率、密度呈正相关（P<0.01）,与畸形率呈负相关（P<0.01）;精子迁移率与运动参数中平均路径速度、直线运动速度、曲线运动速度、前向性呈正相关（P<0.01）,与直线性、鞭打频率呈正相关（P<0.05）,与侧摆幅度、平均移动角度呈负相关（P>0.05）。高、低精子迁移率组精子迁移率分别为0.37和0.12 absorbance(P<0.01),受精率分别为93.69%和84.46%(P&l...     

不同家禽卵黄对德国牧羊犬精液冷冻的影响

为了探索不同家禽卵黄在德国牧羊犬精液冷冻中的应用效果,分别在精液冷冻稀释液中添加不同家禽(鸽、鸡、鸭、鹅和鹌鹑)和不同浓度(10%、15%、20%、25%和30%)的卵黄,并分别对冷冻前和解冻后的精子活率、顶体完整率和畸形率进行比较分析。结果:在德国牧羊犬精液冷冻稀释液中加入相同浓度的5种不同家禽卵黄,家鸽组冻后活率、顶体完整率和畸形率分别为(52.0±2.1)%、(54.3±3.7)%和(27.7±1.8)%,对德国牧羊犬精液冷冻有最佳的保护效果,其最佳浓度为20%。因此,鸽卵黄可替代鸡卵黄,作为冷冻稀释液的组成成分,用于德国牧羊犬的精液冷冻。     

清洁水源在家禽生产中的重要性

一、水对家禽的重要性 水是维持生命活功的重要物质,无论哪种生物,缺水都不能生存,家禽也不例外。水在家禽体内参与各种代谢反应。家禽从摄入食物到废物的排泄,无时无刻都离不开水。水在家禽体内造成一个液体环境,使其物质代谢、生理循环能够正常进行。据测定,1日龄雏鸡、成鸡、鸡蛋的含水量分别为85%、55%和65%,而鸡粪亦含水75%以上。     

家禽应激综合征

随着烈性传染病得到控制,养殖业方面的经济损失常常是由应激反应所引起的.应激反应在不同品种、年龄、性别的家禽中存在着较大的差异.鸡、鸽比鹅、鸭反应强烈;年龄的应激反应率为幼龄＞大龄＞老龄;性别的应激反应率为:公鸡＞母鸡.据报道,由于温度和光线所致的应激发生率可高达40%～60%,死亡率分别为:鸡23%～31%,鸭14%～24%,鹅14%～21%.当前我国研究较多的是热应激和冷应激.     

四种活体染色法评定家禽精子形态的研究

精子形态学检测是预测精子功能最有价值的指标之一,形态异常精子越多受精率越低。用4种伊红-苯胺黑活体染色法(Blom、Bakst、Morisson、Jaskowski)评价三黄鸡和贵妃鸡的精子形态,结果表明:染色方法显著影响精子形态,但不影响精子活率,染液对精子自然形态的保持至关重要。Blom染色法导致精子头部膨胀,畸形精子显著增多(P≤0.01),Bakst、Morisson和Jaskowski染色法均可作为评定家禽精子形态的实用方法,其中Jaskowski染色方法最简便经济,值得在家禽生产中推广应用。     

促性腺激素对坝上长尾公鸡精液品质影响

为探究促性腺激素对坝上长尾公鸡精液品质的影响,本试验选用28周龄健康、体重一致的坝上长尾公鸡36只,随机分成3组,每组12只,将三个组别分别注射0、10、40IU促卵泡素,每间隔12h重复注射,第4天注射100 IU的人绒毛膜促性腺激素(h CG),在第7天对36只鸡进行人工采精,收集各组数据并进行对比分析。采精后用生理盐水溶液对原精液进行5倍、10倍、15倍稀释,然后进行精液品质检查。在显微镜下观察,测得不同稀释倍数生理盐水溶液在低温条件下对精子活率的影响。结果显示,注射促卵泡素10、40IU与对照组相比差异极显著(P0.01);对照组与注射10IU促卵泡素、注射40IU促卵泡素的各个分组中精子畸形率数据表现为差异极显著(P0.01);稀释处理后的精液在低温保存下结果显示,稀释5倍的精子保存6 h后活率无显著变化(P0.05),稀释10倍和15倍的两组的精子活率则显著降低(P0.05);在低温保存12 h后,稀释10倍和15倍的精子活率均显著低于稀释5倍的精子活率(P0.05)。结果表明,注射促卵泡素可以提高精子活率,降低精子畸形率;精液稀释倍数不同,稀释倍数越高的精子活率越低,稀释倍数越低的精子活率越高;每只最佳注射剂量为10 IU,精液稀释倍数不超过5倍。     

复合中草药添加剂对吉林黑羽种公鸡繁殖性能的影响

本试验采用单因子试验设计,将体质状况相近的吉林黑羽种公鸡48只,种母鸡672只,随机分成2组,每组24只种公鸡,336只种母鸡。每组4个重复,每个重复6只种公鸡和84只种母鸡。预饲期7 d,试验期40 d。种公鸡对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组在基础日粮之上添加0.2%浓度的复合中草药添加剂。种母鸡试验组与对照组饲喂相同日粮。测定种公鸡采精量、精子活力、精子密度、精子畸形率、pH值、种蛋受精率及孵化率,探究复合中草药添加剂对种公鸡繁殖性能的影响。结果显示:试验组采精量、精子活力、精子密度较对照组分别提高了0.25%、2.63%(p 0.05)、5.03%(p 0.01),精子畸形率下降0.70%。试验组种蛋受精率、孵化率相比于对照组分别提高了1.32%(p 0.05)、2.52%(p 0.05)。     

有机硒在家禽生产中的应用

40多年前,硒就被确定为动物的必需营养元素,常规地添加在家禽饲料中。随着对硒的研究进一步深入,人们开始重新考虑使用什么形式的硒对家禽是最有效的,以及硒在家禽生产中应用的一些要点。科研人员建议应在家禽饲料中使用或添加有机硒。一.硒与公鸡的繁殖性能对硒蛋白的研究结果使我们了解了硒参与精子质量的维持。实际上,在精子结构中存在多种硒蛋白,例如,谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px),是5个抗氧化酶家族中的一员,它的作用是防止自由基和自由基代谢的有毒物质对精子的不良影响。硫氧还蛋白还原酶(thioredoxinreductase)也参与精子的抗氧化…     

家禽精液冷冻保存

家禽精液冷冻保存技术可以有效地保护许多由于受到育成品种冲击而濒临灭绝的地方品种,保持家禽遗传资源的多样性。因此,家禽精液冷冻保存在家禽育种中有着非常重要的意义。关于家禽精液冷冻保存的研究,鸡是最早的研究对象。1941年Shaffner等用-6℃冷冻保存30秒的精液输精获第一只小鸡,1949年英国学者Polge等发现甘油具有对精子低温保护功能,从而开创了精液低温保存的历史。自此以后,人们对精液冷冻保存进行了许多研究,如防冻剂的选择、冷冻方法、冷冻速度、解冻方法、冷冻后精子形态和活力的变化以及冷冻后精液的输精量和输精部位等等,使得…     

冻存液添加蜂王浆主蛋白对精子品质的影响

目的 精液冷冻保存作为人工授精不可或缺的一个技术环节,对优质畜禽种群的繁衍和保存有着至关重要的意义。目前,因精液冻存时冻存液成分、冷冻方法和外部氧化应激等因素影响,导致冻存精液品质不一。蜂王浆（RJ）已被证明能提高动物精液品质,蜂王浆主蛋白（MRJPs）作为RJ主要生物活性成分物质,具有多种生物活性和抗氧化能力。方法 为提高冻存精子品质,本研究开展了在公牛精液冻存液中添加不同浓度（0 g/25 mL、0.01 g/25 mL、0.02 g/25 mL、0.03 g/25 mL、0.04 g/25 mL）的MRJPs冻干粉,对冻存48 h后解冻精子的总活力、前进性活力、畸形率等相关参数进行了观察评估。结果 添加MRJPs呈浓度依赖性方式显著降低精子总活力、快速前进性活力、缓慢前进性活力和直行性活力（P<0.05）,而且精子畸形率和精子原地移动活力与对照组相比无显著差异（P> 0.05）。结论 精液冻存液中添加MRJPs会抑制冻存精子活力,因此,对MRJPs能以何种方式提高精液品质的研究还需要进一步开展。     

Selection of red deer spermatozoa with different cryoresistance using density gradients

The objective of sperm selection media is selecting the best spermatozoa and to remove seminal plasma and diluent for using them in assisted reproductive techniques. It is known that individuals show different cryoresistance in response to the same freezing procedure. Our hypothesis was that the efficacy of selection media could be dissimilar for samples with different sperm quality after thawing. Epididymal sperm samples from mature Iberian red deer were collected and frozen. Males were classified as with high post‐thaw sperm quality when sperm motility (SM) ≥ 70%, or as with low post‐thaw sperm quality when SM ≤ 69%. Samples were centrifuged using the following density gradients (DG): Percoll^®, Puresperm^® and Bovipure^?, and several functional sperm parameters were assessed after sperm selecting and washing. Males classified with high sperm quality had higher post‐thawing values (p > .05) for all parameters evaluated, except for linearity index, than those categorized as low sperm quality. After selection, some sperm characteristics improved (viability, apoptosis and mitochondrial activity) for both groups, showing the males with high sperm quality higher values in all sperm parameters except for kinematic traits and DNA fragmentation index (%DFI), regardless of DG. Bovipure^? yield lower values of sperm motility, viability, apoptosis and mitochondrial activity in relation to Percoll^® and Puresperm^® considering both quality groups. There was an interaction between the type of DG and sperm quality group for sperm viability (p = .040) and apoptosis (p = .003). Thus, Percoll^® selected less live and more apoptotic spermatozoa than Puresperm^® and Bovipure^? for males with low sperm quality. In conclusion, the DG are more efficient selecting spermatozoa from samples with high sperm quality, acting differently depending on initial sperm quality.     

Addition of oxytocin to semen extender improves both sperm transport to the oviduct and conception rates in pigs following AI

Oxytocin (OXT) contained in boar semen is known to produce uterine contraction; therefore, we hypothesized that the co‐injection of OXT with sperm would improve artificial insemination (AI) using liquid or frozen‐thawed boar sperm. We initially examined whether OXT added to semen extender improved sperm transport to the oviduct. Although the addition of OXT did not affect the fresh or frozen‐thawed sperm motility or acrosomal integrity, it significantly increased the number of sperm in the oviduct at 6 h after AI injection with OXT, as compared with the control (P < 0.05). Moreover, some sperm were observed in the sperm reservoir of the isthmus in the OXT treatment group, whereas few sperm were observed in the control. When OXT was added to the semen extender immediately prior to AI, the conception rates were significantly higher in both fresh semen and frozen‐thawed semen than in the control group (P < 0.05: liquid, 87.5% vs. 70.5%; frozen‐thawed, 89.8% vs. 75.0%). From these results, we concluded that the addition of OXT to the semen extender assisted in sperm transportation from the uterus to the oviduct, which resulted in improved reproductive performance.     

Use of the Sperm Quality Analyzer (SQA II‐C) for the Assessment of Dog Sperm Quality

In the present study, an automated system for sperm analysis, the Sperm Quality Analyzer (SQA II‐C), was tested as a potential tool for the assessment of dog sperm quality. In the first experiment the device displayed a good repeatability of measurements for semen of medium and high quality, as evidenced by a low coefficient of variance (CV; 0.08), whereas a high CV (0.46) was obtained for one dog with semen of inferior quality. In the second experiment, seven different sperm concentrations (25–300 ×10⁶/ml), obtained by dilutions in Hepes‐TALP medium were stored for 48 h at room temperature. A concentration dependent increase in sperm motility index (SMI) was shown, reaching a plateau at 150×10⁶ spermatozoa/ml. For all sperm concentrations, the SMI value decreased significantly after 24 h, indicating the importance of sperm motility for SMI values. For sperm concentrations lower than 150×10⁶/ml, highly significant correlations [r=0.80;p<0.05] were established between SMI values on one hand and sperm concentration, and semen parameters expressing the overall semen sample quality on the other hand (experiment 3) while non‐significant or low correlations were found between SMI values and other individual sperm parameters. In experiment 4, significantly high correlations (r=0.97) were found between mean SMI values and post‐thaw motility and progressive motility assessed subjectively. In conclusion, our study indicates that both motility and concentration largely influence SMI values and that the SQA II‐C saturates at 150×10⁶ fresh spermatozoa/ml. In our opinion, the SQA II‐C may be a useful and objective device to assess the post‐thaw motility of dog sperm.     

线粒体靶向抗氧化剂Mitoquinone对湖羊冻精损伤的保护作用

旨在研究线粒体靶向抗氧化剂Mitoquinone（MitoQ）对湖羊冷冻精子的保护作用。本研究选择健康的成年种公羊精液,将其分成6等份。不含MitoQ者设为对照组（M0）,M1、M2、M3、M4和M5组分别为含50、100、150、200和400 nmol·L^-1MitoQ的添加组。精子经冷冻解冻后检测活率、活力、质膜完整率、顶体完整率和线粒体活性等精子质量指标,同时进行超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）、活性氧（ROS）、丙二醛（MDA）等抗氧化指标检测。结果表明,当MitoQ添加的浓度为150 nmol·L^-1（M3组）时,其解冻后精子的活率、活力、质膜完整率、顶体完整率和线粒体活性最高,分别达55.00%、52.34%、48.32%、54.51%和51.28%,其线粒体活性显著高于其他组（P<0.05）。M3组解冻后精子的SOD和GSH-Px值分别为203.90 U·mL^-1和123.62 U·L^-1,两者均显著高于M0、M1、M4和M5组（P<0.05）;M3组解冻后精子的ROS和MDA值分别为298.34 U·mL^-1和4.99 nmol·L^-1,显著低于其他组（P<0.05）。当MitoQ的添加浓度提高至200（M4组）和400 nmol·L^-1（M5组）时,冻精质量开始下降,并表现为对精子的氧化损伤。在湖羊冷冻精液中,添加150 nmol·L^-1的MitoQ可显著降低精子氧化损伤,提高冻精品质,当MitoQ的添加浓度超过200 nmol·L^-1时对冷冻精子没有保护作用。     

家兔精液品质评定方法的研究进展

家兔精子质量的评定,对于人工授精技术和体外受精技术的应用具有重要意义。用于反映精子质量的主要指标有：精液量、精子密度和形态、精子运动力、活率、质膜完整性、顶体完整性、精子染色质状态、线粒体活性和受精能力的检测。目前,多指标联合检测是生产中评定精子质量的有效方法。本文对上述指标的评定方法作一综述,并对其应用前景进行了展望。     

Lipid and protein oxidation levels in spermatozoa and seminal plasma of Asian Elephants (Elephas maximus) and their relationship with semen parameters

Peroxidation damage to spermatozoa and seminal plasma has an important role in sperm quality. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine the levels of lipid and protein oxidation in spermatozoa and seminal plasma of Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) with varying percentage of progressive motility. Lipid and protein oxidation was measured by the thiobarbituric acid‐reactive species (TBARS) assay and the 2, 4‐dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) carbonyl groups assay, respectively. Fresh semen samples were collected from Asian elephants and classified according to the percentage of motile spermatozoa into good (>60%) and poor (≤20%) motility. Results revealed that seminal plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) and seminal plasma protein carbonyls (PCs) were significantly higher in poor motility than in good motility (p < .05). The MDA and PC levels in seminal plasma were negatively correlated with the percentages of progressive motility (p < .05). In addition, the negative correlation between sperm concentration and seminal plasma MDA level was investigated (p < .05). The sperm viability was also negatively correlated with sperm PC level (p < .05). This study indicated that lipid and protein oxidation has deleterious effect on semen quality of Asian elephants.     

Semen Collection, Examination and Spermiogram in Ostriches

The level of fertility in the male ostrich exerts considerable influence on the efficiency of the fertilization procedure, and thus also on reproductive performance. The determination of the reproductive capacity is of particular interest with regard to the selection of single individuals for optimizing reproduction ratios. Although the breeding and raising of ostriches has become increasingly important in many countries, little research has been completed on reproductive parameters and factors that may possibly influence them. This study presents observations made concerning the quantity and quality of sperm as found in the spermatological testing of 411 ejaculate samples taken from male ostriches on two farms in Namibia. The semen volume varied between 0.1 and 1.5 ml (mean, 0.64 ml). Normal ejaculate colours ranged from white to ivory; the consistency ranged from thin creamy to viscous. The measured pH values lay between 6.4 and 8.0 (mean, 7.3). Microscopic investigations revealed sperm concentrations of 8.9–78.1 million/μl and individual sperm motility from 42 to 96% (mean, 78%). No mass motility was detectable in 42% of the ejaculates; weak mass motility was found in 46%, and clear mass movements were to be found in only 12% of samples. Regarding the morphology of the sperm, 5 to 26% were abnormal (mean, 17%) and 4 to 28% (mean, 20%) were dead. Seasonal patterns of sperm concentration and the influence of frequency of semen collection were investigated in a group of 56 healthy male ostriches. Peak sperm concentrations were found at the beginning of the breeding season in spring; the lowest values were found at the end of the breeding season in autumn. The highest quality ejaculate was obtained from those males whose semen was collected once a week. The results of this study provide fundamental data for the establishment of minimum quality requirements for ostrich sperm to be met by individuals receiving certification as breeding animals and for the selection of suitable males for use in artificial insemination.     

Effect of Oviductal Proteins on Structural and Functional Characteristics of Cryopreserved Sperm in Murrah Buffaloes*

The present study was undertaken to elucidate the effect of non‐luteal oviductal proteins on sperm characteristics in Murrah buffaloes. Oviducts from healthy buffaloes were collected immediately after slaughter and the oestrous cycle phase was determined as either luteal or non‐luteal based on ovarian morphology. Non‐luteal oviducts (n = 80) were flushed from the isthmic end of the oviduct with PBS, fluid was centrifuged at 10 000 g at 4°C for 20 min and then dialysed and clarified. The supernatant obtained was lyophilized to concentrate the protein and stored at ?20°C till use. Sixteen good quality ejaculates from four Murrah buffalo bulls were collected using an artificial vagina. After fresh semen analysis, each ejaculate was split into two parts and extended in Tris–citrate–egg yolk glycerol dilutor. Part I of the split ejaculate was treated with non‐luteal oviductal proteins at the dose rate of 1 mg/ml of diluted semen, while part II remained as control. The extended semen was equilibrated for 4 h at 5°C, filled in 0.5 ml French straws, exposed to LN₂ vapour, plunged into LN₂ and then stored at ?196°C. The equilibrated and frozen–thawed semen was evaluated for sperm motility, viability, acrosomal integrity, cervical mucus penetration test and hypo‐osmotic sperm swelling test (HOST). In frozen–thawed semen, the percentage of sperm motility, viability and acrosomal integrity was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in the treatment group compared to the control group. The incorporation of non‐luteal oviductal proteins in the extender increased the ability of sperm to penetrate cervical mucus both after equilibration and the freeze‐thaw process. Similarly, the proportion of sperm with intact plasma membrane, as revealed by HOST values, was also significantly (p < 0.05) higher in the treatment group (32.6%) than the control group (27%) in frozen–thawed semen. It was inferred that incorporation of non‐luteal whole oviductal fluid proteins improved the sperm quality in frozen–thawed semen in Murrah buffaloes.     

Evaluation of epididymis storage temperature and cryopreservation conditions for improved mitochondrial membrane potential,membrane integrity,sperm motility and in vitro fertilization in bovine epididymal sperm

The maintaining of the epididymis at lower temperatures during storage and transport improves sperm quality. Our study aimed to test whether epididymis storage temperature (post‐mortem) and sperm cryopreservation affect sperm kinetics, membrane integrity, mitochondrial potential and fertility capacity. Thirty‐six epididymides were collected from 18 bulls after slaughter and divided into two groups: at 4 or 34°C for 2–3 hr. The sperm was collected from the epididymis cauda. The evaluation consisted of computer‐assisted sperm analysis (CASA), SYBR14/PI/JC1 to evaluate membrane integrity, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and measurement of lipid peroxidation (TBARS). The sperm was then frozen using an automatic device. After thawing, sperm samples were evaluated by the same variables and further in vitro fertilization rates. Cryopreservation negatively affected sperm motility in samples stored at 4 and 34°C. Nevertheless, the 4°C samples yielded higher rates of blastocyst formation. Pre‐freeze sperm motility, progressive motility and velocity were higher in sperm from epididymis stored at 4°C while post‐thaw sperm motility, progressive motility and velocity remained the same among samples from epididymis stored at 4 or 34°C. However, with regard to the kinetic patterns, samples collected from epididymis stored at 34°C had lower values when compared to those stored at 4°C prior the cryopreservation process. Our results indicate that epididymis handling conditions after cryopreservation may affect sperm quality after thawing, especially due to compromised MMP in sperm collected from epididymis stored at higher temperatures.