武汉与重庆典型地质结构下的地埋管换热性能

地埋管地源热泵换热器的换热性能受到不同地质结构的影响。以武汉和重庆地区的典型地质构成为边界条件，建立了三维地埋管的单孔双U管换热模型，通过模型计算，获得了两种地质条件下的地埋管换热性能，以重庆地区的地源热泵热响应测试结果以及工程运行数据出发，对模型的计算结果进行了验证，结果表明，模型吻合度较好，可以应用于工程分析。以模型为条件，进行地质结构对换热性能的影响度分析，预测了两地地埋管地源热泵的换热性能并计算得到换热器的平均换热系数分别为武汉地区K₁=1.65（W/m·K），重庆地区K₂=1.51（W/m·K）。     

不同建筑热工分区办公建筑外围护结构负荷指标影响因素权重

为研究多因素对不同热工分区办公建筑总负荷指标的综合影响，在分析了单一因素对建筑总负荷指标影响规律的基础上，采用层次分析法对分别位于哈尔滨、兰州、重庆、广州的办公建筑负荷指标进行了评价。得到了窗户传热系数K_w、玻璃遮阳系数S_c、窗墙比R在不同热工分区办公建筑总负荷指标影响因素中的权重值，并对此进行了一致性检验。结果表明：对于严寒地区的哈尔滨和寒冷地区的兰州节能建筑，各因素重要程度为R > K_w > S_c；对于夏热冬冷地区的重庆和夏热冬暖地区的广州节能建筑，各因素重要程度为S_c > R > K_w。在建筑结构优化设计中应根据各热工分区负荷影响因素的比重不同进行优先控制相应因素。     

医疗信息化效用影响研究

通过对医院信息化投入、医院运营管理对医疗效益的影响规律进行分析，根据重庆市某三级甲等医院在2009-2015年间的信息化投入、医院运营管理2个方面与医疗毛收入的数据资料，通过Pearson相关分析得到医疗毛收入与11个影响指标均相关（P<0.05），通过熵值法，选择指标权重值大于0.08的指标有医院全年财务信息化投入x₁、医院全年门诊量x₄、医院全年入院患者人数x₆、医院全年手术量x₇以及医院初级职称人数x₁₀，其权重分别为0.190、0.086、0.085、0.084、0.084。建立多因素回归分析的数学模型，得到了指标x₁、x₄、x₆、x₇、x₁₀与医疗毛收入拟合函数，可决系数分别为0.948 8、0.927 1、0.994 1、0.993 0、0.948 1，医疗毛收入的回归方程的可决系数为0.996 3，因此，本研究通过熵值法得到的影响医疗毛收入的5个指标，并建立得到的回归方程可应用于医院信息化投入决策的制定，为医疗卫生管理提供新的依据。     

圆钢管混凝土轴压长柱极限承载力的稳定系数法

为完善圆钢管混凝土轴压长柱极限承载力的计算理论，对比分析了中国国家标准GB 50936-2014和CECS 28：2012中轴压短柱极限承载力的N₀计算公式，并把GB 50936-2014中基于套箍系数的N₀计算公式改写成统一的形式，提出了基于正则长细比的轴压长柱的稳定系数计算式，并通过36个试件的对比，对计算式的精度和适用范围进行了分析。研究表明，现行国标GB 50936-2014中基于套箍系数的N₀计算公式更为精确，基于N₀计算公式和本文的稳定系数，可以计算得到更为精确的轴压长柱的极限承载力。     

中国便利店的照明能耗预测模型与主观评价

便利店销售额在传统零售业中增幅最高，照明在所调研样本总室内能耗中占比为43%。基于全国257家便利店的数据，探讨便利店的照明特征。采用多重线性回归方法建立照明能耗预测模型，采用因子分析方法探讨客观参数与主观评价的联系。研究表明，对便利店，考虑照明节能时需同步关注其主观评价的变化；进行照明设计时需因地制宜；照明能耗预测模型为ln y=0.479 ln x₁+ 0.248ln x₂-0.217（y为照明功率密度，x₁为单位面积照明造价，x₂为典型货架位置水平照度平均值）；顾客对照明充足度的“敏感性”比照明均匀度高；提高照度平均值有助于提高主观评价。     

冬季稳定人工环境实验室内温度的新方法

人工环境实验室对温度的控制精度低于工艺性环境要求,但冬季若采用分体式空调制热模式控制,实验室温度的波动范围过大,影响采集实验数据的准确性。提出冬季采用空调制冷模式联合电取暖器稳定人工环境实验室内温度的新方法,在背景实验中将新方法和传统空调制热温度控制方法进行对比,结果表明：采用新方法能大幅度提高人工环境实验房间温度的稳定性。为对新方法中空调的设定制冷温度与电取暖器功率匹配问题做进一步研究而进行探究试验,实验结果表明：空调制冷量Q₁、测试房间热负荷Q₂、电取暖器功率Q₃和测试房间其他设备功率Q₄存在匹配关系,当空调设定温度相同时,|Q₁+Q₂-Q₃-Q₄|值越小,人工环境实验室内温度波动频率越稳定,振幅越小。     

五星形桩与圆桩水平承载性能对比模型试验研究

五星形桩是一种横截面异形桩,是在圆桩的基础上向内切割5个圆弧,形成截面类似五星形的异形桩。按其截面性质分为周长最大化五星形桩F₁、周长面积比最大化五星形桩F₂两种桩型,为掌握五星形桩的水平承载性能进行了与圆桩的对比模型试验研究。试验用土为干砂,砂雨法土样制作,模型桩为预制钢筋混凝土桩,相似比为1∶8。模型试验桩包括：五星形桩F₁、五星形桩F₂、与五星形桩F₂截面周长相同的圆桩C₁、与五星形桩F₂截面面积相同的圆桩C₂。由于五星形桩水平承载性能具有方向性,试验采用理论计算中水平承载力最大的方向施加水平荷载,试验结果表明：F₁、C₁和F₂的水平极限承载力相当,但F₂的截面面积最小,仅为C₁的0.44倍;与C₂相比,F₂的水平极限承载力是其1.63倍,可见,合理截面形式的五星形桩可以提供更大的水平承载能力;五星形桩与圆桩弯矩分布规律基本一致,都在4倍直径左右（五星形桩为外接圆直径）达到最大,但五星形桩截面面积小,抗弯刚度不足,容易折断,总体水平承载性能不及截面周长相同的圆形桩,但优于截面面积相同的圆形桩。     

CuFe2O4纳米粒子增敏Luminol-EDTA化学发光体系研究及应用

基于CuFe₂O₄纳米粒子能显著增强Luminol-EDTA体系的发光，首次建立了Luminol-EDTA-CuFe₂O₄ NPs化学发光新体系。紫外吸收光谱和化学发光光谱表明纳米CuFe₂O₄注入Luminol-EDTA体系后，未生成新发光物质，结合纳米CuFe₂O₄的特性，提出了CuFe₂O₄ NPs参与Luminol-EDTA体系可能的发光机理。研究发现芦丁能抑制Luminol-EDTA-CuFe₂O₄ NPs体系的化学发光，结合流动注射技术，将此化学发光体系应用于芦丁片中芦丁含量的测定。在优化实验条件下，芦丁浓度在2×10^-8~2×10^-5 mol/L范围内芦丁浓度的对数和相对化学发光值呈线性，芦丁浓度检出限（LOD）为1.21×10^-9 mol/L。将本方法应用于芦丁片中的芦丁含量测定，回收率为97%~102%，RSD为2.54%（c=1×10^-7mol/L，n=11）。     

纳米TiO2壳聚糖复合保鲜膜性能及抑菌研究

通过改性纳米TiO₂,并对其进行表征后将改性后的纳米TiO₂添加到壳聚糖复合保鲜膜中,以期提高复合膜的性能及抑菌效果,延长复合膜对果蔬的保鲜时间。研究结果表明：改性后的纳米TiO₂的晶型和结构发生一定变化,添加到保鲜膜中后,优化复合膜比空白膜的透CO₂系数降低了24%,透水率降低了65.5%,抗拉强度、撕裂强度、断裂伸长率分别提高了13.99%、57.89%和50%,紫外光区透光率得到改善,抑菌作用被增强,纳米TiO₂复合保鲜膜对果蔬的保鲜时间在一定程度上得到延长。

     

SBBR反应器SND脱氮的影响因素分析及响应曲面优化

采用活性炭涂层改性悬浮填料,在连续曝气的条件下,考察了SBBR反应器脱氮性能。结果表明,SBBR反应器表现出良好的同步硝化反硝化(SND)脱氮性能,对NH₃-N和TN的去除率分别为80.7%和63.1%。典型周期内反应器同步硝化反硝化率可达82.7%。单因素试验发现,脱氮率随着曝气时间t的增加而增加,随着溶解氧质量浓度ρ_DO和填料投加量δ增大而先增大后减小。同时,以溶解氧质量浓度、填料投加量和曝气时间为考察因素,脱氮率为评价指标,采用响应曲面法建立了二次多元回归模型。通过模型求解得出最佳工况:溶解氧浓度为2.37 mg/L,填料投加量为40.10%,曝气时间为5.17 h,此时,脱氮率得到最大值为69.28%。验证试验表明,回归模型的预测值与实测值偏差率为1.57%。     

氢还原竖炉的模拟分析

利用一组物料、热量守衡式及其他有关约束关系,建立了氢还原竖炉模拟模型,可定量考察消耗量、生成量和氮气、CO兑入成分、DRI金属化率、入炉煤气温度等的关系。模拟结果表明：兑入CO可使入炉煤气量从纯氢还原的1650 N·m³左右下降到1200 N·m³左右;当CO和H₂的体积之比V（CO）/V（H₂）约为0.6时,氮气兑入量约为0,竖炉能量利用最佳;当V（CO）/V（H₂）体积比为0.3时,最佳氮气兑入成分约为11%;纯氢还原最佳氮气兑入成分约为25%;兑入氮气可以减少入炉氢气的量,但不能减少入炉气体的总量。对氢还原竖炉模拟结果可为其工艺设计、操作和节能等提供参考信息。     

槽式太阳能集热器传热模型及性能分析

槽式太阳能集热器一维和二维传热数学模型是一组非线性代数方程,为改进求解的稳定性和计算精度,将槽式太阳能集热器一维和二维传热模型的求解看作有约束优化问题,建立了集热器传热过程求解的有约束优化数学模型,应用MATLAB软件优化函数fmincon进行求解。分析了传热流体入口温度及太阳能辐射热流密度变化对集热器性能的影响。采用fmincon函数求解集热器传热过程,计算速度快,计算过程稳定。分析表明,传热流体温度变化对集热器效率的影响大于太阳能辐射热流密度对集热器效率的影响。     

Androgenetic response of heterozygous triticale populations using a greenhouse hydroponic system

Production of haploids, followed by chromosome doubling to produce doubled haploids (DH) represents the most rapid means of achieving complete inbreeding. In order to improve the androgenetic responses and maximize the production of green regenerants from selected plants of twenty-five triticale (× Triticosecale, Wittmack) populations (BC₁F₁, TC₁F₁, and F₂) we used a uniform and optimal growth environment for anther donor plants within a greenhouse hydroponic system. Non-orthogonal analysis of deviance showed highly significant differences (p < 0.001) among populations for both induction and regeneration. The overall induction response of the populations was very high with a mean of 50.4 embryoids per 100 anthers plated. Among all tested-populations, M86-6068/TW179//EP80 (TC₁F₁) was the most responsive for both induction and regeneration which could be associated to its Triticum timopheevii cytoplasm. On the other hand, although populations 80465/II83-194 both as BC₁F₁ and F₂ had a high level of induction response, only a few green plants were regenerated. These populations probably possess a partial Secale montanum genome, which could be contributing to the low regeneration ability. In conclusion, the need for optimization of donor plant growth conditions to effectively assess the androgenetic ability of individual populations/lines would be emphasized. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Comparison of parametric and non-parametric methods for selecting stable and adapted durum wheat genotypes in variable environments

Twenty parametric and non-parametric measures derived from grain yield of 15 advanced durum genotypes evaluated across 12 variable environments during the 2004–2006 growing seasons were used to assess performance stability and adaptability of the genotypes and to study interrelationship among these measures. The combined ANOVA and the non-parametric tests of Genotype × environment interaction indicated the presence of significant crossover and non-crossover interactions, and of significant differences among genotypes. Principal component analysis based on the rank correlation matrix indicated that most non-parametric measures were significantly inter-correlated with parametric measures and therefore can be used as alternatives. The results also revealed that stability measures can be classified into three groups based on static and dynamic concepts of stability. The group related to the dynamic concept and strongly correlated with mean grain yield of stability included the parameters of TOP (proportion of environments in which a genotype ranked in the top third), superiority index (P _i) and geometric adaptability index. The second group reflecting the concept of static stability included, Wricke’s ecovalence, the variance in regression deviation (S ² _di), AMMI stability value, the Huehn’s parameters [S _i⁽¹⁾, S _i⁽²⁾], Tennarasua’s parameter [NP_i⁽¹⁾], Kang’s parameter (RS) and yield reliability index (I _i) which were not correlated with mean grain yield. The third group influenced simultaneously by grain yield and stability included the measures S _i⁽³⁾, S _i⁽⁶⁾, NP_i⁽²⁾, NP_i⁽³⁾, environmental variance (S ² _xi), coefficient of variability and coefficient of regression (b _i). Based on the concept of dynamic stability, genotypes G6, G4, and G3 were found to be the most adapted to favorable environments, whereas genotypes G8, G9, and G12 were more stable and are related to the concept of static stability.     

Quantitative and molecular characterization of heat tolerance in hexaploid wheat

Understanding the genetic basis of tolerance to high temperature is important for improving the productivity of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in regions where the stress occurs. The objective of this study was to estimate inheritance of heat tolerance and the minimum number of genes for the trait in bread wheat by combining quantitative genetic estimates and molecular marker analyses. Two cultivars, Ventnor (heat-tolerant) and Karl92 (heat-susceptible), were crossed to produce F₁, F₂, and F₃populations, and their grain-filling duration (GFD) at 30/25 ^°C 16/8 h day/night was determined as a measure of heat tolerance. Distribution of GFD in the F₁ and F₂ populations followed the normal model (χ², p > 0.10). A minimum of 1.4 genes with both additive and dominance effects, broad-sense heritability of 80%, and realized heritability of 96%for GFD were determined from F₂ and F₃ populations. Products from 59primer pairs among 232 simple sequence repeat (SSR) pairs were polymorphic between the parents. Two markers, Xgwm11 andXgwm293, were linked to GFD by quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis of the F₂ population. The Xgwm11-linked QTL had only additive gene action and contributed 11% to the total phenotypic variation in GFD in the F₂population, whereas the Xgwm293-linked QTL had both additive and dominance action and contributed 12% to the total variation in GFD. The results demonstrated that heat tolerance of common wheat is controlled by multiple genes and suggested that marker-assisted selection with microsatellite primers might be useful for developing improved cultivars. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Interaction among sporophytic S loci in self-incompatible garden chrysanthemums

Summary Certain parent-progeny crosses were studied to determine whether several S loci acted independently or epistatically to produce incompatibility in garden chrysanthemums, Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat. The ratios of compatible: incompatible crosses with the original parent, as the pollen parent, were nearly 1:3, 1:1, and 1:1 for the I₁, backcross (BC), and BCF₂ generations, respectively. In particular, crosses between each progeny and the original parent showed that the number of compatible crosses was much higher than expected if each S locus acted independently. Therefore, interaction must have existed among pollen S alleles from different S loci. This information was used to demonstrate a method by which garden chrysanthemums could be inbred by sib mating in successive generations.Scientific Journal Series Paper Number 13,001 of the Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station.     

Thermal Radiation Effects on Smoke-flow in Atrium Fires

The field models for smoke flow in atrium, takings into account strong buoyancy, turbulence, radiation exchange and wall heat losses are developed according to the characteristics of the atrium fire. Realistic combustion processes in the burning fuel have not been included. A six-flux radiation model is included in a general mathematical model for fires, which are taking as a volumetric heat source, It is applied to the predictions of fire smoke development in a small-scale atrium. In order to avoid complicated radiation exchange models, radiation heat loss effects are combined to the wall heat loss. A General-purpose compute program PHOENICS has been developed to meet this need. Results of numerical calculations based on the field model are compared with test data for a fire in the small-scale atrium test facility. The resullts indicate that radiation transfer has the minor effects, due to the relatively low temperatures encountered. The method that the effect of radiation is included in the calculation of wall heat transfer losses by using maximum heat transfer coefficient is feasible. The field model used in the present study is not good enough, which a turbulent combustion sub-model must be included.