83008—1在无花果中的作用

８３００８－１是一种新型的植物生长调节剂，用不同浓度的８３００８－１对无花果进行田间试验，结果表明：５０×１０－６促进顶端生长，２００×１０－６明显地抑制顶端生长；１００ｘ１０－６对座果数、单果重有促进作用．在１００×１０－６的基础上，添加一定量的氮和磷，单果重明显提高．     

新植物生长调节剂——83008—1在马褂木育苗中的应用

８３００８－１是木质素酸钠，是一种新型的植物生长调节物质。经过２年在两个试验点上，用不同浓度的８３００８－１对马褂木一年生苗木进行叶面喷施，结果表明，喷施当年低浓度（５０，１００ｐｐｍ）对苗木生长有一定的促进作用，而高浓度（２００￣２０００ｐｐｍ）则有明显的抑制作用，其强度与浓度呈正相关。喷施后第２年有迟后效应，但强度因种源而异。１００ｐｐｍ８３００８－、对马褂木进行浸种处理，对出苗率影响不明显，     

植物生长调节剂对香椿芽菜增产效应的研究

对香椿芽苗喷施无根豆芽素、绿风９５ 、农家宝１ 号、绿勃康等植物生长调节剂，结果表明：喷施后香椿芽苗体内促进生长的生理效应明显增强， 苗高比对照提高５－３ ％～１４－６ ％ ，叶面积比对照增加７－９ ％～３４－１ ％ ，芽菜产量比对照增产１－５４ ％ ～３６－１５ ％ 。其中，以施用无根豆芽素和绿勃康两种植物生长调节剂的效果较佳，特别是喷施前者的种芽幼苗，生长茁壮、立根短、侧根少、芽菜质量上乘，芽菜产量较对照增产３６－１５ ％ ，创造了纯种子与芽菜产出效益比为１∶８－６３ 的突破性记录。     

83008—1在银杏生产中的应用

８３００８－１是木质素酸钠的简称。通过生物学试验，初步确定是一种新型的植物生长素。１９９３年我们用三种浓度的８３００８－１分三次对银杏进行叶面喷施。结果表明１００ｐｐｍ为最佳浓度，增加产量的高限为４．７％，增加单果体积的高限是９．９２％。提高座率的作用不稳定，但处理的平均值略高于对照。     

新植物生长调节剂──83008—1在马褂木育苗中的应用

８３００８－１是木质素酸钠，是一种新型的植物生长调节物质。经过２年在两个试验点上，用不同浓度的８３００８－１对马褂木一年生苗木进行叶面喷施，结果表明，喷施当年低浓度（５０，１００ｐｐｍ）对苗木生长有一定的促进作用，而高浓度（２００～２０００ｐｐｍ）则有明显的抑制作用，其强度与浓度呈正相关。喷施后第２年有迟后效应，但强度因种源而异。１００ｐｐｍ８３００８－１对马褂木进行浸种处理，对出苗率影响不明显，但提高了成苗率５１％，并有明显的壮苗作用。     

多效丰产灵对植物的作用机理

多效丰产灵是目前我国应用效果较好的一种新的植物生长调节剂,对树木与植物生长和增产作用明显,其可通过促进植物代谢、植物细胞与组织结构、基因表达、信息传递等对植物生长起到积极作用。     

植物生长调节剂在农林经济作物上的应用及注意事项

扼要阐述了植物生长促进剂、植物生长抑制剂和植物生长延缓剂这3类植物生长调节剂在农林业经济作物上的应用方法及其注意事项,对正确选择和合理应用植物生长调节剂大有裨益,亦为植物生长调节剂的推广指明了方向。     

培养条件对墨兰组培芽增殖和生长的影响

以金边墨兰无菌苗为试材，通过不同温度和不同植物生长调节剂对墨兰组培芽增殖和生长的影响研究表明：在试验范围内，在１／２ＭＳ固体培养基上，以６－ＢＡ２．０ｍｇ·Ｌ－１（单位下同）＋ＩＢＡ１．０、日温２８℃、夜温２４℃繁殖系数最高，以ＮＡＡ１．０或ＮＡＡ１．０＋ＩＢＡ１．０日温２６℃、夜温２２℃对根、茎、叶的生长和分化最为有利，二者结合可显著提高繁殖系数和幼苗生产量。     

油菜素内酯(天丰素)

油菜素内酯（天丰素）该产品是经仿生合成而得的油菜素内酯的异构物，其刺激植物生长的效果虽只有天然物的１／１０（在００１～０１ｐｐｍ浓度下效果显著），仍不失为高效植物生长促进剂。与目前使用的有些植物生长调节剂相比较，具有安全、无药害、使用有效浓度低、...     

植物生长调节剂对乐昌含笑根系生长的影响

采用不同浓度的植物生长调节剂ABT-3、IAA、NAA对乐昌含笑的3年生袋苗进行处理,测定根系生长指标的变化,得出了最能促进乐昌含笑根系生长的植物生长调节剂种类以及浓度,结果表明:不同浓度不同种类的植物生长调节剂均能提升乐昌含笑的根系活力,150mg/L的IAA对乐昌含笑根系活力的促进作用最为显著;3种植物生长调节剂处理乐昌含笑的根系形态参数之间呈正相关,且3种植物生长调节剂对乐昌含笑根系生长的促进作用均极为明显,150mg/L的IAA对乐昌含笑根系生长的促进作用最为显著。综上所述,对乐昌含笑的根系生长的促进作用最显著的植物生长调节剂是IAA,最促浓度是150mg/L。     

青麸杨复叶类型与肚倍产量关系的初步研究

通过对青麸杨（ＲｈｕｓｐｏｔａｎｉｎｉｉＭａｘｉｍ）四种类型复叶上挂倍数目、位置及肚倍鲜重的研究得知：在各类型复叶中，每片复对上挂１个肚倍的产量极显著高于挂２、３、４个的。在每片更叶上只挂１个肚倍的情况下，小叶数为１３片和１１片的两种复叶类型的产量极显著高于小叶数为９片和７片的产量；而肚倍挂在复叶的左边和右边的小叶上与肚倍的产量差异不显著。     

Acceleration of Early Growth of Seedlings and Rooted Cuttings of Quercus robur L.

The normal delays in the production of useful planting materialin tree species such as Quercus robur from both seedlings andcuttings can be overcome by growing the plants at relativelyhigh temperature and in continuous light. Top growth could befurther accelerated by application of gibberellic acid (GA3)as foliar spray. There were, however, distinct differences inresponse between seedlings (with a high root: top dry matterratio, 4:1), and freshly rooted cuttings. The latter evincedonly onefifth the seedling response, but when cuttings attainedsimilar root:top ratios, their response reached that of seedlings. GA3 treatment accelerated top growth at the expense of rootgrowth, but a root dip for 4h in 100 ppm indole-3yl-butyricacid (IBA) given to 4-month-old cuttings restored root growthto normal even with GA3 treatment. During rooting, cutting commonlybecame dormant but this was prevented by foliar GA3 sprays.Growth was further and substantially improved by inclusion ofcytokinin in such sprays (benzylandenine purine, BAP). Furtherimprovements of growth were obtained by 5% sucrose suppliedto the foliage. In field experiments, assessing ‘establishment’of seedlings and cuttings, the latter established well but after550 days still had not attained the same root:shoot ratio asseedlings. GA3 (50 ppm) again greatly promoted shoot growth,while BAP increased branching and leaf number; when given togethermaximum leaf numbers and shoot dry weight were obtained, yetroot growth remained normal. Further addition of IBA raisedshoot growth still further, but other characters measured sufferedreductions. The potential use of these findings is discussed.     

减压耦合超声法提取桑叶脱氧野尻霉素及降血糖活性研究

【目的】为高效制备桑叶中的一种多羟基生物碱—脱氧野尻霉素(Deoxynojirimycin,DNJ),以期为建立桑叶DNJ提取新技术及其营养价值的开发提供参照。【方法】以桑叶为原料,采用响应面优化法建立基于减压耦合超声法提取桑叶DNJ的工艺条件优化,并以其对α-葡萄糖苷酶与蔗糖酶的综合抑制率为指标,考察其与降血糖活性间的相关性。以阿卡波糖为阳性对照,分别测定了DNJ对α-葡萄糖苷酶、蔗糖酶抑制率的IC50值。【结果】最佳提取工艺条件为料液比1∶40(g∶mL)、超声温度65℃、超声时间24 min、超声功率480 W、乙醇体积分数69%、真空度0.08~0.1 MPa,在此条件下DNJ得率为(1.10±0.02)mg·g-1。与单一超声波法相比提高了64.18%(P <0.01),且桑叶DNJ与降血糖活性之间具有显著相关性r=0.738(P <0.05),以阿卡波糖作为阳性对照,测定桑叶DNJ对α-葡萄糖苷酶和蔗糖酶抑制率的IC50值分别为:0.770、1.772 mg·mL-1。【结论】减压耦合超声波法能高效制备桑叶中的DNJ,使其最终得率明显提升,且桑叶DNJ具有显著的降血糖活性,可作为降血糖功能食品中重要的组成部分。减压耦合超声法使提取容器内空气变稀薄,提取物受到的外力减小,分子链变大,需要打破分子链的能量降低,从而缩短了提取时间,降低了提取温度,减少了能耗。     

Chemical constituents of Morus alba L. and their inhibitory effect on 3T3-L1 preadipocyte proliferation and differentiation

Mulberry leaf, an important traditional Chinese medicine, possesses many biological activities, including effects of anti-obesity. However, which constituents of mulberry leaf are responsible for its anti-adipogenic action is unclear. This study primarily investigated the chemical constituents from mulberry leaf and their bioactivity on the proliferation and differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. A new flavane derivative, (2S)-4′-hydroxy-7-methoxy-8-prenylflavan (1), together with twelve known compounds including three flavanes (2–4), three chalcones (5–7), two flavones (8–9), two benzofurans (10–11) and two coumarin (12–13) was isolated from mulberry leaf. The structure of the new compound was elucidated by various spectroscopic methods including UV, HR-ESI-MS, ¹H and ¹³C NMR and CD. The results of activity screening showed that compound 2, 6 and 7 inhibited the proliferation and differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes.     

Light distribution,photosynthetic rate and yield in a Paulownia-wheat intercropping system in China

Measurements of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), leaf photosynthesis, canopy leaf area index (LAI) and crop yield were carried from flowering to maturity to study the effects of tree shading on crop yield in a Paulownia-wheat intercropping system in China. We found that the tree shading reduced the amount of incoming PAR within the intercropping system by 22%, 44% and 56% during flowering, grain-filling and maturing, respectively. The amount of PAR intercepted by the wheat crop inside the intercropping system was 34%, 55% and 68% less than the crop outside the intercropping system during flowering, grain-filling and maturing. Estimates of PAR-saturated leaf photosynthetic rate were not affected by tree shading, and the differences between the wheat yield inside the intercropping system and outside the intercropping system can be explained by the difference in the amount of PAR intercepted. Total grain numbers and grain dry weight per 1000 grains were linearly correlated with the amount of PAR intercepted during 7 days prior to anthesis and during anthesis and grain-filling, respectively. As compared with the wheat crop outside the intercropping system, grain numbers and grain dry weight were reduced by 36% and 25%, respectively. As a result wheat yield inside the intercropping system was 51% lower than that outside the intercropping system. Our results suggest a much higher reduction in crop yield and much smaller economic gain of the Paulownia-wheat intercropping system than previous studies on the similar Paulownia-wheat intercropping systems in China.     

Nutrition and growth of wheat–sorghum rotation in soils amended with leaf litter of trees before planting of wheat

Nutrient release from plant residues can be manipulated as per crop demand through several approaches. A pot study was conducted to study the influence of incorporation of leaf litter of poplar (Populus deltoides), eucalypt (Eucalyptus hybrid) and dek (Melia azedarach) inoculated with cellulolytic fungus culture (Aspergillus awamori) on the nutrition and biomass of wheat (Triticum aestivum, cv. PBW 343) in loamy sand and sandy loam soils. The residual effect of leaf litter after wheat harvest was studied on sorghum (Sorghum bicolor, cv. Punjab Sudax Chari 1). The treatments consisted of a control (no leaf litter) and three uninoculated as well as inoculated leaf litter levels of tree species–0.15%, 0.30% and 0.45% (w/w, dry weight basis). A uniform dose of N, P and K @ 50, 11 and 10 mg kg⁻¹ soil, respectively from inorganic fertilizers was applied to all the treated pots. Straw and grain yield, and nutrient content of wheat increased with increasing level of uninoculated or inoculated leaf litter in both the soils. The inoculated leaf litter augmented the yield and nutrient content of crop significantly (P < 0.05) as compared to the corresponding uninoculated treatments. Poplar and dek leaf litter produced higher wheat yield, plant nutrient content and available nutrients in soil after wheat harvest than eucalypt leaf litter. Dry matter yield of sorghum raised on residual fertility increased significantly with increasing levels of leaf litter application. The comparative responses in yield and nutrient content of crops were higher in loamy sand than in the sandy loam soil. The study shows the beneficial influence of use of cellulolytic microorganisms on enhancement in decomposition and nutrient release from litterfall of tree species.     

Potential for genetic improvement of oil production in Melaleuca alternifolia and M. linariifolia

Variation in oil yields from plantations and natural stands of Melaleuca alternifolia (Maiden and Betche) Cheel indicates considerable potential for improving plantation production through breeding. Some populations of the more widely distributed species, M. linariifolia Sm., produce a similar leaf oil and may provide opportunities to expand the genetic base of plantations. Growth and oil traits were assessed for 60 half-sib families, representing three chemical forms of Melaleuca alternifolia, and 10 half-sib families of the terpinen-4-ol rich chemical form of M. linariifolia, in a provenance/progeny trial in northern New South Wales, Australia. Differences in oil composition and coppicing between the terpinen-4-ol rich forms of the two species were significant (P < 0.05), while differences in growth traits and leaf oil yield were not significant. The difference in oil composition between northern and southern populations of M. linariifolia was as great as differences between the two species, suggesting the two regions should be considered distinct races for breeding purposes.Narrow-sense heritabilities in M. alternifolia of 0.67 for oil yield, 0.25 for plant dry weight, and 0.27 for coppice indicate substantial improvement would follow selection for single traits. However, negative genetic correlations between oil yield and plant dry weight indicate it is not possible to simultaneously achieve major gains in the two traits. Using combined index selection with a restriction on plant dry weight, expected gains of 17% in oil yield and 14% in coppicing are predicted from one generation of selection at an intensity of one tree in ten.     

荔波连蕊茶GA2ox1基因的克隆及表达分析

[目的]GA2氧化酶是赤霉素生物合成代谢过程中关键酶之一,GA2ox家族基因常被用于植物矮化基因工程育种。[方法]根据植物GA2氧化酶基因编码区的保守序列设计引物,以山茶属荔波连蕊茶嫩枝为材料,提取总RNA,进行RT-PCR。采用RACE技术扩增获得1 371 bp的GA2ox基因全长cDNA序列,命名为ClGA2ox1(GenBank登录号KJ502290)。[结果]序列分析表明,ClGA2ox1放阅读框(ORF)为1 002 bp,编码333个氨基酸,5'非编码区59 bp,3'非编码区310 bp。预测的蛋白质分子量为37.31 kD,等电点为5.92,具有GA2ox超基因家族的保守结构域和特有的氨基酸残基。ClGA2ox1蛋白与GenBank中收录的其它植物GA2ox蛋白氨基酸的相似性达到80%。构建系统进化树,结果显示山茶GA2氧化酶与烟草GA2ox蛋白的亲缘关系最为密切。实时定量PCR结果显示,该基因在荔波边蕊茶不同器官及发育不同时期的均有表达,表达量有所不同:ClGA2ox1基因在2年生茎段中的表达量最高,在嫩枝和根中也有较高的表达,而在新抽生的嫩叶中最低。[结论]试验结果为进一步明确ClGA2ox1基因的功能特征及揭示其参与调控植物生长的分子机制奠定基础。     

银杏叶用园建园材料选择的研究

对来自浙江、河南、山东、江苏等银杏产地的１３个优良单株３年生银杏嫁接苗的叶产量、黄酮含量、黄酮的组成成份、内酯含量、内酯的组成成份及黄酮、内酯的年变化规律等进行了比较研究。结果表明,不同银杏优良单株间的叶产量、黄酮含量、内酸含量等存在显著差异;黄酮和内酯在叶中的含量以９￣１０月最高,银杏植株各器官中黄酮的含量以叶最高,茎最低;在总黄酮中,槲皮素所占比例最大,其次为山奈酚,最后为异鼠李素;内酯的组成成分中则以银杏内酯Ａ为最大,其次为白果内酯,最后为银杏内酯Ｂ、银枵内酯Ｃ;根据叶产量、黄酮产量、内酯产量等指标,将１３个银杏叶用优良单株分成３类：优－Ｅ４,中等－Ｅ１、Ｅ２、Ｅ５、Ｅ６,差－Ｅ３、Ｅ７、Ｅ８、Ｅ１０、Ｗ２、Ｗ３、Ｗ４、Ｗ５,即优良单株Ｅ４是采叶园最后的建园材料,Ｅ１、Ｅ２、Ｅ５、Ｅ６等次之。