植物多糖的提取分离及应用研究进展

植物多糖参与机体各种生理代谢,具有调节机体免疫、抑制肿瘤、延缓衰老、降血糖血脂、抗辐射、抗菌、抗病毒等生物活性,其独特的活性和来源的天然性在保障人体健康应用中具有强大潜力。笔者介绍了植物多糖的提取分离方法,生物活性,开发与利用等近年来的研究成果     

植物多糖的结构与分离纯化技术研究进展

植物多糖具有调节机体免疫、抑制肿瘤、抗疲劳、降血糖血脂、抗病毒、抗氧化等生物活性,还具有毒副作用小、疗效好等优点。本文主要介绍了植物多糖的结构、分离纯化技术等研究进展。     

植物多糖的研究及应用进展

植物多糖具有广泛的药理作用,参与机体各种生理代谢,具有调节机体免疫功能、抑制肿瘤、抗衰老、抗病毒、降血脂、降血糖、抗氧化等多种生物活性。提高植物多糖的提取分离效率,加深对其药理活性机制及作用机理与结构关系的认识,是当前研究的热点。此文重点对植物多糖的结构、提取方法、药理作用以及在医药、食品、农业等领域的应用等方面概述了其研究进展,以期作为合理利用植物资源的依据,为植物多糖的进一步开发利用提供了参考。     

何首乌多糖的研究进展

何首乌多糖是植物何首乌块根中提取到的一种新活性成分,目前已成为何首乌研究的又一亮点。何首乌多糖具有免疫调节、抗氧化、抗衰老和抗老年痴呆等生物活性作用。概述了何首乌多糖的提取、分离纯化和结构分析,以及其生物活性的研究进展,介绍了不同炮制方法对何首乌多糖的影响,总结了当前何首乌多糖研究中存在的问题并指出其今后研究的发展方向。     

阿魏菇多糖药理作用研究进展

阿魏菇是一种有药用价值的名贵珍稀食用菌,多糖是阿魏菇中重要的药用活性成分,具有抗氧化、抗炎、抗肿瘤、提高机体免疫力、抗辐射等生物活性,综述阿魏菇多糖的药理作用,阐明其药用价值,旨在为其进一步开发利用提供参考。     

阿魏菇多糖药理作用研究进展

阿魏菇是一种有药用价值的名贵珍稀食用菌,多糖是阿魏菇中重要的药用活性成分,具有抗氧化、抗炎、抗肿瘤、提高机体免疫力、抗辐射等生物活性,综述阿魏菇多糖的药理作用,阐明其药用价值,旨在为其进一步开发利用提供参考。     

植物源性多糖提取及生物活性研究进展

植物多糖是一种来源广的天然活性物质,因其具有毒性低、活性高等优点,开发利用前景广阔,而多糖提取方法与多糖的提取率及生物活性息息相关。为了明确植物多糖提取方法之间的差异,及提取方法与多糖提取率和活性之间的联系,本文在大量的文献基础上,归纳了一些植物多糖不同提取方法的优缺点,总结了不同提取方法多糖提取率的差异,分析了不同提取方法对其生物活性的影响。得出不同的提取方法自身都有一定的益处和弊端。由于植物自身结构的限制,不同提取方法对其提取率和结构都有所影响,选取适宜的提取方法,可以提高工作效率,也为指导多糖提取工作提供理论依据。     

植物多糖的提取技术与功能研究进展

多糖几乎存在于所有的动物、植物及微生物体内而参与机体生理代谢。植物多糖具有降血糖、降血脂、预防和治疗糖尿病、抗肿瘤、抗氧化等生理功能,可作为药物用于临床治疗,其提取方法主要有超滤法、微波辅助提取法、超微粉碎法、超临界流体萃取法等。     

长白楤木生物活性成分的研究进展

长白楤木是一种药食同源的珍贵植物,在心血管疾病、神经系统、抗肿瘤等方面具有保健功效。因此,将长白楤木中的黄酮类物质、皂苷类、多糖等生物活性成分进行了综述,并对其前景进行展望,以便更好地开发利用长白楤木植物资源。     

近年来植物多糖提取方法研究进展

植物多糖生物活性的研究一直以来备受关注,对其提取方法及工艺的研究也较多,已成为研究热点之一.将目前广泛应用的一些提取植物多糖的方法(包括溶剂提取法、酸提法、碱提法、醇提法、超声波提取法)进行比较、分析,为植物多糖的进一步研究提供基础.     

Advances in Biological Activity of Pine Polyphenol

Pine polyphenols as a wide and high application value natural products,possess a series of unique chemical and biological activity.It can be widely used in the fields of food,pharmacy,health care products,cosmetic and high polymer material.An overview of researches in biological activity of pine polyphenol were showed,including antioxidant activity,hpyerglycemic,hypolipemic,antihypertensive,anticancer,antibiosis,antiinflammatory and anti-radiation.     

柠檬苦素类化合物临床作用的研究应用

柠檬苦素类化合物是一类高度氧化的四环三萜类植物次生代谢物质,有抗癌、抗氧化、抗病毒、降低胆固醇、防止动脉粥样硬化、镇痛催眠、消炎抑菌、杀虫等生物活性,在医学和农业领域有广阔的开发利用前景。综述柠檬苦素类化合物的结构、合成途径、生物活性及临床作用的最新研究进展。     

快速生物培肥剂对水稻机插秧苗生理特性的影响

摘要：试验以普通水稻土处理为对照,研究了不同培肥方式对水稻机插秧苗生理特性的影响。结果表明：普通水稻土通过快速培肥剂培肥其水稻秧苗的叶绿素、可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白质含量显著高于其他处理,同时根系活力、植株的含氮量也显著高于其他处理,但盐碱土采用快速培肥剂培肥不利于秧苗的生长,表明快速生物培肥剂对水稻秧苗的影响受土壤特性的影响。     

黑曲霉和产朊假丝酵母联合发酵生产单细胞蛋白工艺参数的研究

为利用黑曲霉和产朊假丝酵母联合发酵玉米秸秆生产单细胞蛋白,笔者利用经航天诱变筛选的高产纤维素酶活菌株黑曲霉ZM-8和产朊假丝酵母SJ2,采用混菌固态发酵方式,研究产朊假丝酵母SJ2接种量、接种时间和联合发酵时间等因素在玉米秸秆为主要原料的培养基中对发酵产物中单细胞蛋白(SCP)含量的影响。结果表明最优发酵条件为先接入1:30黑曲霉,24h后接种5%的产朊假丝酵母,黑曲霉和产朊假丝酵母联合发酵36h。在最优发酵工艺条件下,发酵产物中SCP的含量达到了25.44%。     

Expression and Secretion of Mutant Recombinant Human GM-CSF in Pichia Pastoris

Clinic test reveal that by contrasting with expression in E.coli the human granulocyte-macroghage colony-stimulating factor( hGM-CSF) which expression in Pichia Pastoris has lower toxity and side-effect rate. Due to nonglycosylated hGM-CSF has higher biological activity in vivo, we mutant glycosylated positions by using PCR technique. The mutant GM-CSF gene was inserted into PPIC9K and then transformed into Pichia Pastoris strain GS115 for high expression. The results demonstrat that, in spite of the mutation, the expression product also has natural biological activity.     

Response of soil biological activity to common herbicide strategies in sugar beet cultivation

Agricultural intensification is strongly related to the application of pesticides which may substantially affect agroecosystems. It is recognized that the effect of pesticides on agroecosystems is associated with the application of multi-component mixtures rather than from individual pesticides. In sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) cultivation, the most used pesticides are herbicides. Herbicides are commonly applied with varying intensities depending on their amount of active ingredients and dosages to coincide with weed species-specific occurrence. Research on their ecotoxicological effects on functional attributes of agroecosystems has not received adequate attention. This study aims to determine the impact of three common sugar beet herbicide strategies (HS) on the biological activity of the edaphic community, proposed as a functional indicator for potential decomposition capability. The strategies compared were: HS1: two herbicides, 100% of authorized application rate; HS2: three herbicides, <50% of authorized application rate; HS3: six herbicides, ≤35% of authorized application rate. To discern anticipated small differences, different tillage intensities (ploughing and mulching) and comprehensive field trials at 19 environments (site × year) distributed throughout Germany were compared. Feeding activity on bait substrate and the mass loss of wheat straw were measured to quantify the effect of HS on the decomposition activity of the edaphic community.Overall, this study demonstrated that no consistent significant differences in biological activity were found among herbicides strategies. Environment and tillage intensity were the main factors influencing the biological activity of the edaphic community. Biological activity was highly variable among environments and was reduced by differences in tillage. Furthermore, temperature was observed to be an important factor for the biological activity. Moreover, soil parameters resulting from reduced tillage intensity in the mulching system enhanced biological activity. In conclusion, clear and direct effects of changing herbicide strategies on the functional integrity of the edaphic community could not be discerned. These results were quantified for the first time through considering multiple influencing factors in situ.     

Identification of respiration rate and water activity change in fresh-cut carrots using biospeckle laser and frequency approach

For consumers, fresh-cut fruits and vegetables are a convenient product and a healthy source of fresh food that has nutritional and sensory characteristics similar to those of intact products. In this paper, a non-destructive method for analyzing fresh-cut fruit and vegetables is described. The biospeckle laser technique is based on the optical phenomenon of interference generated by a coherent light interacting with biological materials or dynamical systems. Although many publications on this technique's biological applications have reported that biospeckle activity corresponds to the activity of biological samples, there is some difficulty in determining the correlation between a particular phenomenon and the activity observed. In this study, we evaluated the use of biospeckle data for measuring the physiological properties of fresh-cut carrots stored at two temperatures (0 and 10 °C). In conjunction with the biospeckle activity, the moisture content, respiration rate, water activity, and mass loss changes were monitored using traditional analytical methods to evaluate the possible correlation of the biospeckle data with any of these phenomena with or without the use of frequency signatures. The results showed that the manifestation of water in the monitored activity was isolated only by removing these high frequencies, thus allowing the activity manifested in the material to be linked to a specific phenomenon, such as respiration. Therefore, we were able to monitor the respiration process in fresh-cut carrots and assign a spectral signature to their water content and respiration.     

生物有机肥对烤烟生长及相关防御性酶活性的影响

为研究生物有机肥FBOF1和FBOF2在烤烟上的应用效果及对相关防御性酶活性的影响,本研究采用绿色荧光蛋白(Green fluorescence protein,GFP)基因和抗生素对生物有机肥中特定功能微生物进行了标记,通过盆栽试验研究了功能微生物在根围土壤中的定殖情况,施用生物有机肥对烤烟叶面积等生物量指标以及PPO、POD、PAL、LOX酶活性的影响。结果表明,施用生物有机肥能促进烟叶生长,叶面积、株高、鲜质量、干质量等生物量指标增加,30 d时叶面积分别增加26.20%和30.87%,与对照相比达到显著水平,鲜质量增加30.60%和36.72%,干质量分别增加47.93%和23.97%;施用生物有机肥还可改善土壤养分状况,提高土壤中有机质含量,增加碱解氮、速效钾、全磷等养分供应水平;同时研究表明施用生物有机肥后其功能微生物能在根围土壤有效定殖,对有害病原微生物青枯菌具有一定的抑制效果;施用生物有机肥能提高烤烟初期防御性酶活性,增强植株对病原微生物的抵抗能力,施用生物有机肥7 d后,PPO活性分别增加38.1%和35.8%,LOX活性增加19.6%和17.5%,而PAL活性增加24.5%。     

亚油酸甲酯对朱砂叶螨的生物活性研究

研究亚油酸甲酯对朱砂叶螨的生物活性。采用玻片浸渍法和叶片残毒法测定生物活性。亚油酸甲酯具有较强的触杀、产卵抑制和驱避作用,浓度为5 mg/ml时,对朱砂叶螨的雌成螨和卵24h后的校正死亡率分别达到82.82%和78.54%,LC50分别为1.4434mg/ml和2.0283mg/ml;对雌成螨24h后的产卵抑制率和驱避率分别达到78.46%和95.61%。本试验为亚油酸甲酯作为杀螨活性物质的作用机理的探索提供了一定的理论基础。     

芝麻木脂素及其生物活性研究进展

芝麻木脂素具有抗氧化、降血脂、保肝、抗癌、降血压等多种生物活性,在食品和医药领域具有诱人的应用前景。综述了芝麻木脂素的类型、化学结构、提取检测及其生物活性,深入研究芝麻木脂素的活性作用机制,为产品开发利用提供参考。