河口地区橡胶树六点始叶螨发生规律初步观察

报道了河口地区2005年对橡胶树六点始叶螨消长规律的观察结果:橡胶树六点始叶螨在5月份前后开始发生,6月份虫口迅速增加,7月份达全年虫口高峰期,8月份后虫口锐减,至10月份又上升形成一个高峰。同时提出防治指标为叶平均螨口1头或虫卵比≥1时进行防治,每年6月初是防治的关键时期。     

球孢白僵菌防治杨树食叶害虫试验初探

杨小舟蛾是洞庭湖区近年主要杨树食叶害虫,1年发生7代,在5、6月份杨小舟蛾1、2代的1～2龄时施放白僵菌进行防治,施药4 d后虫体出现病理反应,5 d后开始死亡,7 d出现死亡高峰,10 d因药死亡率为55.4%.通过死亡虫体白僵菌孢子的自然散发或幼虫取食感染,对以后世代虫口基数有明显的抑制效果.     

基于“互联网+航空施药”模式防治松褐天牛初步研究

为探索航空施药防治松褐天牛Monochamus alternatus Hope的有效手段,切实提高防控成效,运用航空植保精准变量施药控制系统、作业监管与面积计量系统,对试验区内松褐天牛空中喷施噻虫啉防治。结果表明:利用诱捕器诱集法评价,3次施药后对松褐天牛的防治效果达90. 90%;利用林间饲养笼调查法评价,飞防24 h后对松褐天牛的灭杀效果达90%。     

不同生物制剂对油橄榄叶部病害防治试验

油橄榄叶部病害的发病高峰期在4～6月份。试验用春雷霉素、嘧啶核苷类抗菌素、异菌脲、多粘类芽孢杆菌4种生物制剂相应浓度梯度的药液对其进行防治。结果表明：单次施药10 d后多粘类芽孢杆菌2 000～3 000倍液防治效果达到67.21%,异菌脲1 500倍液防治效果为59.02%,防治效果均超过50%,可作为速效药剂施用;2次施药10 d后异菌脲1 000倍液、多粘类芽孢杆菌2 000倍液防治效果达到71.95%,说明这2种生物制剂可以多次施用达到长期防治目的。     

天台县发现湿地松松苗梢腐病

天台县今年所育湿地松苗自6月份以后发生梢腐病为害,发病率达30％。该病是松苗的一种重要病害,严重影响苗木的产量与质量。此病在我省尚未见报道,现将该病害的症状、发病规律和药剂防治措施报道如     

应用病毒复合微生物杀虫剂防治美国白蛾试验

应用病毒复合微生物杀虫剂进行防治美国白蛾幼虫药效试验,筛选出了防治不同虫龄的最佳体积浓度和最佳施药时间.幼虫1～2龄为1∶800倍液,3～4龄为1∶400倍液,5龄为1∶200倍液;最佳施药时间宜在晴天的8时以前和16时以后或阴天的全天,杀虫效果均在95%以上,既可节约防治费用,又能达到防治效果.     

豫南地区杨树舟蛾类害虫飞机喷药防治试验

利用飞机喷洒25%阿维·灭幼脲3号悬浮剂,对添加不同比例高效氯氰菊酯和不同施药时期的防治效果进行研究,试验发现每架次添加1.5 kg 5%高效氯氰菊酯油剂(两种药剂的质量比为24∶1.5),能快速有效防治杨树舟蛾类害虫。6月中下旬豫南地区杨树舟蛾类害虫为二代2～3龄幼虫期,是施药防治该类害虫的最佳时期。     

新型专利技术在园林害虫防治上的应用

2001～2002年应用自流式树干注药器及配套药剂对国槐和垂柳害虫进行防治试验。该药剂对各参试害虫均有明显防效,该施药方法对参试树体无明显影响。试验证明该项害虫防治新技术在园林上应用具有环保、高效、杀虫范围广等优点,值得大力推广应用。     

红豆树萌芽及实生苗生长发育规律

对红豆树种子发芽与苗木生长情况进行调查分析,结果表明,机械破皮的种子发芽持续时间约15 d,发芽高峰期持续时间约7 d,种子发芽时间较一致,4月中旬发芽基本结束;温水促进处理的发芽持续时间约45 d,发芽高峰期持续时间也是7 d左右,但温水发芽促进处理的种子萌发时间可持续至6月底,7月份以后未发芽的种子留土不再萌发,留土种子占播种粒数的5.1%.5～6月份是初生幼苗的营养供给从子叶转至自体供给的过渡期,也是保证成苗率的关键期;地径、苗高生长主要集中在8～10月,3个月生长量之和占总生长量的50%左右;生物量的生长主要集中在9～11月,3个月生长量之和占总生长量的73.3%.地径生长率于9月份达至最大值,较苗高生长率高峰期出现时间早;苗高生长率峰值出现在10月;生物量生长率峰值出现时间最迟,在11月份.红豆树地径和苗高的生长率在时间上不同步.     

太谷桃仁小蜂田间防治试验及农药残留量测定

用8%绿色威雷、5%阿维菌素、2.5%农铁杆乳油和10%吡虫啉防治太谷桃仁小蜂试验表明,绿色威雷和吡虫啉具有较好的防治效果,其落果减退率分别达100%和96.12%。在青梅座果后于3月底施第1次药,以后每隔7 d施药1次,共3次,防治效果好。经检测,施药40 d后,青梅果中未检出农药残留。     

金丝小枣浆烂病发病规律研究

通过多年大量室内和田间试验与调查,研究了金丝小枣浆烂病病原菌仁果囊孢壳菌Physalospora obtuse对金丝小枣各器官和枣果的侵染、孢子萌发、越冬寄主、子实体形成规律和侵染率与降水量关系.结果表明,病原菌于6月上旬侵染枣吊、果柄,7月上旬开始侵染枣果,8月下旬为侵染高峰期,9月中旬为田间发病高峰期,前期侵染呈潜伏侵染状态.金丝小枣树皮、枣头、枣股及落果、落叶、落吊均为病原菌越冬场所,其中以落果为主.枣园周围杨树、榆树、刺槐、苹果、梨树、桃树亦为病原菌越冬寄主并传播病原菌造成危害.病原菌在越冬病枣果上可形成有性和无性繁殖体;当年病枣果形成分生孢子发生再侵染.8月中旬、下旬雨量大,是造成金丝小枣浆烂病大发生的关键因子.     

鹿蹄草素对采后苹果轮纹病菌的抑制作用

苹果轮纹病菌(Physalospora piricola)是黄河故道地区苹果(Malus sp.)树主要病害之一。近年来,该病的发生与危害日趋严重,给苹果生产造成了很大的损失,严重影响了苹果的质量和产量。苹果轮纹菌不仅侵染田间生长的苹果,由于其潜伏侵染特     

First report of branch blight disease caused by Aplosporella longipes on Physocarpus amurensis in China

From June through October 2020, symptoms of a branch blight disease were observed on Physocarpus amurensis plants in Harbin City, Heilongjiang Province, China. Leaves on infected branches were chlorotic, with many raised, grey spots forming on the epidermis of diseased branches. Diseased twigs formed semi-buried, small, spherical pycnidia, which were initially light brown and later turned dark. The pathogen was isolated and its pathogenicity was verified with Koch's postulates. Based on morphological characteristics and DNA sequence data the pathogen was identified as Aplosporella longipes. This is the first report of A. longipes in China and the first report of it causing branch blight disease of P. amurensis.     

Development of fruiting bodies of large tree type of Gremmeniella abietina var. abietina and timing of infection on Scots pine inn northern Finland

The formation and maturing of the large tree type Gremmeniella abietina var. abietina fruiting bodies and their sporulation were investigated for 3 years on Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) in northern Finland. This was done by monthly assessment of shoots in the field and in the laboratory. Infection caused by G. abietina var. abietina was dated on Scots pine by monthly covering with pollination bags and exposing branches during the growing season. Pycnidia appeared between August and September, 1 year after infection, and they started to release conidia between late June and early July, 2 years after infection. Fresh pycnidia and microconidia were formed during the following August and September in the infected shoots. The causal large tree type of G. abietina var. abietina did not produce apothecia on branches within 3 years of infection. Monthly covering and exposing branches showed that infection took place mainly between June and July.     

Survival and vitality of Gremmeniella abietina on Pinus sylvestris slash in northern Sweden

Survival and vitality of Gremmeniella abietina on Pinus sylvestris slash was studied in northern Sweden during 2003 and 2004. Once a month between September 2003 and April 2004, two to three trees were cut down and debranched. Shoots with pycnidia were sampled at the felling date and then at every consecutive month. The percentage of germinated conidia from each shoot was calculated after 24, 48 and 72 h incubation. The vitality of G. abietina pycnidia in the slash remained high the whole period. Intact pycnidia were found on slash several months after the time of conidial sporulation, which indicates that new pycnidia may be produced on dead pine branches. Sampling of shoots from slash on 13‐ to 18‐month‐old clear‐cuts showed conidial germination capacity as high as in pycnidia collected in fresh slash. Due to survival of G. abietina in slash it is recommended to postpone planting of P. sylvestris seedlings in northern boreal areas to the third vegetation period after sanitary clear‐cuts.     

Interactions between Melamspora larici‐epitea pathotypes and the mycoparasite Sphaerellopsis filum from willow rusts

Five pathotypes of the willow rust Melamspora larici‐epitea were inoculated with 12 isolates of Sphaerellopsis filum derived from Melampsora species/forms occurring on willows. On average, 20.5% uredinial pustules produced S. filum pycnidia and rust spore production was reduced by 38.4% on leaf discs inoculated with S. filum. Some rust isolates were more readily infected by S. filum than others while some S. filum isolates caused higher levels of infections than other S. filum isolates. In general, the suppressive effects of these S. filum isolates on rust spore production were similar on the majority of rust pathotypes tested. There appeared to be a positive link between the rust pustule area and the rate of infection by S. filum. Sphaerellopsis filum inoculum densities were positively correlated with the reduction in rust spore production but not with the number of rust pustules. Implications from the results were discussed in relation to the deployment of S. filum in biological control of willow rust in willow mixture plantations which harbour more diverse rust pathotypes compared with monocultures.     

浙江竹秆锈病的观察研究

竹秆锈病(Stereostratum corticioides (Berk et Br.)Magnus)又称竹褥病。七十年代以来,江、浙一带的竹秆锈病有所蔓延,病情逐渐加剧,许多地方的竹林已到毁灭的地步。对该病进一步深入研究,寻求彻底的防治措施十分必要。据定点多年观察,该病多发生在竹秆的下部或基部,严重的蔓延至竹秆的上部或枝条上,甚至发生在竹丛枝病的枝条和地面的跳鞭上。病害的冬孢子堆、夏孢子堆、黄斑三个时期较为分明,以往人们对黄斑这个症状往往忽视。竹秆上病斑多时,将诱发其它竹子秆基病害或全株死亡。经接种试验证明,病菌的冬孢子一担孢子不侵染竹秆和竹笋。夏孢子在5～6月产生释放,从伤口侵染当年新竹及老竹。据普查,该病已广泛分布浙江竹区,计已有1市9县24处竹林发生,寄生竹种达16种以上。它对竹林生长和出笋已带来较大的损失,已成为我省竹子上的常见病、多发病、慢性病、顽固病。笋用竹基地及产笋专业户必须对防治加以高度的重视。     

Infection approach of Diplodia sapinea,the causal agent of tip blight of Pinus tabulaeformis in China

To clarify the infection approach of Diplodia sapinea, a pathogen that causes tip blight of Pinus tabulaeformis, the infection process of the pathogen in needles was observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In addition, the disease incidence on branches damaged by Aphrophora flavipes (Hemiptera: Cercopidae) and Dioryctria splendidella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in the forest was also investigated. Then, branches and needles of P. tabulaeformis were inoculated using the D. sapinea spore suspension under indoor and field conditions. The results showed that the damage caused by A. flavipes could aggravate the occurrence of tip blight of P. tabulaeformis to some extent. Moreover, the pathogen could also penetrate 1‐, 2‐ and 3‐year‐old pine needles through stomata in the field. The pathogen infected the 1‐year‐old branches first and then gradually spread to 2‐ and 3‐year‐old branches.     

用螺旋毛壳(Chaetomium spirale) ND35菌防治果树腐烂病的试验研究

报道了在离体和田间条件下螺旋毛壳(C. spirale) ND35菌株对苹果树腐烂病的初步抑菌试验结果.PDA平板对峙培养的结果显示在毛壳ND35和苹果树腐烂病菌的两菌落间出现明显的抑菌带;毛壳ND35培养液粗提液比麦芽浸膏培养液的粗提液有更强的抑制病菌菌丝生长的作用.温室和田间生防试验表明用接种毛壳ND35的处理,其苹果树腐烂病发病率明显低于其它处理,包括直接种苹果树腐烂病菌和烫伤处理,及健康对照.再分离试验表明毛壳ND35可成功地在苹果树枝干部位定殖,而且固体麦麸菌剂的定殖率高于玉米粉液体菌剂的定殖率.但是玉米粉液体菌剂在田间的生防效率较好.