不考虑碳化深度的烧结砖砂浆回弹曲线

通过对烧结普通砖砂浆回弹法所基于的历史试验进行再分析,认为碳化深度对砂浆回弹值影响不大。在此基础上,通过由不同强度等级的砂浆砌筑而成的烧结普通砖砌体结构进行新一轮砂浆灰缝试验,运用Origin8.0软件对标准砂浆试块强度与砂浆灰缝回弹值进行回归分析,得出了不考虑碳化深度影响的烧结普通砖砂浆回弹曲线。     

酸雨对板蓝根种子萌发的影响

通过人工模拟酸雨试验,研究不同pH值酸雨对板蓝根种子萌发和生理特性的影响。结果表明:模拟酸雨的pH值越低,对板蓝根种子萌发和胚根生长的抑制作用越强,使胚根和下胚轴及子叶部分的生物量(鲜重)降低,种子的异状发芽率升高。pH=5.0时,板蓝根种子的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数和活力指数最高,其胚根和下胚轴及子叶生物量最高。酸雨引起板蓝根种子的细胞质膜透性、丙二醛(MDA)和脯氨酸含量上升,模拟酸雨的pH越小,这种生理反应就越明显。     

模拟酸雨对美丽月见草种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响

以美丽月见草种子为试验材料,用不同p H值的模拟酸雨对其进行处理,研究酸雨对美丽月见草种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响。结果表明:在模拟酸雨胁迫下,美丽月见草种子萌发及幼苗生长均受到不同程度的影响。在p H值2.5的酸雨胁迫下只有5%左右的种子萌发;p H值在2.5~3.0之间的模拟酸雨极显著地降低了美丽月见草种子的发芽势、发芽率及活力指数;p H值在3.5~5.0范围内,种子发芽势和活力指数与对照无显著差异。各处理对美丽月见草幼苗的根长生长均有极显著的抑制作用;只有p H值在2.5时,美丽月见草幼苗的芽长和鲜重指标才显著降低。由此可见,p H≥3.5的酸雨胁迫对美丽月见草种子萌发无显著影响,而p H≤3.0的强酸性酸雨对其有抑制作用,且美丽月见草的根长生长对酸雨最为敏感。     

未水化水泥颗粒后期水化对UHPC性能的影响

采用高温加速试验,并结合烧失量法、力学试验、测长法、电通量法、碳化等手段研究了不同养护温度和水胶比条件下未水化水泥颗粒后期水化对UHPC性能的影响。结果表明：60 ℃水养护能够有效加速UHPC中未水化水泥颗粒的后期水化,试块的结合水量在90 d内趋于稳定。随养护龄期的增长,UHPC试块先收缩后膨胀,90 d的抗折强度、抗氯离子渗透性和抗碳化性能均下降,抗压强度尚无明显损失。水胶比越低,UHPC试块90 d的结合水量增长率越大,膨胀值越大,抗折强度损失率也越高。     

硫铝水泥和胶乳对水泥乳化沥青砂浆低温硬化性能的影响

通过分析水泥乳化沥青砂浆（CA砂浆）冬季低温病害的产生原因，研究了硫铝酸盐水泥、胶乳对CA砂浆低温凝结和灌注质量的影响。结果表明，低温导致CA砂浆超长缓凝，使体系稳定性变差，并引起泌水和揭板起皮等病害；掺入硫铝水泥能加快CA砂浆的低温凝结过程，随替代量增加，凝结时间逐渐缩短；随温度升高，胶乳水泥流态体系可搅拌时间呈降低趋势，选用低温稠化性能合适的的胶乳，可改善新拌CA砂浆的低温均匀稳定性；复掺10%硫铝水泥和8%胶乳的CA砂浆在24 h的强度和膨胀率符合要求，在实测0.5~7.7 ℃的低温环境中，揭板检查CA砂浆断面均匀、表面平整无起皮，符合上道要求。     

过表达和抑制表达2-Cys Prx基因烟草的生长、生理特性和叶片光合功能对模拟酸雨的响应

为揭示2-Cys Peroxiredoxins(2-Cys Prx)基因在烟草龙江911抗逆中的功能,以过表达2-Cys Prx基因烟草、抑制表达2-Cys Prx基因烟草和非转基因烟草幼苗为试材,研究了不同pH值的模拟酸雨对其生长指标、叶片生理生化特性和叶片光合生理的影响。结果表明:与对照相比,pH值4.0的模拟酸雨对3种基因型烟草的株高、叶面积、比叶重无明显影响,pH值2.5的模拟酸雨处理下,与对照相比,过表达2-Cys Prx基因烟草幼苗的株高无明显变化,抑制表达2-Cys Prx基因烟草和非转基因烟草幼苗的株高显著降低;随着模拟酸雨pH值降低,3种基因型烟草叶片的硝酸还原酶(NR)活性、可溶性蛋白含量、SOD和APX活性、净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、实际光化学效率(ФPSⅡ)、光化学猝灭系数(qP)、光系统Ⅱ潜在光化学效率(Fv/Fo)和细胞膜稳定指数逐渐下降,非光化学猝灭系数(qN)和H_2O_2含量逐渐增加,但在相同pH值的模拟酸雨处理下,过表达2-Cys Prx基因烟草各项生理指标均优于抑制表达2-Cys Prx基因烟草和非转基因烟草幼苗。由此可知,增强2-Cys Prx基因在烟草中的表达可能提高烟草在模拟酸雨处理下的硝态氮利用能力,并在模拟酸雨处理造成APX活性下降时,清除叶绿体中的H_2O_2,使光合电子传递链保持稳定,增强烟草叶片的光合能力。     

卡那霉素对棉花下胚轴愈伤组织生长的影响

以三个具有不同特点的棉花新品系为试材的研究表明，卡那霉素对棉花下胚轴的愈伤组织形成和增殖均有明显的抑制作用，随其浓度的增加，愈伤组织形成的频率降低，增殖的倍数减少；当浓度增加到１００ｍｇ·Ｌ－１时，愈伤组织严重褐化，其正常生长受到完全抑制；下胚轴形态学上端切段较下端切段更易受卡那霉素的影响     

Chelating Effect of Various Tea Extracts

用普洱茶、绿茶、红茶、乌龙茶四种茶汤 ,分别加入不同浓度的Cu2 +溶液中测定铜的活性。结果显示 :不同茶类络合力明显不同 ,绿茶〉普洱茶〉红茶〉乌龙茶 ,这种效应与茶叶加工工艺及栽培措施有关 ,多酚类化含物是最重要的产生络合的物质 ,胺化合物能有效地络含 1 0 %～ 30 %的铜。因发酵工艺不同 ,铜溶液PH值下降变化不一样 ,PH值下降顺序为绿茶〉乌龙茶〉红茶〉普洱茶。 4种茶的络合效应随时间增加而降低 ,可能是Cu2 +能使茶叶中儿茶素氧化反应加快 ,而降低茶汤的络合效应的     

大豆水溶性多糖的黏度性质及其应用研究

研究了不同条件下大豆水溶性多糖溶液的黏度变化情况，同时和其他常用的稳定剂如果胶等也做了比较。试验结果表明。本实验室生产的大豆水溶性多糖的水溶液的黏度随着温度的升高、浓度的降低、外加盐量的增加而降低；随着外加蔗糖量、pH值的增加而增加；相比较于其他稳定剂大豆水溶性多糖的黏度很低，使酸乳饮料具有清爽的口味。     

氯氧镁水泥混凝土中钢筋的腐蚀与防护试验研究

结合氯氧镁水泥混凝土耐水性，研究氯氧镁水泥混凝土中钢筋的腐蚀与防护，试验变量包括钢筋种类、混凝土保护层厚度和腐蚀龄期等。钢筋种类包括裸露钢筋和美加力涂层钢筋；混凝土保护层厚度包括25、50 mm；腐蚀龄期包括60、120、180、240、300、360 d。试验采用自来水长期浸泡至试块2/3处，并采用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和能谱仪（EDS）对腐蚀后的钢筋微观结构和化学元素组成进行分析，研究钢筋的腐蚀机理。结果表明，通过软化系数分析，氯氧镁水泥混凝土的软化系数处于0.78～0.87，说明试验设计的氯氧镁水泥混凝土可用于干燥地区、受潮较轻地区或次要建筑结构。通过极化曲线及其电化学参数分析，裸露钢筋腐蚀速率为美加力涂层钢筋腐蚀速率的40～80倍，说明涂层防腐效果明显。     

页岩烧结保温砌块砌体基本力学性能试验研究

通过对页岩烧结保温砌块砌体轴心抗压、沿通缝抗剪、剪压复合抗剪性能试验研究,分析其破坏特征和破坏机理。试验结果表明:页岩烧结保温砌块砌体受压破坏时,在竖向灰缝附近形成主裂缝,接近极限荷载时砌体出现表皮剥落现象;沿通缝抗剪破坏模式主要为单剪破坏,脆性明显;剪压破坏有剪磨、剪压和斜压3种类型;实测轴心抗压强度平均值高于规范值,沿通缝抗剪强度、复合抗剪强度平均值低于计算值,并分别给出砌体轴心抗压强度平均值、抗剪、剪压复合受力抗剪强度平均值建议公式;剪压复合抗剪强度随着压应力的增大而增大;建立了页岩烧结保温砌块砌体受压应力应变关系表达式;给出该类砌块的弹性模量和泊松比的建议值。     

古代砖砌体风化性能分析及风化程度评定

自然界中气温、降水的长期作用导致古代砖砌体风化，风化损伤材料和砌体力学性能。实验采用大气环境实验舱实现自然风化作用人工模拟，根据不同饱水度和冻融次数，实验舱设定了7种非饱水冻融工况，对7种工况影响下的砖、灰浆、砌体抗压、砌体抗剪试件试件强度变化规律进行实验分析。实验表明，饱水度是反映材料冻融性能的重要指标；不同饱水度下的冻融试件强度呈现先升后降的趋势；试件在饱水度为53%的冻融作用下，砌体构件具有最佳抗力；提出古代砖砌体构件风化程度评定标准。实验对古砖砌体结构保护工作具有指导和应用价值，定期评定古塔砌体风化程度，时刻掌握古塔构件结构安全性能的变化规律，科学保护古塔。     

Preparation of the supplementary cementitious material offerronickel submerged arc furnace slag and its properties

The ferronickel submerged arc furnace slags are stored up more and more, as a result, seriously influenced the sustainable development of the nickel industry. By grinding, the ferronickel submerged arc furnace slag is mechanically activated, then can be used as supplementary cementitious material, thus a comprehensive utilization way of ferronickel submerged arc furnace slag is developed. Using such processed slag to replace cement from 10% to 40% in mass, with the increase of replacing dosage, the water demand of standard consistency of cement paste is lowered, the fluidity of mortar is raised; the compressive strength of mortar is decreased; the flexural strength is increased followed by a decrease after the dosage is above 10%, the ratio of flexural strength to compressive strength is increased. The experimental results indicate that the ferronickel submerged arc furnace slag can be used as supplementary cementitious material and has an increase of flexural strength and effect of plasticizing and water reducing.     

Influences of Simulated Acid Rain on the Acidification of Grey-brown Purplish Soil from the Three Gorges Reservoir Region

Column leaching tests were performed to probe the effect of simulated acid rain at different pH values on the acidification of grey-brown purplish soil from the Three Gorges Reservoir Region. The results indicated that the lower the acid rain pH value the more serious the acidification of the soil; the electric conductance of the solution leaching through different soil layers increased at first, then decreased, while the pH value of leachate changed reversely. In general, the higher the pH value and CEC content of the soil were, the greater the electric conductivity of the leachate was. The releasing amount of base ions in four types of typical soils increased with increasing rain acidity, while the leaching amount of aluminium in four types of typical soils increased with the decline of acid rain pH. Changes in the physical and chemical properties of respective soil layers to different degrees were detected after the addition of simulated acid rain of different pH values.     

Experiments on heat loss characteristics in a fully opened cylindrical cavity receiver

The climate has a great impact on highway bridge rubber bearings than on building rubber bearings. In order to study the change of the mechanical properties during the life of the plain chloroprene rubber bearings of highway bridge under freeze-thaw cycle condition, the plain chloroprene rubber bearings were processed 25, 50, 75, 100 times by freeze-thaw cycle in the standard freeze-thaw chamber, then the axial compression tests were carried. The changes of the performance indicators in the bearing capacity , the ultimate compressive strength, vertical stiffness, elastic modulus under different freeze-thaw cycles were analyzed comparatively. The results show that the plain chloroprene rubber bearings are more prone to brittle failure after the freeze-thaw cycle, and the failure phenomena of steel plate exposing or cracks is more serious than the phenomena of the standard specimen. With the increase of the number of freeze-thaw cycle, the ultimate bearing capacity, ultimate compressive strength and compressive elastic modulus of the plain chloroprene rubber bearings decrease. The attenuation formula and decay curve in 50 years of ultimate compressive strength and elastic modulus of compression are analyzed by least square method, the trends of change are both in line with the exponential function. The mechanical properties of plain chloroprene rubber bearings of highway bridge significantly decreased under freeze-thaw cycle condition. therefore, the temperature ranges of plain chloroprene rubber bearings of highway bridge should be strictly controlled, and some suggestions, such as increasing its minimum applicable temperature, usng the natural rubber bearings as much as possible in cold regions, have been given.     

地下水强酸盐复合腐蚀环境下不同矿物掺合料对水泥砂浆耐腐蚀性能的影响

模拟了贵州地区地下水强酸盐复合腐蚀环境,系统研究了粉煤灰、矿渣粉和硅灰3种矿物掺合料单掺与复掺对水泥砂浆耐腐蚀性能,如耐蚀系数、质量变化率、氯离子相对扩散系数的影响规律,并探讨了地下水强酸盐复合腐蚀环境下水泥砂浆的腐蚀机理。结果表明,与基准砂浆相比,单掺与复掺矿物掺合料均提高了砂浆的耐蚀系数,降低了砂浆后期氯离子相对扩散系数,但增大了砂浆质量损失率。这3项指标从不同角度反映了地下水复合腐蚀环境下水泥砂浆的耐腐蚀性能。     

Microcracking and Chloride Penetration of Concrete under Uniaxial Compression

A non-destructive method of evaluation of specific crack area was used to characterise microcracking in concrete prisms during uniaxial compression loading and unloading. Chloride profiles were also measured after the same concretes were exposed to chloride environment. The relation among microcracking, stress-strength ratio and chloride penetration of concrete were analysed based on the experimental results. Under compressive load, the apparent chloride diffusion coefficient decreases until about one third of the ultimate load. Further increase of compressive load improves the chloride diffusion coefficient again. There is a close link between microcracking and stress-strength ratio. The index of specific crack area can be used to indicate the microcracking and study chloride transport behaviour into concrete under the influence of microcracking.     

Mechanical and Chloride Diffusion Behavior of Kaolinite Clay Modified Cement-Based Material

The effects of kaolinite clay on the microstructure (pore structure, internal structure) and mechanical properties (workability, early-age and long-term flexural strength, chloride diffusion property) of the cementitious composites were tested. It is shown that the addition of clay improves the micro-pore structure in the cement paste and limits the introduction of chloride ions. As a result, it is suggested that the kaolinite clay would act as both filler and accelerator of cement hydration. Compared with the control specimen, the flexural strength of cement paste with 1% kaolinite clay increased by 30.41%, 39.04%, 36.27% and 38.32% at 1, 3, 7 and 90 curing ages, respectively. The 28-day flexural strength increased slightly. It is observed that the clay modified cement mortar has lower chloride diffusion coefficient values compared to the plain mortar, and the 28-day DCl of cement mortar decreased by 53.03% with 5% clay. Compared with the controlled sample, the increase in compressive strength and the reduction in chloride diffusion coefficient of the concrete with 5% clay addition is 28.4% and 18.87% respectively. The chloride diffusion coefficient of concrete decreases with the amount of clay addition exponentially. The 28-day compressive strength increases linearly with the chloride diffusion coefficient of the concrete.     

Influence of Admixtures on Properties of Traditional Sticky Rice-lime Mortar and Their Mechanisms

On the basis of characterization of property of traditional sticky rice-lime mortar, influence of admixtures (aluminum sulfate, gypsum, paper fiber) on properties of traditional sticky rice-lime mortar and their scientific mechanisms are discussed by means of SEM and XRD. It is indicated that paper fiber is the most effective admixture to endure freezing-thawing cycles and increase compressive strength of sticky rice-lime mortar due to disorderly distribution and water-retaining of paper fiber, and the use of aluminum sulfate reduces dry shrinkage values and improves compressive strength because of formation of ettringite in sticky rice-lime mortar. Gypsum is proved to be ineffective to modify freezing-thawing cycles of sticky rice-lime mortar. Meanwhile, compressive strength and surface hardness of sticky rice-lime mortar with gypsum decline as gypsum amounts. It is suggested that 6% aluminum sulfate or 3% paper fiber can be used as admixtures of sticky rice-lime mortar in conservation of cultural relics.