奉节山区发展林果业生产之我见

素有“水果之乡”美称的奉节县,气候温和,雨量充沛,日照和无霜期长,有效积温高,昼夜温差大,有利于多种果树的生长.外贸部、国家计委、农牧渔业部将奉节县列为全国外贸脐橙基地和长江柑桔带.全县现已建立起13个高纯度的母本园.脐橙基地面积达0.6万hm~2,栽植脐橙600万余株,年产果2500万Kg.全县已发展经济林木达192个品种,种植面积3.25万hm~2,3104.2万余株.1994年全县干(鲜)果产量达3100万Kg,产值1亿多元.林果业已成为奉节经济的一大支柱产业.     

杏树根腐病发生规律与综合防治技术

<正>杏树根腐病是一种真菌引起的病害,该病会造成树木根部腐烂,根系吸收水分和养分的功能减弱,最后全株死亡,主要表现为整株叶片发黄枯萎。在苗圃地繁殖的苗木和在大龄杏树行间培育杏苗时,均会导致该病害的严重发生。该病还危害苹果、梨、桃和葡萄幼树及苗木。近年来该病发生在哈密市伊州区大     

吸果夜蛾危害柑桔的防范措施

吸果夜蛾是柑橘园的大敌,是一种在夜间活动危害果树果实的蛾子,为山地或近山地果园的主要害虫之一.现脐橙、蜜柑等的被害率已由前几年的10%左右上升到20%,局部地方已达30%以上.果农称之为夜老虎、刺果虫.     

白果之乡"虫口夺树"战

近几个月，白果之乡——广西灵川县海洋乡大片白果林遭到叶枯、白蚁双重危害，一些百年老树已成枯木。为此，海洋乡展开了一场“虫口夺树”大战。　　海洋乡有50多万株年代久远的白果树，其中最老的树龄达500多年，百年以上的有1．7万多株，年产量700多吨，产值1　400多万元，是乡里的支柱产业之一。这些一株即可能给农民带来上万元收入的“摇钱树”遭到病虫害肆虐，对海洋乡的经济无疑是一个重大威胁。　　据专家诊断，危害白果最严重的是叶枯病。该病属传染性病害，若无法治疗遏止，则会在一两年置树木于死地。造成叶枯病的主要原因是果…     

大枣缩果病的发生与防治

枣缩果病是北方枣区新发生的一种危害枣果的重要病害。 一、症状:该病是枣果在着色期发生的病害,引起果腐和提早落果。病果个小、皱缩、干瘦,病组织呈海绵状坏死,果肉味苦,外果皮     

“南国嘉果”——奉节脐橙来袭京城

正寒风凛凛、干燥难耐的京城,假如有一箱醇香甘美甜似蜜的脐橙陪伴,生活是不是会增添一丝甜蜜,多一些滋润呢?现在,您的机会来啦!2018年1月8日下午,由重庆市奉节县人民政府和《中国扶贫》杂志社联合举办的"‘南国嘉果’——奉节脐橙来袭京城"活动在重庆市驻京办举行。重庆市奉节县人民政府副县长张迁率领县扶贫办主任向城钢、县脐橙产业发展中心主任肖功勋等现场推广奉节脐橙。北京重庆企业商会会长谭传荣等出席了     

以胡柚作中间砧嫁接外来脐橙试验研究

胡柚适应性强、生长快、结果早、丰产性能好,耐旱、耐寒能力强。以胡柚作中间砧嫁接外来脐橙,嫁接后的脐橙表现出生长快、结果早、耐寒性能提高,脐橙果形品质没有多大变化,中间砧的胡柚及嫁接脐橙周围的胡柚固酸比明显提高。     

山楂锈病的研究

山楂锈病由梨东方胶锈菌Gymnosporangium haraeanum Sydow引起。其转株寄主为龙柏。该病发生早晚和轻重与转株寄主、气候条件、树种、传播因素等有密切关系。防治上提出了在清理转株寄主的基础上,结合摘除菌瘿,适时进行化防可有效地控制该病的发生危害。     

油茶象危害油茶果实的初步研究

对福建省闽侯桐口国有林场油茶杂交试验林果实的果径、果高、果重、籽重(种仁重)以及果实受害率等进行测定,分析油茶象对油茶果的危害情况。结果表明:在调查的油茶林分中,株受害率为94.7%,平均虫果率为14.7%;健康果平均果径为3.01 cm,显著地大于虫果的2.86 cm;健康果平均果高为3.05 cm,显著地高于虫果的2.84 cm;健康果平均果重为16.8 g.个-1,极显著地大于虫果的果重;健康果籽重为6.2 g.个-1,极显著地大于虫果籽重4.8 g.个-1;结果表明:油茶象的危害严重影响了油茶果的生长和油茶的产量。     

杉木种子园球果病虫害监测研究

经调查统计,杉木种子园健康果、发育不良果、病害果、虫害果、病虫兼有果比例分别为55.1%、3.4%、8.4%、9.0%、24.1%,各无性系之间球果产量、不健康果比例,百果重、千粒重、出粒率、发芽率都达到极显著差异水平。球果病虫危害率与球果产量、球果出籽率、种子发芽率之间存在极显著负相关,病虫危害是种子园种子产量下降的主要原因之一。用1%波尔多液或500倍敌克松溶液喷洒种子园接株,效果十分理想,病虫危害可以控制在10.0%以内。     

沼肥对促进脐橙生长及提高产量与品质的效果研究

对沼肥在脐橙上的施肥效果进行分析研究，得出沼肥对脐橙根、茎、叶的生长及花蕾的形成有明显的促进作用，对提高脐橙产量，增加糖分含量，改善果品品质，减少病虫害的发生有明显的作用。     

Pest management based on petroleum spray oil in navel orange orchard in Ganzhou,South China

Comparisons between petroleum spray oil (PSO)-based pest management (pest management based on petroleum spray oil) and conventional pest management were made in a navel orange orchard from 2004 to 2005 in Ganzhou, Jiangxi province, South China. PSO-based management reduced chemical pesticide use and increased the species richness of natural enemies. To control the key pests below the economic threshold, PSO use, compared with chemical pesticide, reduced the cost of pest management. PSO had no negative effects on fruit yield and quality, and could form the basis of a practical and sustainable pest management program in navel orange. C. Chen and J. Zheng contributed equally to this work.     

学赣南脐橙产业发展理念促进赣南油茶产业发展

至2012年,经过40 a发展,赣南脐橙面积11.87万hm2,产量125万t,面积世界第一,年产量世界第三,成为全国最大的脐橙主产区,2012年8月评为全国驰名商标;赣南也是全国油茶老产区,2009年9月国家发改委、国家林业局确定的全国100个油茶示范基地县中,赣南有10个基地县,分别占全国10%,全省43.5%,这是赣南发展油茶的利好政策,大好机遇。借鉴赣南脐橙的发展理念,促进赣南油茶产业发展,通过5～8a的不断努力,力争“赣南茶油”评为驰名商标,富裕赣南农村、农民。     

Fruit load and canopy shading affect leaf characteristics and net gas exchange of 'Spring' navel orange trees

Five-year-old 'Spring' navel (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck) orange trees were completely defruited, 50% defruited or left fully laden to study effects of fruit load on concentrations of nitrogen (N) and carbohydrate, net assimilation of CO2 (Ac) and stomatal conductance (gs) of mature leaves on clear winter days just before fruit harvest. Leaves on defruited trees were larger, had higher starch concentrations and greater leaf dry mass per area (LDMa) than leaves on fruited trees. Both Ac and gs were more than 40% lower in sunlit leaves on defruited trees than in sunlit leaves on trees with fruit. Leaves immediately adjacent to fruit were smaller, had lower leaf nitrogen and carbohydrate concentrations, lower LDMa and lower Ac than leaves on non-fruiting branches of the same trees. Removing half the crop increased individual fruit mass, but reduced fruit color development. Half the trees were shaded with 50% shade cloth for 4 months before harvest to determine the effects of lower leaf temperature (Tl) and leaf-to-air vapor pressure difference on leaf responses. On relatively warm days when sunlit Tl > 25 degrees C, shade increased Ac and gs, but had no effect on the ratio of internal to ambient CO2 (Ci/Ca) concentration in leaves, implying that high mesophyll temperatures in sunlit leaves were more important than gs in limiting Ac. Sunlit leaves were more photoinhibited than shaded leaves on cooler days when Tl < 25 degrees C. Shade decreased total soluble sugar concentrations in leaves, but had no effect on leaf starch concentrations. Shading had no effects on canopy volume, yield or fruit size, but shaded fruit developed better external color than sun-exposed fruit. Overall, the presence of a normal fruit crop resulted in lower foliar carbohydrate concentrations and higher Ac compared with defruited trees, except on warm days when Ac was reduced by high leaf temperatures.     

不同柑橘品种对柑橘溃疡病的抗性调查

通过柑橘Citrus sp.4类10个品种对柑橘溃疡病Xanthomonas citri(Hasse)Dowson抗病性的调查发现，不同的柑橘品种对柑橘溃疡病的抗病程度有明显差异，甜橙类，脐橙类普遍容易感病，属高度感病品种：宽皮橘类的抗病性最强；而柚类感病轻重不一，以台湾白柚抗病性最强；而沙田柚抗病性较弱。     

鸡树条荚蒾果实与种子性状的观测与研究

对吉林省桦甸市生长的鸡树条荚蒾不同植株果实和种子的有关性状进行观测与研究,结果表明:同一产地不同植株间果实和种子的有关性状均存在遗传差异。果实属浆果状核果,红色、鲜红色或深红色;种皮颜色有橙黄、浅粉、深粉色的变化,种子形状为扁状卵形或扁状心形,每果有1粒种子;果实和种子大小排序依次为2号树1号树3号树。1号树、2号树、3号树的种子重量分别为36.2 g、38.6 g和31.0 g,排序依次为2号树1号树3号树,2号树和1号树之间差异不明显,2号树和1号树的种子重量分别为3号树的124.5%和116.8%,差异极其明显。平均出种率为9.7%。     

扁桃在昆明引种区的枝条、花芽及果实生长特性

对从美国加州引种至昆明树木园的Nonpareil和Carmel两扁桃品种的物候,当年生枝、花芽分化及果实发育的观测结果发现扁桃在昆明2月上旬萌动生长,随即进入初花期,2月中下旬为盛花期,3月上旬显现幼果;3～6月为枝条生长旺盛期;7月中旬果实成熟。正常情况下,11月开始落叶。枝条生长具有两次高峰,分别出现在3月中下旬和5月下旬至6月上旬(2次枝)。花芽自4月下旬开始分化,经分化前期、花萼期、萼片期、花瓣期、雄蕊分化期、雌蕊分化期,至7月下旬花芽形态分化基本完成。果实发育分3个阶段第1阶段为果实发育期,历时30天左右;第2阶段为硬核期60天左右;第3阶段为成熟期25天左右。     

阿穆尔种源山丁子果实及幼苗生长差异性分析

以黑河种源山丁子为对照,对阿穆尔种源山丁子7个单株果实及幼苗生长情况进行对比分析的结果表明:8个单株果实均为扁球形,桔色或红色,果粒整齐或较整齐,果味酸、涩。8个单株果实种子变异较为丰富,阿穆尔种源7个单株均与对照存在显著差异,最大单果重、最大种子千粒重分别超过对照283.33%、151.11%;阿穆尔种源7个单株间平均单果重、种子千粒重差异显著,最大平均单果重超过最小平均单果重95.65%,最大种子千粒重超过最小种子千粒重75.12%。8个单株的1年生苗苗高、地径存在较大的变异,阿穆尔种源苗高变异系数为34.95%～57.07%,地径变异系数为17.39%～33.18%,对照苗高变异系数44.73%、地径变异系数33.49%;8个单株的1年生苗苗高、地径差异极显著,苗高生长最快的超过生长最慢的235.8%,地径生长最快的超过生长最慢的111.11%。     

Utilisation of wood biomass residues from fruit tree branches,evergreen hardwood shrubs and Greek fir wood as raw materials for particleboard production. Part A. Mechanical properties

This paper investigates the potential of utilising wood biomass from fruit tree branches and evergreen hardwood shrubs as raw materials in the production of particleboards when mixed with Greek fir wood particles. The main mechanical properties of the boards made therefrom were determined and compared with those made of typical industrial wood (IW) particles. The highest modulus of rupture and elasticity (30.0 N/mm² and 4330 N/mm², respectively) in bending and screw withdrawal (SW) resistance (127.8 N/mm) were reported for boards made of Greek fir and were downgraded when the fruit tree branches or evergreen hardwood shrub particles also participated. The participation of fruit tree branch particles in proportions higher than 50% improved the internal bond (IB) of fir produced boards, while the highest IB strength (0.95 N/mm²) was reported for boards made of fruit tree branches. Particleboards made of evergreen hardwood shrubs showed inferior mechanical properties compared with those made of IW particles. The latter also showed superior bending strength but inferior SW resistance compared with boards made of fruit tree branches. Hygroscopic and other properties are under determination and will be presented and discussed in the second part of the work.