川优673在尤溪县作烟后稻种植表现及高产栽培技术

川优673是福建省农科院水稻研究所利用引进的优质不育系川香29A与自育强恢复系福恢673杂交配组育成的三系优质杂交水稻新组合,2009年通过福建省农作物品种审定,具有穗大粒多,结实率高,产量高,米质好,适应性广,综合抗性较强等优点.介绍了川优673在尤溪县作烟后稻种植表现及高产栽培技术.     

水稻恢复系绵恢501的选育及系列组合的应用

通过明恢６３／泰引１号／ＩＲ２６杂交选育而成的水稻恢复系绵恢５０１，具有恢复度高，配合力强，抗病性好，制种产量高，杂种优势强等特点，与野败型、冈型、Ｄ型、印尼水田谷型冰育系椟组，均表现出较强的杂种优势和优良的综合性状，其中Ⅱ优５０１、Ｄ优５０１和冈优５０１已先后通过四川省品种审定委员会审定，并在南方稻区大面积示范推广。     

优质杂交粳稻新组合86优8号

86优8号系江苏省农科院粮作所利用自育三系粳型不育系863A，与自选恢复系宁恢8号配组而成的三系杂交粳稻新组合。表现高产稳产，结实率高，米质优，抗病性强。2000年4月通过江苏省农作物品种审定。     

优质抗病籼稻恢复系泸恢615的选育与应用

用明恢63/繁32∥多恢1,4,5号混粉杂交选育而成的籼型水稻恢复系泸恢615,表现恢复力强,配合力高,米质较优,稻瘟病抗性强,与冈型、K型、野败型等不育系配组,均具有较强的杂种优势,所配组合冈优615,K优8615和泸香615已先后通过四川省品种审定。     

优质籼型三系不育系先丰A的选育与应用

先丰A是洪江先丰种业有限公司以优ⅠB与49B杂交F3代优良单株为父本,与优IA测交和连续回交转育而成的籼型三系不育系,于2007年5月通过广西壮族自治区审定。该不育系具有米质较优、抗性较好、败育彻底、开花早而集中、异交结实率高、配合力强等特性。用先丰A配组选育的杂交稻组合先丰优034和先丰优933于2009年3月通过湖南省品种审定。     

优质两系杂交水稻新组合陆两优63

选用优质广亲和低温敏核不育系陆18S与强恢复系明恢63配组而成的陆两优63，是一个高产稳产，米质优良，抗逆性较强，适应性广，栽培经济效益高的两系杂交中晚稻新组合。2001年2月通过湖南省农作物品种审定委员会审定。     

优质早籼不育系803A的选育与利用

803A系用L301B与地谷B的杂交后代与L301A回交转育而成的优质早籼不育系。其育性稳定，败育彻底，不育度和不育株率均为100％，米质优良，抗稻瘟病能力较强，农艺性状优良，遗传性状稳定，开花习性好，配合力强，杂交一代米质好，产量高，利用前景广阔。所配组合B优840生B优838已通过四川省品种审定。     

优质杂交稻新组合晶两优1212烟后种植表现与高产栽培技术

晶两优1212系籼型两系优质杂交水稻新组合,表现株型适中、分蘖力强、成穗率高、抗性强、熟期转色好、产量高、米质优等特点,其稻谷收购价格高,种植效益较好。总结了其作烟后稻栽培的种植表现和高产栽培技术。     

高产优质杂交水稻新组合中优3566

中优3566是中国水稻研究所用印水型优质不育系中9A与自育中晚籼恢复系中恢3566配组育成的优质三系杂交中晚稻新组合，产量高，米质达国标优质稻谷3级标准，熟期适中，抗性较强，制种产量高，适应性广，2006年3月通过江西省品种审定。     

e型杂交早稻新组合e优2号

e优2号系江西省赣州市农业科学研究所用自育含高秆隐性基因eui的籼型长穗颈不育系K17eA与金谷2号配组选育而成的e型杂交早稻新组合,具有米质较优、产量高、抗性较强等特点,于2005年11月通过江西省农作物品种审定委员会审定。     

Mineral composition of some traditional Mexican teas

Teas of plant origin traditionally consumed by the Mountain Pima of Chihuahua, Mexico, were analyzed for mineral nutritional content. Fe, Cu, Zn, Ca, and Mg composition was determined for native teas made from shoots ofTagetes lucida, T. filifolia, Elytraria imbricata, andHolodiscus dumosus, and from root xylem ofCeanothus depressus andPhaseolus ritensis. Native uses of these teas are also described.     

Studies on natural repellents against potato tuber moth (Phthorimaea operculella Zeller) in country stores

Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong (1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage, sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over 45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield of a subsequent crop.     

Comparative Assessment of the Efficacy of Various Nitrogen Fertilizers

Summary

The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices.     

Redox Status and Neuro Inflammation Indexes in Cerebellum and Motor Cortex of Wistar Rats Supplemented with Natural Sources of Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Astaxanthin: Fish Oil,Krill Oil,and Algal Biomass

Health authorities worldwide have consistently recommended the regular consumption of marine fishes and seafood to preserve memory, sustain cognitive functions, and prevent neurodegenerative processes in humans. Shrimp, crabs, lobster, and salmon are of particular interest in the human diet due to their substantial provision of omega-3 fatty acids (n-3/PUFAs) and the antioxidant carotenoid astaxanthin (ASTA). However, the optimal ratio between these nutraceuticals in natural sources is apparently the key factor for maximum protection against most neuro-motor disorders. Therefore, we aimed here to investigate the effects of a long-term supplementation with (n-3)/PUFAs-rich fish oil, ASTA-rich algal biomass, the combination of them, or krill oil (a natural combination of both nutrients) on baseline redox balance and neuro-inflammation indexes in cerebellum and motor cortex of Wistar rats. Significant changes in redox metabolism were only observed upon ASTA supplementation, which reinforce its antioxidant properties with a putative mitochondrial-centered action in rat brain. Krill oil imposed mild astrocyte activation in motor cortex of Wistar rats, although no redox or inflammatory index was concomitantly altered. In summary, there is no experimental evidence that krill oil, fish oil, oralgal biomass (minor variation), drastically change the baseline oxidative conditions or the neuro-inflammatory scenario in neuromotor-associated rat brain regions.     

Potential of dry fractionation of wheat bran for the development of food ingredients,part II: Electrostatic separation of particles

Wheat bran is a composite material made of several layers, such as pericarp, testa and aleurone. It could be fractionated into purified fractions, which might either be used as food ingredients, or serve as a starting material for extraction of bioactive compounds. The aim of this work was to evaluate the potential of using electrostatic separation as a way to obtain purified fractions from wheat bran. Ultrafine-ground bran obtained either by cryogenic grinding or by grinding at ambient temperature was used as starting material. The ultrafine bran was then charged by tribo-electrification and introduced in a chamber containing two high voltage electrodes, where bran particles were separated depending on their acquired charge, allowing positively and negatively charged fractions to be collected separately. The particle size distribution, microstructure and biochemical composition of the obtained fractions were studied. The charge of the particles was influenced by their biochemical composition: particles rich in highly branched and cross-linked arabinoxylans (pericarp) were separated from particles rich in β-glucan, ferulic acid and para-coumaric acid (aleurone cell walls). The testa and the intracellular compounds from aleurone were not highly charged, neither positively nor negatively. The most positively charged fraction represented 34% of the initial bran, and contained 62% of the ferulic acid present in the initial bran. The yield of the separation process was good (5.4% loss), and could be further increased.     

In vitro antimicrobial activity of different accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. from Uruguay

Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds.     

Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets

Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Pulque</Emphasis>, An Alcoholic Drink from Rural Mexico,Contains Phytase. Its <Emphasis Type="Italic">in vitro</Emphasis> Effects on Corn Tortilla

Pulque is made by fermenting the agave sap or aguamiel of Agave atrovirens with a whole array of microorganisms present in the environment including several lactic acid bacteria and yeasts such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Ascorbic acid was determined in pulque and aguamiel, respectively. Phytase activity in lees, liquid and freeze-dried pulque was assayed by measuring the appearance of phosphate from phytate by a colorimetric method likewise phosphate from phytate present in fresh corn tortilla was measured after in vitro incubation with pulque. Iron, zinc, calcium, magnesium and selenium contents were measured in pulque and corn tortilla as well as in nixtamalized corn flour (NCF), the latter is used to make instant tortilla, since corn provides most of the energy as well as most of the phytate in the Mexican rural diet. Pulque showed phytase activity but much less ascorbic acid and iron than previously reported; additionally, phytase in pulque hydrolyzed most of phytate’s corn tortilla. Lees, which is mostly made of pulque’s microbiota, significantly accumulated iron and zinc but no selenium. NCF was fortified with iron by the manufacturers but poorly blended. There were significant differences on selenium content between tortillas samples, apparently some soils in central Mexico are selenium deficient. Moderate pulque intake appears to increase the bioavailability of iron and zinc bound by phytate in corn.