青海省高寒牧区人工草地的建植与利用

文章论述了人工草地在青海省高寒牧区草地畜牧业中的作用,提出了人工草地在利用和建植中存在的问题 及解决途径,指出人工草地应在推动高寒牧区季节畜牧业、减少放牧对天然草地的压力、恢复草地植被中发挥其作用。     

人工草地在西藏的地位与发展前景

阐述了西藏草地利用发展现状及人工草地在畜牧业可持续发展中的地位,指出加快人工草地建设是解决西藏高寒牧区冷季缺草和农区畜牧业发展,确保西藏畜牧业生产稳定持续增长的关键措施。     

发展以燕麦为支柱产业的可持续高寒草地畜牧业

针对我国青藏高寒草地畜牧业的生产现状,探讨了青藏高原高寒牧区燕麦Avena sativa品种繁育、人工草地建植和草产品加工以及以舍饲为主放牧为辅的新型集约化草地畜牧业生产模式的建立,为发展以燕麦为支柱产业的可持续高寒草地畜牧业提供理论依据.     

人工草地在西藏的地位与发展前景

阐述了西藏草地利用发展现状及人工草地在畜牧业可持续发展中的地位，指出加快人工草地建设是解决西藏高寒牧区冷季缺草和农区畜牧业发展，确保西藏畜牧业生产稳定持续增长的关键措施。     

燕麦在高寒地区畜牧业可持续发展中的地位

燕麦是我国北方牧区的一种优良栽培饲草，世代居住于青藏高原的藏族牧户也有种植燕麦的优良传统。大面积种植燕麦，建立高产、高效、优质的人工草地是解决我国高寒草地草畜供求季节不平衡矛盾，增加植被覆盖，保护草地资源和促进草地畜牧业可持续发展的关键措施之一，在维系青藏高原草地畜牧业的持续发展和防止草地退化过程中起着至关重要的作用。     

建立高产优质打贮草基地夯实家庭牧场稳定发展基础

本文论述了高寒牧区建立高产优质打贮草基地的目的意义及必要性。“川西北牧区家庭牧场优化模式研究示范”课题组在牧区因地制宜建立免耕人工打草地、翻耕人工打草地、天然打草地，提高了产草量，增加了牲畜的冬草贮备，增强了家畜的防灾抗灾能力，使牲畜的死亡率降到３％以下，为牧区畜牧业的稳定发展奠定了基础。     

人工草地飞机施肥初报

饲草是发展畜牧业的物质基础。随着人工草地建设的发展,多年生禾本科人工草场的产量不稳定,利用年限短,已成为高寒牧区人工草地建设中较为突出的问题。青海牧区海拔高,气温低,有机质分解缓慢,土壤有效养份缺乏,直接影响牧草的生物产量。因此,加速草原生态系统中氮素循环的规模和速度,无疑是提高草地生产力的重要措施。为了摸清青海牧区土壤养分供给状况以     

我国高寒地区草业的发展策略

根据近期对青海、甘肃和四川高寒牧区的调查研究，认为全方位地认识草业生产的四个层次，可以找到本地区新的经济增长点；完善的草地责任承包制是草原畜牧业持续发展的经济管理体制的基础；大量发展人工草地，促进牧区生产分流和劳动力分流，创造新的草地生产力，建立新的集约化草地畜牧业，是我国青藏高原牧区草原建设新阶段和新水平的主要标志与内容。     

西藏自治区人工草地发展现状分析

畜牧业的发展离不开草地,现代畜牧业的发展则离不开人工草地。畜牧业是西藏自治区支柱产业之一,但天然草地面临超载过牧、退化沙化、生物量低、与家畜时空分布不平衡等问题,限制当地畜牧业的发展。人工草地由于增加了劳动、技术、资金要素的投入,使牧草产量增加,品质提高,缓解了高寒牧区牧草时空分布不平衡问题,是促进西藏畜牧业发展的重要途径。本文从西藏人工草地发展历史出发,系统归纳西藏人工草地的面积变化、产量情况和栽培牧草品种,分析了限制西藏发展人工草地的问题,并针对这些问题提出了对策建议,以期为西藏畜牧业发展提供支持。     

放牧家畜品种改良是高寒牧区草地畜牧业提质增效的有效举措

牦牛、藏羊以其抗寒、抗缺氧、耐粗饲等特点,成为以青藏高原为主高寒牧区牧民赖以生存的重要生产资料,是高寒草地畜牧经济的重要支柱。由于受分布地区的地理、气候、文化、科学技术和生产力发展水平的限制,人们对牦牛、藏羊的选择作用较小,普遍存在近交现象,生长缓慢,饲养周期长,群体繁殖率低,已成为当前制约高寒牧区草地畜牧业产业化商品生产的重要瓶颈。本文对高寒牧区天然草原的地位及草地畜牧业可持续发展的制约因素进行了分析,简要介绍了国内高寒区牦牛、藏羊品种改良的技术方法、相关实践及经验等。     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1983

In late December 1983, 2 800 veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of heartworm disease in Canada in 1983 and 26% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 59 504 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 771 dogs (1.30% of those tested) were found with Dirofilaria immitis. Heartworm disease was diagnosed in all provinces except New Brunswick and Newfoundland but most (733) of the cases were in Ontario.

Heartworm disease was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 31% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 64% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continues to be the focus of the infection and most of the dogs there had not left the province previously.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1985

In late December 1985, 1485 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1985 and 44% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 137,300 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1210 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 36 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number diagnosed in 1985 as 1247 (0.91%).

Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland and Saskatchewan but most (1126) of the cases were in Ontario. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. From Quebec, 91 cases were reported mostly from and around Montreal. From Manitoba, 19 cases were reported from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 28% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 78% had a history of not having left Canada.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1988

In late November 1988, 1581 small and mixed animal clinics and institutional veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1988, and 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 181,577 dogs were blood-tested for heartworm disease and 367 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 60 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1988 as 441 (0.24%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1984

In late December 1984, 1853 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1984 and 35% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 97,794 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1417 dogs (1.45% of those tested) were found with heartworm. Another 34 dogs were amicrofilaremic, but were diagnosed as having heartworm disease, to give the total number diagnosed in 1984 as 1451 (1.48%). Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland but most (1310) of the cases were in Ontario. In Quebec, 126 cases were reported mostly from west of Montreal.

Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 27% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 72% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1991

In late November 1991, 1883 clinics in Canada were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in dogs in 1991 and there was a 60.0% response. There were 344,031 dogs tested for heart-worm (HW), 627 were found infected and the prevalence of HW infection was 0.18%. There were 417 dogs with HW in Ontario, 116 in Manitoba, 38 in Quebec, 53 in British Columbia, three in Alberta, and one in Nova Scotia. In British Columbia, all of the infected dogs but one were from the Okanagan valley which, as from 1991, is a new focus of infection in Canada. Most dogs with HW had not been on preventive medication in 1990, and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 0.59%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Companion dogs, over three years of age and maintained primarily outdoors in rural areas, were most frequently infected. One cat was diagnosed with D. immitis and 33 dogs had Dipetalonema reconditium.     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1989

In late November 1989, 1732 clinics and institutional veterinarians were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis, and 51.7% responded. Of 247,716 dogs tested, 394 had D. immitis microfilariae and 51 were amicrofilaremic for a total of 445 cases and heartworm prevalence of 0.17%. Most (408) of these dogs had no preventive medication and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 1.01%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Thirty-seven dogs with heartworm had preventive medication. Heartworm was most frequent in companion dogs over three years of age maintained outdoors in rural areas. About 75% of the cases had never left Canada, 26% had clinical signs and 125 were not treated.

Heartworm was reported from British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, but 383 cases were in Ontario. South-western Ontario was the primary focus of infection. There were 33 cases in Quebec and 24 in Manitoba, mainly found in and around Metropolitan Montreal and Winnipeg respectively.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1987

In late November 1987, 1246 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1987, and 50% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 165,428 dogs were blood tested for heartworm disease and 511 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 78 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1987 as 589 (0.35%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1986

In late December 1986, 1224 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1986; 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 150,989 dogs were blood-tested for microfilariae and 869 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 65 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease and one was found with heartworm at necropsy to give the total number diagnosed in 1986 as 935 (0.62%).

Heartworm was reported from Manitoba, New Brunswick, Ontario and Quebec, but most (810) of the cases were from Ontario. South-western Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. There were 103 cases reported from Quebec, mostly from and around Montreal, and 21 cases from Manitoba, from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 33% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 81% had a history of not having left Canada.