鸡T淋巴细胞IL—2的体外诱生及活性检测

经Ｌ１６正交试验选择，并经实验验证，鸡脾脏Ｔ淋巴细胞白细胞介素２（ＩＬ－２）体外诱生和活性检测的最优水平组合及适宜条件的２．５μｇ／ｍＬ伴刀豆蛋白Ａ，ＩＬ－２体外诱生时间２０ｈ，１×１０＾７／ｍＬ淋巴细胞、１０％小牛血清、靶细胞培养时间４８ｈ，４×１０＾６／ｍＬ靶细胞，靶细胞接触时间３６ｈ，５ｍｇ／ｍＬＭＴＴ，ＭＴＴ加入时间３ｈ和甲替溶解时间２ｈ；胸腺Ｔ淋巴细胞ＩＬ－２体外诱生和活性检测的最优水平     

MD疫苗免疫雏鸡攻击vMDV后IL—2及IL—2R的变化

接种马立克氏病三价疫苗的雏鸡，用马立克氏病强毒攻击，免疫保护指数为７３．３％，脾脏和胸腺Ｔ淋巴细胞ＩＬ－２诱生活性比ｖＭＤＶ感洒雏鸡显著升高，ＩＬ－２Ｒ诱导表达显著增加；接种火鸡疱疹病毒疫苗的雏鸡，用ＶＭＤＶ攻击，免疫保护指数为５６．７％，脾脏和胸腺Ｔ淋巴细胞ＩＬ－２诱生活性比ＶＭＤＶ感染雏鸡显著升高，ＩＬ－２Ｒ诱导表达显著增加。     

雏鸡人工感染马立克氏病强毒后白细胞介素2及其受体的变化

１日龄雏鸡人工感染马立克氏病强毒后，脾脏Ｔ淋巴细胞白细胞介素２诱生活性比健康对照雏鸡显著降低，胸腺Ｔ淋巴细胞ＩＬ－２诱生活性虽见降低但无统计学显著性差异。脾脏和胸腺Ｔ淋巴细胞白细胞介素２受体诱导表达显著减少。     

鸡马立克氏病免疫抑制机理的研究

用马立克氏病强毒感染１日龄健康ＡＡ雏鸡，在感染后５、２５、４５日检测其胸腺、脾脏Ｔ细胞白细胞介素２（ＩＬ－２）诱生活性、ＩＬ－２受体（ＩＬ－２Ｒ）表达及Ｔ细胞增殖功能，胸腺、法氏囊、脾脏、盲肠、扁桃体、肺支气管粘膜淋织及哈德尔腺中ａ－萘酚酯酶阳性Ｔ细胞、酸性磷酸酶阳性Ｔ细胞、抗性成细胞数量，外周血液中Ｔ细胞数量、ＩｇＧ，ＩｇＭ，ＩｇＡ含量及泪液，气管液，肠液，胆汁中ＩｇＡ，ＩｇＧ，ＩｇＭ含量的动态     

雏鸡感染CIAV后细胞因子与免疫功能变化

本实验研究了１日龄雏鸡感染ＣＩＡＶ后免疫器官Ｔ细胞的ＩＬ－２、ＩＦＮ、ＣＳＦ诱生活性、Ｔ细胞与Ｂ细胞增殖反应的动态变化。结果表明，雏鸡感染ＣＩＡＶ后：（１）胸腺和脾脏Ｔ细胞ＩＬ－２诱生活性分别于７～２１ｄ不１７～１４ｄ明显降低；（２）脾脏淋巴细胞ＩＦＮ诱生活性于７～１４ｄ显著减弱；（３）胸腺淋巴细胞ＣＳＦ诱生活性于１４ｄ未见异常，２１ｄ明显升高；（４）胸腺和脾脏Ｔ细胞增殖反应分别于１４ｄ和７～２１ｄ明显减弱：（５）法氏囊和脾脏Ｂ细胞增殖反应分别于７～２１ｄ和２１ｄ显著减弱；（６）胸腺重量与体重比值、法氏囊重量与体重比值、体重均明显降低；（７）外周血液ＰＣＶ、ＲＢＣ、Ｈｂ、ＷＢＣ、血栓细胞（血小板）数值均明显降低。     

鸡马立克氏病免疫抑制机理的研究

用马立克氏病强毒（ｖＭＤＶ）感染１日龄健康ＡＡ雏鸡，在感染后５、２５、４５日检测其胸腺、脾脏Ｔ细胞白细胞介素２（ＩＬ－２）诱生活性、ＩＬ－２受体（ＩＬ－２Ｒ）表达及Ｔ细胞增殖功能，胸腺、法氏囊、脾脏、盲肠、扁桃体、肺支气管粘膜淋巴组织及哈德尔腺中α－萘酚酯酶阳性Ｔ细胞、酸性磷酸酶阳性Ｔ细胞、抗体生成细胞数量，外周血液中Ｔ细胞数量、ＩｇＧ、ＩｇＭ、ＩｇＡ含量及泪液、气管液、肠液、胆汁中ＩｇＡ．ＩｇＧ、ＩｇＭ含量的动态变化。揭示了感染鸡细胞因子ＩＬ－２的免疫调节发生障碍，中枢与外周免疫器官的细胞免疫和体液免疫功能呈现抑制，呼吸道与消化道的局部免疫防御功能明显降低。     

鸡马立克氏病疫苗免疫的保护机理

实验用ＭＤ三价疫苗和ＨＶＴ疫苗分别接种１日龄雏鸡，以未接种雏鸡为对照，１５日龄用ＭＤ强毒攻击，攻毒后５、２５、４５、７５日检测其免疫保护指数，脾脏、Ｔ细胞ＩＬ－２诱生活性、ＩＬ－２Ｒ表达及增殖功能、胸腺、法氏囊、脾脏、盲肠扁桃体、哈德尔腺、支气管粘膜淋巴组织中Ｔ细胞和抗体生成细胞数量，外周血液中Ｔ细胞数量及ＩｇＧ，ＩｇＭ，ＩｇＡ含量，泪液、气管液、肠液、胆汁中ＩｇＡ，ＩｇＧ，ＩｇＭ含量的动态变化。     

香菇多糖和黄芪多糖对马立克氏病强毒感染雏鸡白细胞介素2活性和？…

１日龄ＡＡ肉用雏鸡以马立克氏病强毒人工感染后,马立克氏病发病率３３．７５％,死亡率１１．２５％,同健康雏鸡相比,ＩＬ－２诱生活性和Ｔ淋巴细胞增殖反应降低和显著降低。ｖＭＤＶ感染雏鸡注射香菇多糖和黄芪多糖,ＭＤ发病率分别为２０％、１７．５％,死亡率分别为７．５％、５％。同感染组相比,感染／香菇组和感染／黄芪组的ＩＬ－２诱生活性和Ｔ淋巴细胞增殖反应升高和显著升高。     

以MTT比色法检测鸡脾淋巴细胞转化效果

本研究运用ＭＴＴ比色法以正交试验对鸡脾脏淋巴细胞转化的最佳条件（ｃｏｎＡ量、血清种类和浓度）进行了研究。结果表明，无论血清种类和浓度如何，低剂量ＣｏｎＡ（２．５～１０μｇ／ｍｌ）可以获得较好的转化效果。当ＣｏｎＡ的量确定时，低浓度鸡血清（０．５％～１．２５％）的转化效果优于高浓度（２％～３％）：５％犊牛血清优于任何浓度的鸡血清；无血清培养基优于血清培养基。其最佳组合为无血清ＲＰＭＩ１６４０培养基加ＣｏｎＡ２．５μｇ／ｍｌ。     

鸭外周血液淋巴细胞转化MTT比色法检测的研究

为了建立鸭淋巴细胞转化检测的ＭＴＴ 比色法,对试验条件进行了研究。其检测的最佳条件为７．２ μｇ／ｍＬ的ＰＨＡ、７．５ ×１０６ 细胞／ｍＬ的细胞数、细胞培养液加入１ ％ 的ＳＰＦ鸡血清、细胞培养的时间为７２ ｈ。在此条件下,对北京鸭的外周血液淋巴细胞转化进行了检测,其结果为：２～６ 周龄鸭淋巴细胞转化率从５０．２ ％ 上升到２１２．３％ ,８ ～１６ 周龄正常鸭在１９３．０％ ～２８１．０％ 之间变动。实验结果表明,此方法可用于鸭体外细胞免疫功能的检测。     

白术、微米白术和白术多糖对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道形态及微生态区系的影响

试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。     

Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia

Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Chemotaxis of macrophage in inflammation

Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Y‐chromosomal variation of local goat breeds of Turkey close to the domestication centre

Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.     

Changes in proportion of canine urinary calculi composed of calcium oxalate or struvite in specimens analyzed from 1981 through 2001

The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors.     

Smart Phone Assisted City-scale Wireless Sensor Network Deployment for Transportation System Monitoring

<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems.