酒糟不同处理方法对肉牛增重效果的影响

为了研究酒糟发酵后对肉牛育肥的效果,进行了肉牛分组饲喂育肥试验,观察各组肉牛的生长发育和产肉性能。选择年龄、体重相近的西门塔尔牛与本地黄牛的杂交肉牛30头,随机分为3组:试验Ⅰ组饲喂粗纤维分解剂处理过的酒糟+基础日粮,试验Ⅱ组饲喂益生菌复合剂处理过的酒糟+基础日粮,对照组饲喂基础日粮+酒糟。结果表明:试验Ⅰ组肉牛的日增重1.24 kg,试验Ⅱ组肉牛的日增重1.14 kg,分别比对照组提高了27.84%和17.53%(P0.01),试验Ⅰ组肉牛日增重比试验Ⅱ组提高了8.77%(P0.05);试验Ⅰ组净肉重分别比试验Ⅱ组和对照组提高了4.44%(P0.05)和11.29%(P0.05),试验Ⅱ组净肉重比对照组提高了6.56%(P0.05);试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组的经济效益分别比对照组增加777.40元和489.70元。     

红豆草草粉替代部分精料对奶牛生产性能的影响

选择胎次、体重、健康状况、产奶量相近的甘肃荷斯坦牛24头,随机分为4组（试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组、试验Ⅲ组和对照组）,每组6头,在奶牛日粮配方相同的条件下,分别以10%、20%、30%的红豆草草粉替代部分精料,进行为期60d的饲养试验。试验结果表明,试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组、试验Ⅲ组和对照组相比,产奶量分别提高0.71kg、1.12kg和1.23kg,经济效益分别提高3.02元、5.40元和6.71元。     

育肥猪日粮配方的筛选

为了提供商品瘦肉猪合理的日粮营养水平,进行科学饲养,我们先后进行了两次不同育肥时期的日粮蛋白质和能量水平的比较试验。1.材料与方法1.1.试验猪的选择与分组试验Ⅰ,选择健康和发育正常的杂种仔猪40头,按体重平均分为4个组,每组10头。在预试期内防疫驱虫,平均体重30kg正式进入试验;试验Ⅱ为重复试验。1.2.饲料与饲养利用饲料配方电脑预选出育肥前期和后期的饲料配方各4组,再加入适量的微量元素和维生素。日粮组成和营养成分见表1,体重30～60kg为前期,61～90kg为后期。采用干粉料自由采食,自由饮水。1.3.测定项目试验前、后期及全期的日增重、饲料报酬及胴体     

黑白花公犊肉用最佳育肥期试验报告

黑龙江省粮油食品进出口公司与日本蝶理株式会社及 PG 公司合作对黑白花公犊肉用最佳育肥期的确定及其肉质进行了育肥试验,报告如下:一、材料与方法1.试验牛及分组试验用牛选自黑龙江省阎家岗农场奶牛场未去势的纯黑白花奶牛公犊20头。编号挂牌。根据试牛饲养记录,按月龄段分成1、2、3组。1组19—30月龄,10头;2组12—18月龄,5头;3组9—11月龄,5头(见表)。试验从1987年9月18日开始至1988年2月14日止,共149天。2.育肥期日粮配方全部育肥期间按日方提供日粮配方饲养,配方组合如下:豆饼0.5kg;高粱面1 kg,玉米面2.5kg,酒糟10—15kg;胡萝卜0.5kg,食盐0.025kg,饲料添加剂15g,饲草自由采食,以上饲料均由阎家岗农场提供。     

糊化淀粉尿素用于育肥牛日粮的饲养试验

本试验探讨糊化淀粉尿素应用于育肥牛日粮对其日增重、饲料报酬及经济效益的影响。选择年龄、体重及体况相近的杂交肉牛30头，体重325．9±26．0kg，随机分为3组，每组10头，I组为糊化尿素组，Ⅱ组为添加尿素组，Ⅲ组为对照组（即棉籽饼组）。试验日粮组成为麦秸、鲜酒糟及混合精料。试验期为2个月。试验结果表明，Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组试验牛平均日增重分别为1．393kg、1．03kg和1．14kg，精料／增重分别为3．05:1、3．74：1、4．13:1。试验期间Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组牛的经济效益以糊化尿素组最高，为304元／头；其次棉籽饼组为164元／头；最差为添加尿素组为146．3元／头。     

菌酶混合型饲料添加剂对肉牛生长性能和经济效益的影响

试验旨在研究菌酶混合型添加剂对西门塔尔杂交牛生长性能、营养物质表观消化率及经济效益的影响.选取刚入栏、体重约342.5 kg的幼龄牛45头,随机分为对照组、试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组.对照组肉牛饲喂基础日粮,试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组在肉牛日粮中添加5 g/d和10 g/d菌酶混合型添加剂,每组5个重复,每个重复3头牛.试验期30 d...     

不同蛋白水平日粮对德宏奶水牛体重及产奶量的影响

为探讨德宏奶水牛日粮中不同蛋白水平对其体重及产奶量的影响,进而筛选出德宏奶水牛饲料的最佳配方,本试验选择24头健康的德宏奶水牛,随机分成1个对照组和3个试验组,饲喂不同蛋白水平的饲料。结果表明,试验奶水牛在试验前期、中期、后期平均体重变化差异不显著;各组平均产奶量依次为:对照组1 323.78kg/头,试验Ⅰ组1 282.30 kg/头,试验Ⅱ组1 404.65 kg/头,试验Ⅲ组1 632.82 kg/头。说明配方Ⅲ(粗蛋白12.6%±1.2%)产奶效果最好,泌乳曲线也呈现出最佳效果。     

日粮添加酒糟对后备奶牛生长性能和营养物质消化率的影响

文章旨在研究不同比例的酒糟对后备奶牛生长性能和营养物质消化率的影响。试验选择日龄、体重和体况近似的健康荷斯坦育成牛30头,按照日龄和体重进行分组设计,将其随机分为3组,每组10头。对照组饲粮精料成分为玉米和大豆榨油副产物,试验组Ⅰ饲粮精料成分中添加15%的酒糟,试验组Ⅱ饲粮精料成分中添加30%的酒糟。预试期为2周,正试期为24周。试验期间限饲。试验期间每天记录育成牛的采食量。分别于试验开始和结束时测定育成牛的生长性能指标。于正试期第24周进行消化试验,测定营养物质消化率。试验结果表明,日粮中添加不同比例的酒糟替代玉米和大豆榨油副产物对育成牛干物质采食量和生长性能无显著影响(P>0.05)。日粮中添加不同比例的酒糟替代玉米和大豆榨油副产物对育成牛日粮干物质和有机物的表观消化率无显著影响(P>0.05),但显著提高了粗蛋白质和纤维的表观消化率(P<0.05)。30%酒糟添加组育成牛日粮粗蛋白质表观消化率分别比15%酒糟添加组和对照组育成牛高4.55%和6.82%(P<0.05),而15%酒糟添加组和对照组育成牛日粮粗蛋白质表观消化率差异不显著(P>0.05)。30%酒糟添加组育成牛日粮中性洗涤纤维表观消化率分别比15%酒糟添加组和对照组育成牛高6.70%和7.44%(P<0.05),而15%酒糟添加组和对照组育成牛日粮中性洗涤纤维表观消化率差异不显著(P>0.05)。30%酒糟添加组育成牛日粮酸性洗涤纤维表观消化率分别比15%酒糟添加组和对照组育成牛高6.64%和8.04%(P<0.05),而15%酒糟添加组和对照组育成牛日粮酸性洗涤纤维表观消化率差异不显著(P>0.05)。因此,育成牛日粮中可以添加酒糟替代部分玉米和大豆榨油副产物,本试验中最高添加比例为30%。     

复合添加剂对高产奶牛生产性能的影响

试验旨在研究一种复合添加剂对高产奶牛生产性能的影响。根据产奶量、胎次、体重等相近的原则选择40头中国荷斯坦牛,随机分成4个处理组,即对照组、试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组、试验Ⅲ组,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组在此基础上,分别按每头牛每天精料量的0.5%、0.8%、1.0%添加复合饲料添加剂。试验期45d,其中预试期10d,正试期35d,测定产奶量、乳成分等指标。结果表明,在高产奶牛日粮中添加复合添加剂对乳成分基本无影响,但可显著提高奶牛产奶量,结合成本考虑,以精料的0.5%添加量效果最好。     

不同蛋白质水平日粮对深县猪生长性能、养分消化率和血液生化指标的影响

为了研究不同蛋白质水平日粮对深县猪生长性能、养分消化率和血液生化指标的影响,试验选择体重(15.33±1.95)kg的健康深县猪64头,随机分成4组,每组4个重复,每个重复4头猪。对照组日粮蛋白质水平为16.88%,试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组、试验Ⅲ组日粮蛋白质水平分别为15.00%、16.00%、17.00%。结果表明:试验Ⅱ组的平均日增重显著高于对照组、试验Ⅰ组(P0.05);试验Ⅱ组的料重比显著低于对照组、试验Ⅰ组(P0.05);粗蛋白与粗脂肪表观消化率各试验组与对照组之间差异不显著(P0.05),试验Ⅱ组显著高于试验Ⅰ组(P0.05);总能表观消化率试验Ⅱ组显著高于对照组、试验Ⅰ组(P0.05);试验Ⅱ组、试验Ⅲ组血液白蛋白和总蛋白含量均显著高于对照组(P0.05)。综合各项指标,在本试验条件下,生长期深县猪日粮适宜的蛋白质水平为16.00%。     

电感耦合等离子-质谱法测定饲料中钠、镁、铬、锰、铁、铜、锌、砷、硒、镉和铅

应用电感耦合等离子-质谱技术(ICP-MS),建立饲料中钠、镁、铬、锰、铁、铜、锌、砷、硒、镉和铅等元素的测定方法。对饲料样品的前处理方法、仪器工作参数和11种元素标准曲线进行优化;并以加标回收、分析方法比对和重复测试说明方法的准确性和精密性。方法在0～1 000 ng/ml范围内线性良好,仪器检出限为0.557 7～5.072 ng/ml,具有良好的精密度,其回收率在88.1%～104.4%之间,相对标准偏差小于5.0%。同时与原子吸收和原子荧光方法进行比对,测定结果相近。所建立的方法简单、快速,可替代原子吸收和原子荧光方法测定饲料中的11种金属元素,为饲料的质量控制提供理想的元素分析方法。     

Supplementation of broodmares with copper, zinc, iron, manganese, cobalt, iodine, and selenium

In experiment 1, 6 pregnant mares received a concentrate that contained a trace mineral premix that provided 14.3 mg Cu, 40 mg Zn, 28 mg Fe, 28 mg Mn, 0.08 mg Co, 0.16 mg I, and 0.16 mg Se/kg concentrate (group A). Seven mares received the same concentrate plus 502 mg Zn and 127 mg Cu once daily (group B). No differences (P > .05) in foal growth data, or Cu, Zn, and Fe concentrations of mare milk, mare serum, or foal serum were observed. In experiment 2, 6 pregnant mares received the same concentrate as group A (group C), and 8 mares received the same concentrate fortified with 4× the trace mineral premix (group D). Group C mares had higher serum Zn concentration at 1 day (P < 0.01) and 56 days (P < 0.04). Group C mares had higher milk Fe concentration at 28 days (P < .01), and group D mares had higher milk Cu concentration at 56 days (P < .01). Group C foals had higher serum Cu concentration at 14 days (P < .03). The results from this study provide no evidence to indicate that supplementing late gestating and lactating mares with higher dietary trace mineral levels than those recommended currently by NRC has any influence on foal growth and development, or on the Cu, Zn, and Fe concentrations of the mare milk, mare serum, or foal serum.     

Comparisons of Angus, Charolais, Galloway, Hereford, Longhorn, Nellore, Piedmontese, Salers, and Shorthorn breeds for weight, weight adjusted for condition score, height, and condition score of cows

Breed differences for weight (CW), height (CH), and condition score (CS) were estimated from records (n = 12,188) of 2- to 6-yr-old cows (n = 744) from Cycle IV of the U.S. Meat Animal Research Center's Germplasm Evaluation (GPE) Program. Cows were produced from mating Angus and Hereford dams to Angus, Hereford, Charolais, Shorthorn, Galloway, Longhorn, Nellore, Piedmontese, and Salers sires. Samples of Angus and Hereford sires were 1) reference sires born from 1962 through 1970 and 2) 1980s sires born in 1980 through 1987. The mixed model included cow age, season of measurement and their interactions, year of birth, pregnancy-lactation code (PL), and breedgroup as fixed effects for CW and CS. Analyses of weight adjusted for condition score included CS as a linear covariate. The model for CH excluded PL. Random effects were additive genetic and permanent environmental effects associated with the cow. Differences among breed groups were significant (P < 0.05) for all traits and were maintained through maturity with few interchanges in ranking. The order of F1 cows for weight was as follows: Charolais (506 to 635 kg for different ages), Shorthorn and Salers, reciprocal Hereford-Angus (HA) with 1980s sires, Nellore, HA with reference sires, Galloway, Piedmontese, and Longhorn (412 to 525 kg for different ages). Order for height was as follows: Nellore (136 to 140 cm), Charolais, Shorthorn, Salers, HA with 1980s sires, Piedmontese, Longhorn, Galloway and HA with reference sires (126 to 128 cm). Hereford and Angus cows with reference sires were generally lighter than those with 1980s sires. In general, breed differences for height followed those for weight except that F1 Nellore cows were tallest, which may in part be due to Bos taurus-Bos indicus heterosis for size.     

液相色谱-串联质谱法测定动物尿液中11种β-受体激动剂残留量的不确定度评估

采用液相色谱-串联质谱法测定动物尿液中11种β-受体激动剂残留量,对标准溶液、体积、质谱峰面积、浓缩过程及回收率等测定不确定度因素进行了分析,通过评定各不确定度分量及标准不确定度,得出11种β-受体激动剂的扩展不确定度在0.7 ～ 1.1 ng/mL范围内.由各因素对合成不确定度的贡献比分析可知,影响较大的因素为试验回收率及标准溶液浓度.     

Granulocyte isolation from whole blood of goat, sheep, cattle, horse, dog, pig, and man

A simple two step procedure for the isolation of caprine, ovine, bovine, equine, canine, porcine and human peripheral blood granulocytes is described. After enrichment of granulocytes by centrifugation, contaminating erythrocytes are lysed hypotonically. Recovery, purity, and viability of the granulocyte suspensions are determined. FACScan analysis of the cell suspensions measuring cellular size by forward and sideward light scatter is compared with the corresponding analysis of whole blood leukocytes. Constituencies of the isolated cell suspensions and loss of granulocyte subpopulations through isolation procedure is discussed with regard to granulocyte function assays.