种子大小和枯落物覆盖对黑松种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响

2017年5月10日,将烟台沿海防护林内20～30年生黑松Pinus thunbergii母树的种子分为大粒、中粒和小粒播于花盆中,研究枯落物覆盖厚度(1 cm,2 cm,3 cm,4 cm)对种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响,以阐明沿海黑松防护林幼苗建立的机制。结果表明:种子大小对发芽率、发芽指数有着极显著影响(P<0.01),对平均发芽时间、活力指数没有显著影响。大粒种子比中小粒种子有着低的发芽率和发芽指数。在生物量分配和根系特征上种子大小没有显著影响,但对幼苗高度和地径有显著的影响(P<0.05),都是大粒和中粒种子大于小粒种子。枯落物覆盖厚度对于种子萌发有显著影响(P<0.05),发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数都随枯落物厚度的增加而增加,平均发芽时间则逐渐降低;但对幼苗生物量、生物量分配和根系特征无显著影响。相关分析表明,苗高和地径与发芽指标、幼苗生物量分配相关性不显著,但与比根长和比根表面积成显著正相关。因此,种子大小和枯落物覆盖厚度是影响沿海黑松防护林天然更新的重要因素。     

赤霉素对2个玛咖品种种子萌发的影响

以黑色玛咖和黄色玛咖的种子为材料,采用不同浓度的赤霉素(0 mg/L、50 mg/L、100 mg/L、200 mg/L、400 mg/L)浸种24 h,测定其种子发芽率、发芽势、根长等指标,比较不同浓度赤霉素对玛咖种子发芽的影响。结果表明,与对照相比,不同浓度赤霉素处理均能提高玛咖种子发芽率、发芽指数、根长等指标,当赤霉素浓度为200 mg/L时,对黄色和黑色玛咖种子发芽效果最佳。不同浓度赤霉素浸种后,黄色玛咖种子萌发的各项指标均大于黑色玛咖种子。     

华顶杜鹃种子特性、种子萌发和幼苗生长试验研究

以四明山区华顶杜鹃(Rhododendron huadingense)种子为试材,对种子形态、千粒质量、含水量及吸水率进行了观察与测定,研究了不同变温条件、不同浸种时间对种子萌发、幼苗生长的影响,对所得数据作方差分析和LSD检验。结果表明:华顶杜鹃单果种子数为134.1±32.3粒;千粒质量为1.180 2g;种子含水量为8.56%,吸水过程符合种子的吸水规律。浸种3、5、10、24、48h对种子萌发和幼苗生长都有促进作用,随浸种时间越长,种子萌发始发天数越短,发芽势、发芽率越高,幼苗生长越快。变温15~25℃比15~20℃能明显缩短种子萌发始发天数,提高发芽势、发芽率,且显著提高幼根、幼芽和幼苗总长。     

温度和光照对厚荚相思种子萌发特性的影响

通过对厚荚相思种子在不同温度及光照下发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数的测定,研究了温度与光照对厚荚相思种子萌发特性的影响.结果表明温度对厚荚相思种子的发芽率和发芽指数的影响极显著,而对发芽势的影响不显著;光照周期对厚荚相思种子的发芽率、发芽势及发芽指数的影响均不显著;在25 ℃或者25/15 ℃的温度下催芽,厚荚相思种子的发芽率、发芽势及发芽指数均最高;光照对种子萌发无影响.     

4种盐胁迫对黑种草种子萌发的影响

为探讨盐胁迫对黑种草种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响,用不同浓度的NaCl,Na2SO4,MgCl2单盐溶液和质量比NaCl∶Na2SO4=2∶1的复合盐溶液处理黑种草种子,观测不同处理下黑种草种子的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、萌发活力指数、盐害指数,以及幼苗叶面积、胚根长度和胚芽长度的变化。结果表明:盐溶液处理均对黑种草种子的萌发有显著抑制作用;浓度为1.50%的盐胁迫均能导致种子活力丧失;胚芽和叶片比胚根对盐胁迫更敏感。     

闽桦种子质量及萌发条件筛选

以福建省三明罗卜岩自然保护区闽桦(Betula fujianensis)和亮叶桦(Betula luminifera)种子为试验材料,通过测定种子千粒质量、含水率及发芽率,了解闽桦种子质量及最佳萌发条件,以期为人工培育闽桦幼苗提供科学依据。结果表明:闽桦种子发芽率显著小于亮叶桦;闽桦种子中黑色种子数量高达72.83%;黑色种子为败育种子,黄色种子为良好种子, 25℃为闽桦种子萌发最适温度。     

NaCl和PEG胁迫对不同大小刺槐种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响

【目的】研究盐和干旱胁迫下不同大小刺槐种子的萌发规律,提出合适种子大小与胁迫程度的选配建议,为刺槐优良苗木的培育提供参考。【方法】利用土壤筛,将种子分为大粒、中粒和小粒3个等级,明确每个等级种子大小特征、千粒质量和吸胀率。用NaCl和PEG 6000模拟盐和干旱胁迫,配制不同渗透势(0、-0.05、-0.15、-0.30、-0.49 MPa)的NaCl、PEG溶液。将不同大小的种子放置在光照培养箱内进行萌发试验,分析种子的萌发特征、幼苗生物量和根系发育,并比较不同大小种子在萌发中的可塑性。【结果】1)大粒和中粒种子的吸胀率显著大于小粒种子,中粒与小粒种子的千粒质量对比大粒种子分别降低22.01%、61.72%。2)随胁迫程度的增加,发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数显著降低,平均发芽时间显著增加;幼苗含水量、生物量、根长、根表面积、比根长、比根表面积显著降低。盐胁迫处理比干旱胁迫有着高的发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数、幼苗含水量,但在根干重、根冠比、根长、根表面积、比根长、比根表面积上低于干旱胁迫的。在各个指标的胁迫指数上,盐胁迫高于干旱胁迫的。3)在整个萌发过程中,大粒和中粒种子与小粒种子相比,...     

欧洲垂枝桦不同种源种子形态及萌发特性研究

以引进俄罗斯欧洲垂枝桦不同种源种子为材料,对不同种源种子形态及其萌发特性进行研究的结果表明:不同种源种子吸水量没有显著差异,而在种长、种宽、种厚、翅长、翅宽、千粒重、含水率、生活力、发芽率、发芽势和发芽指数存在显著差异;新西伯利亚种源种子最大、质量最重、发育最好、有生活力种子高达82.75%;采用混雪冷藏处理种子萌发能力最强,新西伯利亚种源种子发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数分别达到67.63%、55.41%、27.19;而对照种源采用低温冷藏处理种子萌发效果最差,其发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数分别为38.51%、32.42%、11.89。     

华中樱桃种子生物学特性研究初探

为探究华中樱桃 Cerasus conradinae种子生物学特性,以 湖北省赤壁市的野生华中樱桃的自然成熟未落地的果实为试验 材料,观察其种子形态,并测定种子长度、宽度、厚度、千粒 重、吸水特性和发芽特性。结果表明：华中樱桃种子为卵形,长 7.64±0.73mm,宽5.28±0.55mm,厚4.39±0.47mm,千粒重 62.77±2.91g,属中粒种子;种子浸种0~4 h吸水较快,后渐趋 缓,浸种24 h近饱和,吸水率为33.23%,种子饱和状态时吸水率 为33.30%;用750 mg/L 赤霉素（GA3）溶液浸种处理的种子发芽 效果较清水浸种好,但差异不明显,两者发芽率分别为65.3%和 62.7%;华中樱桃幼苗个体间差异大。     

NaCl胁迫对构树种子发芽及幼苗生理生化指标的影响

研究了不同浓度NaCl(0,25,50,75,100,125 mmol/L)对构树种子发芽和幼苗生长及生理效应的影响.结果表明:低浓度(25 mmol/L)盐胁迫下,构树种子的发芽率比对照升高了7.7%,同时幼苗根长亦有显著增加,比对照高23%,苗高、发芽指数、活力指数虽有所下降但不显著;随着NaCl浓度的增大,构树种子的发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数均呈下降趋势,发芽后幼苗的根长、苗高、鲜质量等也呈下降趋势,幼苗生长被抑制.对幼苗的生理指标测定显示:细胞膜透性随着盐浓度的增加逐渐升高,细胞膜稳定性受到破坏;MDA含量、SOD、POD活性随盐浓度的增加呈现先升高后降低的趋势,膜透性和MDA含量与SOD活性呈极显著相关.     

高盆樱桃种子萌发特性初探

高盆樱桃 Cerasus cerasoides 原生于西藏和云南地带,为我国唯一冬季开花的樱属树种。其树形优美,花色艳丽,造景效果好,目前多应用于云南地区的绿化及造林。为探索高盆樱桃种子的萌发特性,测定其长、宽、厚、百粒重、吸水特性、发芽特性以及芽苗质量指标,并初步探索种子大小对种子萌发的影响。结果表明：高盆樱桃种子浅褐色,呈卵圆状;平均长 10.56 mm,平均宽 7.89 mm,平均长宽比为 1.34,平均厚 6.06 mm,平均百粒重为 25.48 g;在培养皿铺纱布保湿的环境下种子发芽率为 42.67%;大种子发芽势、发芽率等数值均高于中、小种子,种子大小与发芽率呈正相关。     

岭南槭不同种源家系种子形态和幼苗生长变异

[目的]探讨不同种源家系岭南槭种子形态、种子萌发与幼苗生长的特性,分析它们与种源地地理气候因子之间的关系。[方法]对广东省岭南槭天然分布区的3个种源18个家系的种子表型性状、发芽特征、幼苗生长性状和叶色表现进行方差分析和相关性分析。[结果]表明:肇庆黑石顶(HSD)种源的种子最厚、最宽,深圳七娘山(QNS)种源的种子最薄、最窄,惠州南昆山(NKS)种源的种子最长,种子千粒质量最高;翅长与翅宽呈极显著正相关(P0.01),种子千粒质量与发芽率显著正相关(P0.05);岭南槭1年生幼苗地径与苗高成正比,幼苗生长受种源地的地理气候因子影响;在色彩表现方面,QNS3、QNS13家系的明度L*值较大,QNS13色相b*值显著高于其他家系,NKS14家系幼苗的色相a*值最大。[结论]种子千粒质量越高,发芽率越高;幼苗的地径苗高生长受种源地的地理气候因子影响。NKS14家系幼苗红叶特征最明显,色彩表现较好。     

Culling phenotypically inferior trees in seed production area enhances seed and seedling quality of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Acacia auriculiformis</Emphasis>

Improvement in seed and seedling quality of Acacia auriculiformis after culling phenotypically inferior trees was studied in a 6-year old seed production area (SPA). A 5-ha plantation was identified, of which 2.3 ha was converted into SPA. The initial stocking, 1 612 trees·ha⁻¹, was thinned down to 982 trees·ha⁻¹ based on growth characteristics. The following fruiting season, seeds were collected from 10 randomly selected trees in culled and non-culled stands, and seed physical characters, germination and seedling traits were assessed. Seed weight, seed thickness and percentage germination increased by 32.1%, 4.43% and 22.37%, respectively in the culled stand compared to the non-culled stand. Culling also increased the speed of germination, seedling dry weight and seedling vigor index. Heritability values were high for seed weight (0.974) and seed thickness (0.948) while medium values were observed for percentage germination (0.577) and total dry weight (0.534). Predicted genetic gain was 11.13% and 11.22% for seed weight and percentage germination, respectively. The actual gain was 32.1, 51.9 and 22.9% for seed weight, percentage germination and total dry matter, respectively. In conclusion, SPAs established by culling inferior trees could serve as sources of good quality seeds for reforestation programs until genetically improved seeds are made available.     

PEG模拟干旱对毛竹种子萌发及生长生理特性的影响

[目的]通过比较不同程度干旱胁迫对毛竹种子萌发及生长生理的影响,探究毛竹种子萌发期对水分胁迫的耐受机理,为毛竹的水分管理提供科学依据。[方法]以毛竹种子为试验材料,采用培养皿滤纸萌发的方法研究不同浓度(0%、5%、10%、15%、20%、25%) PEG-6000溶液对其种子萌发、生长、渗透调节物质、抗氧化酶活性的影响。并对种子萌发率、胚根和胚芽的生长量与PEG胁迫浓度间进行回归分析。[结果](1)对照组(CK)和5%处理组在第4天开始发芽,其余各处理组的发芽起始时间随处理浓度的升高逐渐延迟,25%处理组不发芽。(2)最终发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数、胚根长度、胚芽长度随PEG浓度的升高呈现先增大后减小的趋势,且均在5%浓度达到最大值。干旱胁迫下毛竹种子发芽率日变化曲线中对照组和5%处理组间存在唯一交叉点。毛竹种子在PEG胁迫下发芽率的临界值和极限值分别为14. 49%和19. 27%。(3)胚根和胚芽最终长度均在5%浓度时达到最大值,其后随着浓度的升高而减小,处理间差异显著(P 0. 05)。对照组和5%处理组的胚根平均长度日变化曲线存在交叉点。PEG胁迫下胚根生长的临界值和极限值分别为20. 43和23. 01%。(4)胚根中SOD、POD、CAT的活性均随PEG浓度的升高呈先上升后下降的趋势,且分别在5%、10%、10%浓度时达到最大值。(5) MDA和可溶性蛋白含量随PEG浓度的升高而持续升高,但低浓度(0%10%)时MDA含量差异不显著。[结论]低浓度干旱胁迫抑制发芽前期毛竹种子萌发以及胚根的形成,但显著提高毛竹种子的最终发芽率并且促进胚根后期的生长;而高浓度PEG干旱胁迫延迟毛竹发芽,抑制整个发芽时期的发芽率以及胚根、胚芽的生长; PEG浓度高于15%的干旱胁迫使毛竹的抗氧化酶系统发生紊乱,并对组织膜系统造成显著伤害。     

Variability in seed traits and genetic divergence in a clonal seed orchard of Dalbergia sissoo Roxb.

The variations in seed and pod traits, genetic superiority and genetic divergence were evaluated for a Clonal Seed Orchard (CSO) of Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. at Bithmera, India consisting of 20 clones from different agro-climatic conditions of four northern states (Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Haryana and Rajasthan). The seeds and pods of various clones in the orchard exhibited significant variability in size, weight and other characters. Significant positive correlations were observed between seed length and seed width (p<0.05), seed length and seed thickness (p<0.01), seed length and seed weight (p<0.01), seed thickness and seed weight (p<0.01), seed length and germination value (p<0.05). The genetic parameters for seed and pod traits also showed a wide range of variations in the orchard. Heritability values were found to be over 50 percent for most of the seed and pod traits. Seed weight, seed length and seed thickness showed high heritability values coupled with maximum genetic gain for these characters. Ward’s minimum variance dendrogram of clones of D. sissoo showed three distinct clusters; cluster 1 was the largest with 12 better clones whereas cluster 2 and 3 consisting of seven moderate clones and one poor clone, respectively. Mean cluster values showed sufficient variation among the clusters for seed weight, germination value and seed length. The possible hybridization between best clones of cluster 1 to the disease resistant clone of cluster 2 (resistant against deadly Gandoderma lucidum root rot disease of D. sissoo) is also suggested for further breeding programmes of the species. The deployment of clone 194 (better performed and disease resistant) is also recommended in future plantation programmes of D. sissoo in northern India.     

Seed germination ofThuja orientalis under PEG osmose treatment

Abstrct Thuja orientalis seeds was treated by different molecular weight, different concentration and different lasting time in the Seedling Laboratory of Northeast Forestry University. The results are as follows:(1) it shows significant promoting effects on the germination viability of seeds by different molecular weight of PEG(-6000, -10000 and -20000), and PEG-10000 is the best. (2)Different effects on germination viability, germination rate and simple vigor index are made by different concentration of the same weight molecular(PEG-10000), the promoting effects are shown when the concentration is below 30%, and from 20% to 30% is the best range, but inhibitions will be shown if the concentration is more than 35%. (3)The most suitable lasting time of osmose treatment of PEG-10000 with 20% concentration is from 2 to 4 days, not more than 6 days, but it will show significant inhibition if the treated time is more than 8 days. (4)The treatments of PEG-10000 and PEG-20000 with higher molecular weight can increase the germination rate and seed vigor, and decrease the electric conductivity of the seed soaking liquid after the natural air-dry treatment. The suitable time of natural air-dry is about 6 to 8 hours. It is also concluded that the PEG osmose treatment is an effective method to increase the germination rate by the field simulation in the laboratroy.     

Effects of drought stresses induced by polyethylene glycol on germination of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica seeds from natural and plantation forests on sandy land

Effects of drought stresses induced by polyethylene glycol (PEG) (0.0%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, and 30%, with four replicates) on germination of Mongolian pine (Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica) seeds produced in plantations (southern Keerqin sandy land) and natural forests (Hulunbeier sandy plain) were observed. The results indicated that the seeds from both provenances did not germinate when PEG concentration was more than 25%. The time of initial germination and that of its completion of stressed seeds from both provenances were delayed when compared with the unstressed seeds. The germination capacity and germination rate of natural seeds were significantly higher than those of plantation seeds for all treatment levels (P < 0.05). The mean growth rates of radicle and hypocotyl from natural seeds were significantly higher than those from plantation seeds at all treatment levels below 20% PEG treatment (P < 0.05). The ratios of radicle to hypocotyl of 20% PEG treatment were significant higher than those of the corresponding controls for both provenances (P < 0.05). These results suggested that Mongolian pine seeds/seedlings had stronger resistance to PEG drought stresses; 10% PGE stress did not significantly influence germination. Natural seeds exhibited more resistance to PEG stress than plantation seeds. It was concluded that drought stress on seed germination might be one cause of obstructed natural regeneration of Mongolian pine plantations on sandy land. It is recommended that natural seeds be used for afforestation, and light drought stress (e.g., 10% PEG stress) may be useful in improving seed germination and the growth of radicles and hypocotyls.     

不同温度下4种榆树种子发芽特征

研究了5、10、15、20、25、30、35、40℃不同温度处理对4种榆属榆树种子发芽的影响,并采用千粒质量、发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数、最初发芽时间、芽长和胚根长等指标对榆树种子发芽效果进行了评价。结果表明:随着温度的升高,榆树种子发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数均上升。此外,随着温度的升高,芽和胚根出现不同的生长趋势,芽生长增加而根生长减少,各榆树种子最初发芽时间随温度的升高而缩短,发芽的最适温度因种和品种而异。     

文冠果种子及苗期生长性状地理种源变异

[目的]研究不同种源文冠果(Xanthocerassorbifolium Bunge)的种子形态特征及在山东省安丘地区苗期性状差异,了解文冠果不同种源变异特征,为文冠果在山东安丘地区引种和遗传改良提供参考。[方法]以来自山东、河南、内蒙古、辽宁、黑龙江、河北、新疆、陕西等地的27个种源的文冠果种子为研究对象,对其种子形态指标进行测定,并在山东省安丘市开展种源试验。[结果]研究发现:不同种源间文冠果表型性状均存在极显著差异(P0.01),且这些差异可以稳定遗传(遗传力均大于0.9);苗期苗高与种源地降水、年均气温及地径与降水之间呈极显著正相关(P0.01),苗高与种源地纬度、年均日照及地径与年均日照呈极显著负相关(P0.01),种子长、种子宽、种皮厚均与海拔呈极显著负相关(P0.01)。[结论]文冠果表型性状存在丰富的变异,且受较强遗传控制;文冠果苗期性状变异主要受降水、年均气温、年均日照3个环境主导因子的影响,种子性状变异主要受海拔的影响。综合种源苗期生长状况,初步筛选出山东东营、山东安丘、内蒙古库伦、辽宁关山和辽宁海城5个适合安丘地区育苗的速生种源。