Feasibility for Building the Under-ground Sewage Treatment Plant in Chongqing City

With the development of the economy, the demand forhabitation is enhanced and the sewage and industrial waster water must be disposed before outlet. Today, most of the sewage treatment plants are built on the aboveground without discussing the underground. Therefore, by the comparative analysis of the property and cost of the underground sewage treatment plant and the ground, the underground sewage treatment plant have merits in save the city land and improvement environment.The Chongqing citypossess a lot of advantages in using the space of underground with the analysis of the physiognomy and geology condition of the Chongqing city. Therefore, the development of underground sewage treatment plant is feasible in the Chongqing city.     

Research and Experiment on Mixed Liquor of Orbal Oxidation Ditch

This experiment is one of the improved types of Orbal oxidation ditch technologies belonging to the sewage treatment engineering project to be carried out at the small town in western China supported by the Holland Grant Project.The survey for similar Orbal oxidation ditch was performed on-the-spot for safety of engineering design.The experiment individually focused on the velocity distribution of concentration ellipse shape represented in oxidation ditches existed in sewage treatment plants,and confirmed the rationality of aeration and the submersed flow driver power designed.The result shows: Firstly,for such oxidation ditch,it is easy to cause sediment resulted from complex waterpower of crook,and affect blend condition.Secondly,the sediment is prevalent,especially in some places.Finally,the design power of aeration and submersed flow driver are insufficient.     

Supplying the City of Shenzhen, P. R. China with Water of Differing Quality

The pattern of supplying water of differing quality using sewage recycling,and its implementation as a strategy,are discussed through an analysis of the water shortage situation in the city of Shenzhen,P.R.China. Supplying Shenzhen with water of varying quality is proposed as a concept.The necessity and feasibility of such a water supply pattern are expounded.The pattern of water supply in Shenzhen city consists of a main water supply system and non-potable water supply system with sewage recycling.In addition,the proposal also includes using seawater and rainwater.The non-potable water supply system with sewage recycling would be used primarily in large industrial parks outside the special economic zone and in other areas around the parks.Supplying Shenzhen with water of differing qualities embodies the concepts of sewage reused as a resource and of the recycling economy.This proposal also satisfies the requirement for urban sustainable development.     

云南省嵩明县污水处理厂对污染物处理效果的分析

为了更好地评价云南省嵩明县污水处理厂运行效果,对该污水处理厂运行1年来进出口水质、污泥处置等情况进行调查分析。结果表明,该污水处理厂对废水BOD、CODcr、SS、TP、NH4-N的平均去除率分别为81.45%、78.78%、86.08%、41.37%、84.03%。该污水处理厂污泥处理符合环保及农用要求,对环境没有造成污染;恶臭等问题也得到了有效的控制。试验及调查结果对污水处理厂的设计及其后期运行具有重要的指导意义和实用价值。     

Water Environment Carrying Capacity of New Zhengdong District in Zhengzhou City

Taking sections of the Dongfeng Canal, the Xionger River and the Wei River in New Zhengdong District for example, this paper applied water environment capacity to analyze the carrying capacity of surface water environment in the east development zone of the city. The analysis shows that carrying capacity of surface water environment in the study area is not good, carrying capacity of 3 studied waters for TP, BOD_5 and COD is approaching to the limit. New Zhengdong District, in terms of industrial structure, should promote the projects with less water consumption, less or no discharge of wastewater, and also should enhance the sewage treatment, improve recycling rate of the reclaimed water, and reduce the negative impact of sewage and pollutant discharge on environment.     

农村生活污水分散式处理研究现状及技术探讨

分散式污水处理研究已经成为一种新的理念,其具有投资少、简单实用、管理方便、效率高、运行成本低等诸多优点,适合于中国农村生活污水处理。污水处理工艺技术的选择直接关系到污水处理效果及当地的环境卫生。本文综述了国内外农村分散式生活污水处理研究现状,对人工湿地、稳定塘、生物滤池、生态浮岛、厌氧生物处理工艺等主要分散式污水处理技术进行了探讨,并对常用的几种分散式污水处理技术进行了分类和比较。本文认为分散式生活污水处理组合工艺具有更强的适用性和应用性,是解决分散式生活污水处理难题的重要途径。     

升流式厌氧生物滤池与温室型人工湿地组合对农村生活污水处理的研究

针对中国农村分布分散、资金短缺,缺乏污水处理专业人员,而农村污水处理又是亟待解决的环境问题这一现状,笔者研究升流式厌氧生物滤池（UAF）与温室型人工湿地组合工艺低气温下处理农村生活污水的运行特点及效果。结果表明：UAF的最佳水力停留时间（HRT）为12 h,容积负荷0.632~0.936 kg/(m3?d),COD的平均去除率为56%,室外气温在-5~10℃（冬春）,温室型人工湿地的最佳HRT为3天,组合工艺COD总去除率平均为75%,BOD5总去除率平均达到84%,SS总去除率平均不低于93%,氨氮总去除率平均为63%,TP总去除率平均为46%,出水水质除TP外均满足GB 18918-2002《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》1级B标准。该工艺具有低能耗、低投资、低运行费用、运行维护简单等优点,适合作为农村生活污水的处理工艺推广使用。     

Investigate to Water Resource and the Dispatch to Water Capacity in LIJIANG

The tremendous seasonal variation of rainfall and the relative little dispose capacity of sewage are the main reason of the lack of water quantity and the contaminate of water quality in low water season in LIJIANG. Adjusting water quantity is an important measure to resolve the problem. So, the author does an investigation on water resource of LIJIANG, calculates upper-water supply and requires equation. As a result, in the condition of no water adjust, and if in the extraordinary year of the lack of water quantity, the water flow will fade in 2010, and the demand of water quantity of 30 m~3/s in the season of the lack of water will not be satisfied. Based on the actuality of water resource, the thesis introduces the project of mending water reservoir to LIJIANG,analyzes its feasibility in the respect of technique and financial condition,brings forward major problem of the project. The result proves the benefit of the project in the field of environment,economy society is very prominent, and the project is an engineering to realize water resource of LIJIANG reasonable utilize; for the reason to guarantee this project to bring into play its function,it is time to carry out integrate management to water resource and water environment in LIJIANG valley.     

液哨超声波增氧后水中溶氧量变化的试验研究

为了研究低溶解氧含量的水体经过液哨超声波增氧装置之后，溶解氧含量的增加量及其随时间的变化趋势，本研究进行了增氧后试验水的静置试验，并监测了水体中溶解氧含量随时间变化趋势。研究共设置了6组实验，2个变量，即添加簧片与否以及流量变化。结果表明：该装置添加簧片组增氧后试验水中的溶解氧含量在2 h内还会继续增加，2 h达到最大值；2 h后，水中溶氧量会急剧下降；6 h后，溶氧量下降速率变缓；到20 h的时候，试验水溶氧量趋于稳定状态，达到7.4mg/L左右。而未添加簧片的对照组同样在2 h达到一个峰值，2~3 h的时候，溶氧量会有小幅度下降，之后溶氧量会继续增加，最后在20 h的时候，溶氧量趋于平衡状态，达到7.15 mg/L左右。实验展示了液哨超声波装置增氧后水中含氧量的变化趋势，并得出了一套科学的、合理的水体溶解氧变化的系列特征曲线，对该装置应用于水产养殖、污水处理以及增氧灌溉领域，提供了重要的理论验证和研究价值。     

东平湖水环境研究进展与展望

为系统了解东平湖水环境以及富营养化问题,并更好地治理和预防,通过实地调查和查阅文献的方法着重对东平湖水环境历史变迁、水质污染现状和富营养化状态、污染物来源等热点问题的研究进展进行了回顾。总结出历史时期东平湖水环境变迁主要受黄河影响,直到20世纪60年代之后才主要受人类活动影响。随大汶河而来的大量工业和生活污水等外源污染与沉积物再悬浮以及菹草死亡降解等内源污染共同作用下,使得现在的东平湖已发展为中富-富营养化湖泊。最后基于东平湖水环境和治理现状以及南水北调东线工程计划就东平湖水环境发展做出了展望。     

建筑外环境园林植物种植设计研究——以延安市区为例

建筑外环境园林植物种植是改善城市建设和生态环境的重要举措。从提升城市生态品味的角度,探索建筑外环境园林植物的种植,对同类型城市建设有一定的借鉴意义。文章以延安市建筑外环境园林植物种植为例,在对延安市建筑外环境园林植物种植的现状和存在的问题调研的基础上,提出适合延安市建筑外环境园林植物种植的思路和对策。     

Analysis of the Effect to the Water Quality of Xiao River for Kaixian County Sewage Discharge After the Sluice of the Three Gorges Reservoir

Once the water level of the reservoir of the Three Gorges rises above 175 m, Yangtz River in Kaixian County will be changed into a lake-like reservoir which will be rare in the Three Gorges areas, and water pollution would be seriously deteriorated. In order to testify whether water quality meets the requirements of the function divisions, two-dimension water dynamics quality model and homogeneous-mixed water quality model are used to simulate polluted water disposal of Kaixian County before and after sewage purification. The analysis indicates that sewage disposal without any pretreatment will cause serious and continuous pollution; while sewage disposal after purificaiton up to standard, there are two kinds of results: in abundant and normal period , the water quality improves obviously, the water quality can meet the function of river area, but in dry seasons, the water quality improvement is not so effective, and still exceeds the control standard of the water function. To guarantee water quality of Xiaojiang River, it is proposed that, first, sewage treatment plant should run normally and continuously; second, other measures must be added to control sewage discharges in dry season.     

4种分离机械对规模化猪场污水处理效果研究

用4种分离机械对规模化猪场污水前处理降污效果进行试验,结果表明,板框压滤机易被猪场污水粗杂物堵塞,运行不稳定。离心机,斜板筛挤压机和振动筛挤压机都有显著降污效果;其中振动筛挤压机更适合规模化猪场使用,处理能力达15m3/h,对TS、CODcr和BOD5去除率分别达62.6%、61.2%和57.5%。分离出的粪渣含水率为53.2%;对万头猪场应用振动筛挤压机前处理,设备及工程相关投资约5.3万元,收集的粪渣出售收入,扣除运行成本,年可增收利税4.9万元,投资回报率达92.5%,1年多可收回投资,经济效益显著。     

北京市水资源生态安全与农业安全状态评价

水资源安全与农业安全密切相关。北京市是一个水资源严重匮乏的城市,受水资源约束,农业规模不断缩小,却又突显了农业安全问题。运用“压力—状态—响应”模型,对北京市水资源生态安全和农业安全进行双重评价,结果表明：近十年来北京农业安全水平不断下降,水资源的生态安全水平则呈波动上升趋势；农业安全的压力和状态呈下降趋势,但农业安全的响应水平却稳中有升；水资源生态安全的压力与状态呈现同步波动起伏,而水资源生态安全的响应能力却总体上升。为提高北京市水资源的生态安全水平和农业安全水平,除严格控制人口增长和用水总量外,还要开源节流,加大对雨水的收集利用和污水处理再利用；落实严格的耕地保护制度；减少化肥、农药对水资源造成污染；加大对农业的投入,提高农业的综合生产能力；大力发展高效节水农业、生态农业和循环农业。     

砂地柏的生物生态学及其开发利用

砂地柏是中国西北干旱沙区的一种重要灌木,对该区生态环境保护具有重要作用。该植物也是中国北方城市的一种重要园林绿化树种。近年来,中国还发现该植物是一种优秀的杀虫植物,并对其杀虫作用进行了较为系统的研究。对砂地柏生境与分布、生长繁殖特点、抗旱机理等生物生态学特性及栽培造林技术进行了较为系统的综述,总结、回顾了中国利用砂地柏进行沙漠治理、园林建设和植物源农药开发方面的进展和成就,并重点探讨、分析了开发砂地柏农药中的植物资源与生态问题。在此基础上,参照国内外开发植物资源和发展“沙产业”的理论成果与实践经验,提出可持续综合开发利用该植物的设想和展望。     

再生水中重金属元素聚类分析和主成分分析

采用ICP-AES法测定了某再生水中Cr、Mn、Pb、Ni、Hg、Fe、Cu、Cd、Zn、As等10种重金属元素的含量,应用聚类和主成分分析法对测定结果进行了研究。聚类分析将此10种重金属元素分为四类。主成分分析选出污水原水水质、CASS池运行的稳定性、泥水分离和陶滤效果三个影响再生水水质的主因子,其中以污水原水水质对再生水水质的影响最大。因此,利用ICP-AES法测定此再生水重金属元素含量并对测定结果进行聚类和主成分分析能够对目标污水厂的水质指标监测、运行控制提供一定的指导。     

Urban Design Strategy Research Based on the Concept of Sponge City: A Case Study of Renbei District in Chengdu

Cities are currently confronted with many urban problems, such as water shortages, water quality pollution, floods, and the loss of habitats of aquatic organisms, and badly in need of a more comprehensive solution. In this context, the concept of "sponge city" is proposed. This paper, based on the theory of sponge city and low impact development, elaborated the origin, development, connotation, and construction method of "sponge city" concept. In this paper, the urban design scheme of Renbei District in Chengdu was taken for example to analyze the geographical environment and climate characteristics of Chengdu and explain the formation and verification of the scheme. It is considered that the "sponge city" is different from the traditional urban infrastructure. It is essentially an ecological approach. Its core is to build a cross-scale urban water ecological infrastructure to comprehensively solve the prominent water-related problems of urban and rural areas in China.     

北京市平谷区“生态桥”治理工程废弃物资源化利用和运行模式研究

“生态桥”治理工程是北京平谷区针对桃树枝废弃物资源化利用而提出一套废弃物资源化利用和乡村治理的模式,对于破解乡村环境治理困境具有重要意义。本研究分析了“生态桥”治理工程废弃物资源化利用和运行模式特征。结果表明：“生态桥”治理工程通过堆制有机肥、食用菌栽培、制作栽培基质和地表覆盖物等资源化利用方式,打造桃树枝废弃物良性生态循环模式。在运行模式上,“生态桥”治理工程建立投融资平台,统筹资金使用与投入方式,建立起财政资金有效使用和管理办法,激发企业投入农村环境治理的动力,保障农民全员参与的机制。通过“生态桥”工程设施,吸引社会资本进入乡村环境治理领域,有效改善环境质量,推动乡村生态环境建设投融资机制改革,提高了乡村生态环境综合治理水平,是一种有效的乡村环境治理模式。     

Research on the System and Models of Society-Economy-Environment Appraisal for Construction Project

The society-economy-environment appraisal for construction project can help our government to control macro-economy, make correlation policy and formulate laws and draw up city plan.It has great influence on the sustainable development of our society and it is the demand of the law for the environment evaluation in China.This paper introduced the basic structure of society-economy-environment appraisal system for construction project and the thought of elements transaction.Using the method of AHP, the model of project analyzing and optimizing selection is designed.For the more, the methods of the optimizing models on the selected schemes are put forward.Finally, the integrative analysis has been made on the system design and appliance of this appraisal system.     

水稻根际含氧量对根系生长的影响

以多个水稻品种为材料, 采用营养液培养试验, 通过气泵增加水稻根际的含氧量, 研究水稻根际含氧量与根系生长的关系。结果表明, 在水稻生长过程中, 抽穗期根系吸收氧气的能力最强, 需氧量最大。根际含氧量对水稻根系形态与分布有影响, 增氧显著增加根长, 提高根系自根基到根尖10~20 cm、＞20 cm部分所占的生物量比例, 同时减少根数; 而在缺氧环境下生长的水稻根数增多, 根长缩短。氧溶量对水稻根系活力的影响存在品种间差异, 提高水稻根际的氧溶量, 杂交稻汕优63和国稻1号齐穗期根系的活跃吸收面积和根系活力显著增加; 根系活力较高的常规籼稻湘早籼11和甬粳18在充氧处理中的根系活力也明显提高, 但根际氧含量的增加对根系活力较低的水稻品种湘早籼24和春江06的根系活力并无明显作用; 缺氧环境下生长的水稻根系的活力降低。