普通小麦体细胞无性系R2代变异发生特点

小麦Ｒ２代体细胞无性系变异存在４种发生方式，即合株性稳定谱异，全株分离变异，穗系嵌合稳定变异，穗系嵌合分离变异，其中稳定变异相当普遍、红占总变异的１／３。发生阶段较全株性变异于发生较迟的穗系嵌合变异。不同的变异性状有不同折发生方式。株型、穗型、芒型和叶色变异多为分离变异，熟期为稳定变异，株高，腊质等兼有稳定及分离变异，其中某性状是显性突变的结果，多数分离性状的分离均属简单分离，且箐少见到基因突变的     

Experimental Research on the Application of Enviromental Protection Refrigerants in the Large-scale Screw-Refrigerator

On the research of alternative refrigerants, because of their advantageous thermal characters and unparalleled prepondrance of environmental protection, kinds of HCs substance have taken more and more scholars attention. At the base of full demonstration, the HCs is applied on large-scale screw-refrigerator for the first time. The result indicate that, although the autlwrs do not make any better about the system, the energy-efficiency-ratio(EER) of R290 system is equally matched R22 system. So R290 can alternate R22 in the refrigerant system and can works well. If some improvements are maken on the system against the flammability of HCs, then the large-scale refrigerant system with HCs as the refrigerant could march to the markets, and make immense social and economic benefits.     

甜瓜叶片蛋白的提取和双向电泳体系的优化

为建立适合甜瓜(Cucumis melo L.)叶片蛋白质组分析的双向电泳体系(2-D),以甜瓜植物叶片为试验材料,比较了2种不同植物叶片蛋白的提取方法,并对双向电泳的2个重要的环节技术即聚焦参数和上样量进行了优化。结果表明：与Tirs-酚提取法相比,使用改良后的Mg/NP-40/PEG3350/TCA丙酮提取法提取叶片蛋白,经过SDS-PAGEF分析之后,所得的蛋白含量较高,Rubisco酶去除的较好,条带清晰。采用 pH 3~10,18 cm的IPG胶条进行双向电泳时,适当增加低电压聚焦时间,得到了较为清晰的2-D图谱。蛋白上样量为800 μg时,得到的蛋白点数最多,低峰度蛋白较为清晰。研究建立了适用于甜瓜叶片蛋白分析的双向电泳体系,得到了蛋白点数目多且分辨率高的双向电泳图谱。为下一步在蛋白组学水平上分析与甜瓜抗病、产量、性状等相关蛋白提供了技术支持。     

基于系统动力学的土地整理项目效益后评价

[目的]现如今以新增耕地为单一目标的土地整理工作难以再适应综合整治阶段的各项需求。为了进一步完善土地整理项目效益评价理论、内容和方法,以河北省沧州市马厂镇的土地整理项目为研究对象,[方法]应用系统动力学原理,基于Vensim 软件平台构建土地整理项目效益后评价系统动力学模型。[结果]研究表明：历史数据与仿真数据的相对误差控制在5%以内;研究区的粮食产值、人均收入、就业人数、公众满意度等指标在今后的十年内呈现稳步提升的趋势,但生物多样性和景观多样性在相当长一段时间内出现下降趋势。[结论]所构建的系统动力学模型在结构和功能上通过了有效性和稳定性的检验,能够有效预测各效益指标在今后中长期内的发展变化趋势。土地整理项目实施后,其经济效益和社会效益显著,生态环境得到一定的改善,但是不可避免地造成生物多样性和景观多样性下降。     

Numerical Simulation of the Solidification Process Under the Effect of Nature Convection

The process of solidification is numerically simulated with control volume method. The authors study the nature convection in the liquid phase and flow pattern of nature convection during the process of solidification. The result of simulation shows that there are the global flow cells inside the liquid phase, and the local circumfluence exists in the global cells. Especially, the authors analyze transformation of the interface between phases under the effect of free convection on the process of solidification.     

毛尖紫萼藓(Grimmia pilifera)总蛋白质双向电泳体系的建立

为开展毛尖紫萼藓(Grimmia pilifera)的蛋白质组学研究,本研究对毛尖紫萼藓(Grimmia pilifera)总蛋白质提取方法和双向电泳参数进行了筛选和优化,以期建立适合毛尖紫萼藓蛋白质双向电泳的实验体系。分别采用Tris-酚抽提法和TCA-丙酮法对毛尖紫萼藓总蛋白质进行提取,比较分析了两种蛋白质提取方法的效果,并研究了IPG胶条的pH范围及蛋白质电泳上样量等因素对毛尖紫萼藓蛋白质双向电泳结果的影响。结果发现,在SDS-PAGE电泳结果中,与TCA-丙酮法相比,Tris-酚抽提法提取的蛋白质条带清晰,数目较多,完整性较好;在双向电泳结果中发现,与pH值为3~10的IPG胶条相比,使用pH值为4~7的IPG胶条的双向电泳图谱蛋白质点清晰且分布均匀,更适合毛尖紫萼藓的蛋白质组学分析;使用24 cm的pH值为4~7胶条,上样1200μg蛋白质时,电泳结果中可分辨的蛋白质点最多,且形状规则,水平和垂直拖尾情况较轻,图像清晰。本研究基于Tris-酚抽提法建立的毛尖紫萼藓蛋白质双向电泳体系获得的蛋白质样品质量好,电泳分辨率高,为毛尖紫萼藓进一步的蛋白质组学研究提供理论参考。     

叶用莴苣叶片蛋白质双向电泳技术体系的建立

为建立适用于生菜的(Lactuca sative L.)蛋白质组研究的双向电泳技术(2-DE),以叶用莴苣S24为材料, 采用TCA/丙酮沉淀法提取叶片蛋白,比较了两种标准曲线对蛋白浓度测定的影响,同时探讨了蛋白裂解、等电聚焦(IEF)条件以及其他一些关键技术,结果显示：与传统标准曲线相比,采用改良后标准曲线测定的蛋白浓度更准确,得到了背景清晰、重复性好、蛋白点分辨率较高的双向电泳图谱。初步建立了叶用莴苣叶片蛋白质的双向电泳技术(2-DE)体系。     

Fault Detection Techniques for Feeder Automation

Fault detection of the distribution systems is one of the key techniques for feeder automation. At all times, it is still very difficult for the exact detection of single phase to ground fault. First of all, the distinguishing rules of the faulted phase are presented when ground fault occurs in distribution systems. This paper analyzes the fault detection technique for single phase to ground in system with floating neutral point. Based on faulted phase's current, a method realizing ground fault protection is proposed and the algorithm model of action criterion is given out. The simulation results show that the method will be with very good selectivity to ground fault, and it can be used preferably in feeder automation. The detection method for short circuit fault is also introduced simply.     

A preventive control model for static voltage stability considering the power constraints of weak branches

The voltage instability of power system often occurs when the active power on one or more weak branches exceeds its transfer capability. A preventive control model for static voltage stability is proposed using the active power transfer capability of weak branches as static voltage stability constraints. A local line based voltage stability index is used to determine the critical contingencies, weak branches and transfer capability of each weak branch. A static security analysis method, which is based on DC power flow equations, is used to establish the non linear active power flow expressions on weak branches following each critical contingency. The active power constraints on weak branches can be obtained from the active power flow expressions and transfer capabilities of weak branches. A quadratic optimal model for preventive control including the proposed active power constraints on weak branches is presented. The simulation results for IEEEE14 bus system and IEEE118 bus system demonstrate the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed preventive control model.     

SDS-PAGE和PCR检测1B/1R易位系研究初报

采用18个冬小麦品种作为供试材料,分别通过SDS-PAGE检测黑麦Secalin蛋白和PCR检测黑麦1RS染色体或其片段,结果表明:SDS-PAGE检测不出不带有secalin蛋白的1B/1R小片段易位系,而PCR则能检测出,从而提高1B/1R易位系的检出率;SDS-PAGE和PCR结合是检测1B/1R易位系的一种快速经济的有效方法。     

基于全球文献计量的小麦响应气候变暖的研究

基于Web of Science^TM核心合集数据库,利用R语言Bibliometrix包,从高被引论文、来源期刊、高频关键词、高产作者等方面对21世纪以来(2000-2018)发表的有关气候变化对小麦影响的研究文献进行计量分析,并构建了文献共被引、关键词共现、国家共被引、文献历史被引网络图谱以及关键词的聚类分析概念图,进而研究小麦对气候变化响应的最新研究进展、热点及趋势。[结果][结论]从高产国家来看,中国、美国、印度、澳大利亚等国家在该领域发文较多。该领域TOP 10的高产作者中,中国占有四位。该领域论文主要发表在《Agricultural And Forest Meteorology》、《Field Crops Research》和《Climatic Change》期刊。关键词的共现和聚类分析表明,目前气候变暖对小麦的影响研究主要集中在温度变化对小麦生长及其产量的影响、气候变化对小麦影响的模型研究、小麦对气候变化的响应及CO2浓度、温度升高对小麦生长和产量的影响等方面。文献历史被引分析发现,Local Citations(LCS)高的文章均与模型研究有关,说明利用模型来研究气候变化对小麦的影响也是目前的热点及趋势之一。     

DIGITAL SIMULATION OF HIGH VOLTAGE AC/DC PARALLEL SYSTEMS

The method of companion model is applied to the digital simulation of high voltage hybrid AC/DC systems for the first trme in this thesis.The mathematical model of the digital simulation of hybrid AC/DC systems is represented. This method can model the normal states, faults and games of faults of any hybrid AC/DC systems. The method has a series of advantages : saving the computation and the amounts of memory, high precision and fast calculation and it can be used with convenience. The simulation results of a hybrid AC/DC system arc in consistent with that of theoretical analysis. It shows that the mathematical model, the simulation method and the program in this thesis are correct.     

马铃薯块茎花色素苷合成相关R2R3 MYB蛋白基因的克隆和功能 分析

植物花色素苷的合成代谢受转录因子的调控, 其中R2R3 MYB为最主要的转录调控因子。本研究以彩色四倍体马铃薯为试材, 克隆了R2R3 MYB基因家族里调控马铃薯块茎花色素苷合成R2R3 MYB-StAN1的3个同源基因, 并利用生物信息学分析、稳定烟草遗传转化、qPCR等方法对这3个同源基因的结构和功能进行分析和鉴定, 结果表明, 这3个同源基因均含有R2和R3保守结构域, 其主要差别在于C端由10个氨基酸序列组成的重复结构(R)数目不同, 根据R数目将其分别命名为StAN1-R0、StAN1-R1和StAN1-R3, 其蛋白分子量分别为28 047.91、29 458.35和31 527.60 Da, 等电点(pI)分别为6.14、6.90和8.39, 均为亲水蛋白。通过转化烟草发现, 转入StAN1-R0、StAN1-R1和StAN1-R3后, 烟草叶片叶色变化明显, 其中转StAN1-R1烟草叶色呈深红色, 其叶片花色素苷含量最高。进一步利用qPCR分析表明, 外源StAN1使烟草叶片花色素苷合成代谢途径的关键基因(NtCHS、NtCHI、NtF3H、NtF3’H、NtDFR、NtANS、NtUFGT)上调表达, 同时烟草内源NtbHLH基因的表达显著上升; StAN1-R1可以高效地调控烟草内源NtbHLH基因和结构基因NtDFR和NtANS的表达。结果表明, StAN1的3个同源蛋白均可以调控花色素苷的合成, 而只含一个重复序列R的StAN1调控花色素苷合成的能力最强。     

基于R语言的“3414”肥效试验的统计分析

为了介绍R语言在农业试验分析中的应用,使用R语言对“3414”肥料效应试验具体实例的部分实施方案和完全实施方案结果进行统计分析,拟合了二元二次、三元二次肥料效应方程,并根据肥效方程模拟寻优。使用R语言对“3414”肥料效应试验分析结果表明：通过三元二次肥料效应函数获得的玉米最佳施肥指标为：以每公顷施N 275.26 kg,P2O5 86.62 kg,K2O 45.32 kg,期望产量为10764.13 kg/hm2,产投比达到9.73,为最佳方案。这与使用全国农技中心提供的“3414田间试验设计与数据分析管理系统”进行计算是一致的;如考虑到田间的可操作性,建议每公顷施N 262.28~287.09 kg,P2O5 82.82~90.85 kg,K2O 43.87~47.29 kg,期望产量为10274.40~10333.87 kg。这样一个施肥量范围在实际生产中更为可行。R语言可以并应该在国内推广,成为农业试验统计分析领域的强有力工具。     

A rapid chromatographic method for determining the glucosinolate content in crambe seed

Crambe abyssinica is becoming a reliable source of industrial oil with good technical characteristics because of its high erucic acid content. The possibility of using the industrial defatted meal of crambe as a feed could further promote the interest in this crop, but is prevented by the high glucosinolate content (70‐150 μmol/g). Therefore the possibility of reducing this parameter by selection was evaluated and a search for a new quick analytical procedure begun. When hydrolysed by myrosinase (thioglucoside glucohydrolase EC 3.2.3.1.), at pH 6.5 or higher, epiprogoitrin, the main glucosinolate in crambe seed (>90% of total glucosinolates), gives (5R)‐5‐vinyl‐1,3‐oxazolidine‐2‐thione quantitatively. The latter can be easily estimated by high‐performance liquid chromatography. This is the background of the proposed analytical procedure that permits rapid analysis of about 100 samples per day using about 25 mg of crambe meal (five seeds) for assay. The method can also be used to select for glucosinolate content in rapeseed and, probably with some adjustment, all crops that have a 2‐hydroxy‐glucosinolate as the main glucosinolate.     

冷鲜五花肉中假单胞菌预测模型的建立与验证

为了建立冷鲜五花肉中假单胞菌的生长预测模型,采用选择性培养基CFC琼脂对假单胞菌进行平板计数。利用Gompertz模型拟合0℃、5℃、10℃、15℃和20℃下冷鲜五花肉中假单胞菌的生长曲线,得到假单胞菌生长预测一级模型;生长预测二级模型以平方根模型、Arrhenius模型拟合一级模型中所得动力学参数。结果表明：一级模型中回归系数R2>0.99,准确因子(Af)、偏差因子(Bf)都接近1.0,延滞期(LPD)1.6996~0.1212,最大比生长速率(U)0.5782~3.3751。二级模型中平方根模型对延滞期和最大比生长速率回归系数R2为0.9825和0.934均略高于Arrhenius模型。可用平方根预测0~20℃范围内假单胞菌的变化情况,为冷鲜五花肉中腐败微生物的预测研究提供基础。     

Simulation on Removal COD,Nitrogen and Phosphorus From Wastewater Using Spiral Up-Flow Reactor System

Currently,the activated sludge models in which the ASM of IWA(International Water Association) have been widely used in the design rebuild and operation of the waste water treatment plant and the development of new technic. By analyzed the composition of water and modified the paramters of ASM2, we use ASM2 to simulate the removing of COD nitrogen and phospherus in the sprial up-flow reacto(SUFR) system. The result indicates that the simulation value tally the fact on the whole. It shows that the ASM2 can primely reflect the change of COD nitrogen and phospherus in SUFR system. When the operational paramters have been changed, the model will be an effective forecast platform.     

Modeling and control system simulation of automobile DCT

In order to reduce development time and cost of dual clutch automated mechanical transmission(DCT) control system,the dynamic model of automobile DCT control system is established by Matlab/SimDriveLine and the engine model is improved by neural network.Based on Matlab/Simulink,the simulation models of DCT control during starting phase,shift phase and shift rule are set up,and then the whole system of DCT is simulated.The simulation result indicates that the DCT system dynamic model and the designed controller are reasonable and feasible,and proofs that the model is suitable for developing DCT control system and improves the design efficiency of DCT system.     

Synthesis of planar 2T1R non overconstrained parallel mechanisms

Based upon screw theory and set theory, and according to the constraint system between mobile platforms and limbs, the structural conditions of non overconstrained planar 2T1R parallel mechanisms are proposed. Six types of limb constraint patterns are fou     

基于R语言的冬小麦品种稳定性分析

旨在确定适宜的品种稳定性分析参数及其计算方法。利用冬小麦区域试验数据,通过R语言计算了14个稳定性参数,并采用秩相关和主成分分析,研究了参数的功效和相关性。结果表明,R语言可以方便、灵活的计算各类参数;相关分析表明,PCOA和产量极显著正相关,CV和Bi极显著正相关,Sigma.square和Si、Si2、Si3、ASV极显著正相关,ASV和Si6极显著正相关;主成分分析表明,14个稳定性参数可以分为3组,组1包含Bi,与多数参数负相关,与产量相关性不显著,组2包含YIELD、Pi、YSI、CV和PCOA,与产量显著正相关,组3包含Sigma.square、S.square、ASV、Si、Si2、Si3、Wi、Si6,与产量相关性不显著。研究表明,ASV和Si与其他参数间的相关性较好,PCOA模型能够同时评价品种产量及其稳定性,三者是单变量参数模型的有益补充。