中籼水稻多品种(组合)引种对比研究

[目的]为水稻品种种植选择提供参考。[方法]选取7个品种(组合)参加展示,考察产量与质量性状、全生育期天数,并比较抗逆性。[结果]参加展示品种(组合)产量7 282.5~8 854.5 kg/hm2,产量水平表现较高,米质表现都比较好,全生育期142~145 d,抗性较好。[结论]7个品种表现均较好,建议继续示范推广。     

鲜食(甜、糯)玉米品种筛选试验研究

[目的]为鲜食玉米产业持续发展,新品种更新换代提供种源。[方法]2014年通过品种筛选试验,对主要经济性状、生育期、抗病性、品质及产量进行分析。[结果]筛选出云甜玉9号、彩糯6号、云糯4号和云糯6号,可供来年大面积示范。[结论]该研究结果可在云南省保山市及气候类似地区做鲜食玉米示范品种应用。     

粳稻新品种(系)适应性试验

以近年来新推出的新品种(系)为对象,从生育期、农艺性状、抗逆性、产量等方面,比较研究了各品种在本地生态、生产条件下的适应性。结果表明,淮稻9号、扬辐粳7号、盐稻8号、徐稻3号、镇稻196、扬辐粳4901、三优18等品种综合表现较好,可在本地示范种植。盐稻9号、临稻11号、徐稻4号等品种部分性状比较突出,但存在明显缺点,可进一步试验示范。宁粳1号和津稻1007熟期较迟,不宜在本地种植。     

泰兴市2015年水稻新品种适应性研究

探索水稻11个新品种在泰兴市的生育期、植株性状、抗灾性能、产量表现.结果表明武运粳30号、武运粳31号表现抗倒性、抗病性比较突出,产量较高,但成熟期较迟,生育期较长,可作为机插秧的地区搭配种植品种,适当提前播种,不宜直播水稻.南粳52、盐粳13号综合表现熟期适中,产量相对较稳,可进一步扩大示范种植.武运粳24号、扬育粳2号、扬农稻1号综合表现出色,熟期适中,可作为泰兴市推广品种.     

2011年苍南县中晚稻品种展示和示范试验

[目的]筛选出适宜苍南县种植的水稻新品种。[方法]以11个品种为中晚稻示范品种,15个品种为单季晚稻展示品种,考察中晚稻新品种在苍南县的生育期、农艺性状、穗粒结构和产量表现。[结果]天美1号、内五优70、Y两优9918、沪优9803、五优308、C两优87、协优950、新两优343等品种综合表现较好,可继续进行示范和展示试验,考察其稳定性;C两优1128,甬优412,Y两优689、宜优673等品种可在苍南县扩大示范面积。[结论]该试验为改善苍南县品种结构,实现水稻品种的更新换代提供参考。     

2014年沈阳市引进水稻新品种比较试验

[目的]为筛选适合沈阳市大面积种植的高产、稳产、优质、高抗的水稻品种提供科学依据,并为水稻新品种选育目标的提供参考。[方法]对引进的11个水稻品种进行对比栽培,调查了作物的生育期、成熟期及穗粒特性,鉴定抗病性、丰产性及适应性。[结果]辽星16号、沈优1号和美锋9产量较高,综合性状较优。[结论]辽星16号、沈优1号和美锋9等3个品种经进一步试验,可在沈阳地区大面积推广种植。     

江淮春性小麦新品种比较试验

[目的]筛选出适合裕安区乃至周边地区种植的高产、优质、多抗春性小麦新品种.[方法]选择10个新品种,与对照品种扬麦20进行对比试验,研究各品种的生育期、农艺性状、产量和综合抗性.[结果]综合比较,建议扬麦29、扬红6号、久好麦2号、皖西麦0501、扬辐麦5号、农麦156等在江淮春性麦区扩大示范种植,逐步加以推广应用.[...     

天优3301在龙海早季种植的综合表现及其高产栽培技术

天优3301系福建省农科院生物技术研究所新育成的组合,于2008年通过福建省农作物品种审定(闽审稻2008023),并列入2008年福建省主推的杂交水稻新品种.2008年早季在漳州龙海市水稻优质高产示范基地种植,早季生育期150 d,比特优63迟熟1d;稻米品质优,农艺性状好,抗逆性强,具有较高的产量潜力,天优3301实际产量为722.1 kg/667m2,比特优63增产34.9 kg/667m2.增产5.1%.     

辽盐系列品种将在北京地区迅速推广

<正> 随着基础肥力的增加。水肥管理的改善,北京地区现有水稻品种的病害、倒伏、混杂较重,增产潜力受到限制,品种更新势在必行。为此,北京市东郊农场科技站杨家林等同志,在1989年少量引种辽盐系列品种的基础上,1990年扩大示范280亩,包括辽盐2号、辽盐2号(15系)、辽盐241、辽盐283,辽盐11、辽盐15等系列品种。并对生育期、抗逆性,产量构成、     

鲜食糯玉米新品种引进和综合评价

对引进的27个鲜食糯玉米品种进行品比试验,调查生育期、植株性状、果穗性状、抗逆性、产量、品质性状6个方面内容。结果表明：金糯628和美玉5号2个品种品质优、产量高、综合性状好,适合在广东省汕头市及生态条件相近的地区推广种植。     

Mineral composition of some traditional Mexican teas

Teas of plant origin traditionally consumed by the Mountain Pima of Chihuahua, Mexico, were analyzed for mineral nutritional content. Fe, Cu, Zn, Ca, and Mg composition was determined for native teas made from shoots ofTagetes lucida, T. filifolia, Elytraria imbricata, andHolodiscus dumosus, and from root xylem ofCeanothus depressus andPhaseolus ritensis. Native uses of these teas are also described.     

Studies on natural repellents against potato tuber moth (Phthorimaea operculella Zeller) in country stores

Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong (1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage, sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over 45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield of a subsequent crop.     

Comparative Assessment of the Efficacy of Various Nitrogen Fertilizers

Summary

The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices.     

Redox Status and Neuro Inflammation Indexes in Cerebellum and Motor Cortex of Wistar Rats Supplemented with Natural Sources of Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Astaxanthin: Fish Oil,Krill Oil,and Algal Biomass

Health authorities worldwide have consistently recommended the regular consumption of marine fishes and seafood to preserve memory, sustain cognitive functions, and prevent neurodegenerative processes in humans. Shrimp, crabs, lobster, and salmon are of particular interest in the human diet due to their substantial provision of omega-3 fatty acids (n-3/PUFAs) and the antioxidant carotenoid astaxanthin (ASTA). However, the optimal ratio between these nutraceuticals in natural sources is apparently the key factor for maximum protection against most neuro-motor disorders. Therefore, we aimed here to investigate the effects of a long-term supplementation with (n-3)/PUFAs-rich fish oil, ASTA-rich algal biomass, the combination of them, or krill oil (a natural combination of both nutrients) on baseline redox balance and neuro-inflammation indexes in cerebellum and motor cortex of Wistar rats. Significant changes in redox metabolism were only observed upon ASTA supplementation, which reinforce its antioxidant properties with a putative mitochondrial-centered action in rat brain. Krill oil imposed mild astrocyte activation in motor cortex of Wistar rats, although no redox or inflammatory index was concomitantly altered. In summary, there is no experimental evidence that krill oil, fish oil, oralgal biomass (minor variation), drastically change the baseline oxidative conditions or the neuro-inflammatory scenario in neuromotor-associated rat brain regions.     

Potential of dry fractionation of wheat bran for the development of food ingredients,part II: Electrostatic separation of particles

Wheat bran is a composite material made of several layers, such as pericarp, testa and aleurone. It could be fractionated into purified fractions, which might either be used as food ingredients, or serve as a starting material for extraction of bioactive compounds. The aim of this work was to evaluate the potential of using electrostatic separation as a way to obtain purified fractions from wheat bran. Ultrafine-ground bran obtained either by cryogenic grinding or by grinding at ambient temperature was used as starting material. The ultrafine bran was then charged by tribo-electrification and introduced in a chamber containing two high voltage electrodes, where bran particles were separated depending on their acquired charge, allowing positively and negatively charged fractions to be collected separately. The particle size distribution, microstructure and biochemical composition of the obtained fractions were studied. The charge of the particles was influenced by their biochemical composition: particles rich in highly branched and cross-linked arabinoxylans (pericarp) were separated from particles rich in β-glucan, ferulic acid and para-coumaric acid (aleurone cell walls). The testa and the intracellular compounds from aleurone were not highly charged, neither positively nor negatively. The most positively charged fraction represented 34% of the initial bran, and contained 62% of the ferulic acid present in the initial bran. The yield of the separation process was good (5.4% loss), and could be further increased.     

In vitro antimicrobial activity of different accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. from Uruguay

Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds.     

Pharmacokinetics of Marine-Derived Drugs

Marine organisms represent an excellent source of innovative compounds that have the potential for the development of new drugs. The pharmacokinetics of marine drugs has attracted increasing interest in recent decades due to its effective and potential contribution to the selection of rational dosage recommendations and the optimal use of the therapeutic arsenal. In general, pharmacokinetics studies how drugs change after administration via the processes of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME). This review provides a summary of the pharmacokinetics studies of marine-derived active compounds, with a particular focus on their ADME. The pharmacokinetics of compounds derived from algae, crustaceans, sea cucumber, fungus, sea urchins, sponges, mollusks, tunicate, and bryozoan is discussed, and the pharmacokinetics data in human experiments are analyzed. In-depth characterization using pharmacokinetics is useful for obtaining information for understanding the molecular basis of pharmacological activity, for correct doses and treatment schemes selection, and for more effective drug application. Thus, an increase in pharmacokinetic research on marine-derived compounds is expected in the near future.     

Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets

Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity.