山蚂蝗属(Desmodium Desv.)种质资源形态多样性研究

对37份山蚂蝗材料的植物学特征、外部性状的变异及其规律进行观测统计及聚类分析。通过数据统计和相关性分析,结果表明:(1)山蚂蝗的植物学特征存在广泛变异,其变异系数为85%(叶柄长)~9%(叶色),平均为45%;(2)山蚂蝗植物学各性状指标间存在不同程度的相关性,其中叶片类型、叶尖、花冠颜色、茎的生长习性、旗瓣大小、荚果长、荚果宽、单荚粒数之间存显著(p0.05)或极显著(p0.01)正相关,叶长与叶宽正相关系数最大(0.892);叶片类型与叶长、叶宽、花序轴长度成极显著负相关,系数分别为-0.611、-0.462、-0.485。通过聚类分析,在欧氏距离8.0处,可将37份供试山蚂蝗材料划分为6类,其中度尼山蚂蝗CIAT46562和灰色山蚂蝗CPI46561单独聚为一类,为直立或斜升、羽状三出复叶型。     

体外产气法评定几种山蚂蝗亚族植物的营养价值

选用3头装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的海南黑山羊作试验,运用体外产气法评定山蚂蝗亚族(SubtribeDesmodiinae)中3个属6个种的营养价值。结果表明,不同山蚂蝗间72 h产气量(以0.2 g样品为发酵底物,下同)及干物质降解率变化差异显著(p<0.05),平均最高为糙伏山蚂蝗(分别为24.5 mL、52.5%),产气量最低的是单节假木豆(16.4 mL),干物质降解率最低为假木豆(36.9%);植物在不同生育期的产气量及降解率各不相同,以结荚期营养价值较高;相关性分析表明,山蚂蝗产气量与干物质降解率间存在极显著正相关关系,而单宁含量与产气量及干物质降解率无显著相关关系,即单宁含量对山蚂蝗营养价值无明显影响。     

17种豆科牧草引种海南岛适应性评价研究

应用灰色关联分析法评价17种豆科牧草的引种适应性,为饲料资源早期选择和新品种选育提供科学依据。参试材料经过3 a综合评价,结果表明:CIAT17403大叶千斤拔和CPI46562度尼山蚂蝗不仅具有较高的产量,其年均产量分别为300.76、217.80 kg/100m~2,且具有较高的旱季产量,相对抗旱,对叶锈病和虫害有较强的抵抗能力,植株存活率较高,茎叶比小,综合评分较高,对海南岛的土壤和气候适应性较强。     

17份落花生种质资源营养价值评价

对17份落花生营养期干物质、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗纤维、粗灰分、无氮浸出物、磷和钙含量进行测定。结果表明：17份落花生粗蛋白质范围为15.23%～17.12%,平均值为16.04%;粗纤维范围为19.56%～22.33%,平均值为20.85 %;粗脂肪范围为5.15%～6.47%,平均值为5.73%;粗灰分范围为7.16%～9.37%,平均值为8.34%;无氮浸出物范围为32.16%～38.29%,平均值为32.51%;磷含量范围为0.20%～0.32%,平均值为0.27%;钙含量范围为1.24%～1.72%     

山蚂蝗属植物遗传多样性的AFLP分析

为探讨山蚂蝗属植物遗传多样性和亲缘关系,利用扩增片段长度多态性(AFLP)标记技术对46份山蚂蝗属植物种质进行遗传多样性分析,从64对引物中筛选出条带清晰、多态性高的2对引物E-AAC/M-CAA、E-AAG/M-CAA,共扩增出172条谱带,其中154条为多态性带,多态性检出率为89.53%,表明在分子水平上山蚂蝗属植物遗传多样性丰富。采用离差平方和法将46个供试材料分为6类,聚类结果与《中国植物志》的分类体系相吻合;其中,卵叶山蚂蝗和糙伏山蚂蝗可能也属于三点金亚属,卵叶山蚂蝗亲缘关系离大叶山蚂蝗较近,糙伏山蚂蝗离假地豆较近,这个结论可以为中国植物志的修订提供一个依据;引种材料CIAT350(29)与其他卵叶山蚂蝗的亲缘关系较远。总体来看,聚类结果与地理来源没有必然联系。此外,从本实验来看,AFLP技术扩增效率高,信息量大、结果稳定、重复性好,可用于山蚂蝗属植物的遗传多样性分析和鉴定。     

狗牙根种质资源营养价值评价

测定了91份狗牙根种质营养期干物质、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗纤维、粗灰分、无氮浸出物、钙和磷含量等8个营养成分指标,并以粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗纤维和无氮浸出物作为判断指标,应用层次分析法对其营养价值进行评价,可将91份种质分为高营养型、低营养型和普通营养型3类.旨在为狗牙根作为饲草的应用价值提供理论依据.     

黑河地区55份大豆品种资源农艺性状和营养成分的聚类分析

收集黑河地区55份大豆品种资源材料,以豆芽厂原料大豆S135为对照.采用SPSS15.0软件对大豆品种的15个农艺性状及营养成分进行相关分析、主成分分析和非系统聚类分析.结果表明:单株产量与生育期和单株荚数呈极显著正相关(P＜0.01),与营养生长期和百粒重呈显著正相关(P＜0.05),与底荚高呈极显著负相关(P＜0.01);粗脂肪与粗蛋白呈极显著负相关(P＜0.01),与粗纤维、营养生长期呈显著负相关(P＜0.05).在主成分分析中,选取方差累计贡献率为84.49%的前5个主成分来评价黑河地区大豆品种资源.进一步通过非系统聚类分析,将参试的55份晶种资源分为5类,其中5个品种与对照晶种S135为第一类群,从农艺性状和大豆的营养成分来考虑,第一类适合作芽用大豆晶种;且5个类群性状之间的差异较明显,这有利于育种亲本材料的选择,同时为进一步选育和筛选优良的芽用大豆品种提供理论依据.     

67份柱花草耐盐性综合评价

采用水培的方法,在200 mmol/L Na Cl胁迫条件下对23个不同种的67份柱花草(Stylosanthes Sw.)进行耐盐性评价。盐处理15 d后对枯叶率(WLR)、相对生长量(RG)、叶绿素(Chl)含量和相对含水量(RWC)进行测定。结果表明:柱花草不同种及同一种的不同材料间耐盐能力存在显著差异;相关分析表明,WLR与Chl含量、RG及RWC呈显著负相关,相关系数分别为0.87、0.78及0.59,而FW与Chl含量呈显著正相关,相关系数达0.72。主成分分析得到2个主成分,可以解释总变化的89.83%。隶属函数法耐盐能力排序及聚类分析表明,直立柱花草CIAT11900、马弓形柱花草Fine stem、有钩柱花草CIAT1010、灌木黏质柱花草CIAT11052、弱脉柱花草CIAT11927和有钩柱花草Verano的耐盐性最强,有望在滨海盐渍土的改良中应用。     

100份甘蔗种质资源营养品质分析及评价

甘蔗是重要的糖料作物和能源作物，开展甘蔗种质资源的营养品质评价，可系统地了解甘蔗种质的营养价值，为甘蔗种质资源的开发利用及新品种的选育提供科学依据。以100份甘蔗种质为材料，通过分析蔗汁中的蔗糖、还原糖、总游离氨基酸、多酚、矿物质、蛋白质等14个营养指标，利用SPSS软件进行营养品质性状的主成分和系统聚类分析。结果表明：100份甘蔗种质营养成分存在差异，部分营养成分之间存在显著相关关系，蔗糖分与还原糖分、蛋白质、总游离氨基酸、果糖、葡萄糖含量呈极显著负相关，蛋白质与总游离氨基酸、总多酚含量呈显著正相关，果糖、葡萄糖、蔗糖含量与磷（P）含量呈极显著正相关，矿物质元素之间，钙（Ca）含量与铁（Fe）含量、Fe含量与铜（Cu）含量之间呈正相关；影响甘蔗种质营养品质的主要因子为还原糖因子、蛋白质因子、蔗糖因子、Ca含量因子和钾（K）含量因子，上述公因子对甘蔗营养品质综合评价的累计方差贡献率达69.62%。系统聚类分析表明，100份甘蔗种质的营养品质在欧式距离18.5处可分为5个类群，第Ⅰ类群包含77份种质，该类群蔗糖含量最高；第Ⅱ类群包含6份种质，Ca、Fe含量较高；第Ⅲ类群包含2份种质，该类...     

竹基质与菌种密度对棘托竹荪产量及营养品质的影响

以棘托竹荪为研究对象,采用正交试验设计,探讨竹荪培养基质量与菌种密度对其产量和营养成分的影响,筛选最佳配比组合,旨在为竹荪种植提供科学的技术支撑。结果表明:鲜菇平均产量3.51 kg/m²、粗蛋白含量18.78%、粗纤维含量21.19%、总糖含量37.79%。不同处理组合间产量、粗蛋白和总糖差异极显著（P<0.01）,粗纤维差异显著（P<0.05）。菌种密度和基质量各因素水平间仅产量差异显著,营养成分无显著差异,其中600 g/m²菌种密度的竹荪产量极显著大于400、800 g/m²,为4.54 kg/m²;16.0 kg/m²基质量的产量显著高于8.0、12.0 kg/m²,为3.95 kg/m²,3种主要营养成分随菌种量和基质量水平的增加呈异质性变化,二者的交互作用显著影响粗蛋白含量（P<0.05）;极差分析结果显示,菌种量对竹荪产量、粗蛋白和粗纤维含量的影响大于基质,而对总糖含量影响与之相反。不同处理组合的种植支收比为(1∶3.77)~(1∶9.32),其中以每平方米林地采用16.0 kg基质种植600 g菌种收益最高,收益达54.9元/m²,支收比1∶6.62,但投入成本与产量收益呈非完全正比关系。本研究认为,尽管基质量和菌种种植密度不会单方面显著改变竹荪营养成分,但选择合适的配比对提高竹荪产量和优化支收比都具有重要意义。     

Total phenolics,flavonoids, antioxidant capacity in rice grain and their relations to grain color,size and weight

Total phenolics, flavonoid contents and antioxidant capacity from a wide collection of rice germplasm were measured, and their relations to grain color, grain size and 100-grain weight were investigated. Highly significant genotypic differences were observed in total phenolics, flavonoid contents and 2,2-azino-bis-(3-ehylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) radical cation antioxidant capacity. They displayed an increasing order in the white rice, red rice and black rice, yet several white rice had higher phenolics and flavonoids contents than the red rice. Significant positive pair-wise correlations were found among the phenolics, flavonoid contents and antioxidant capacity, and the coefficient between the phenolic contents and antioxidant capacity was extremely high (r = 0.96). Among all rice accessions, the grain color parameters had negative correlations with the phenolics, flavonoid contents and antioxidant capacity (p < 0.001). The negative correlation between a* and antioxidant capacity, and the positive correlation between H° and antioxidant capacity were consistent within the respective white rice and red rice groups. Flavonoid contents had positive correlation with grain length and length to width ratio, and had negative correlation with the 100-grain weight among all rice accessions. It was also found that 100-grain weight still had negative correlations with phenolics, flavonoid contents and antioxidant capacity within the white rice genotypes. These relationships may serve as indexes to indirectly select breeding lines high in the phenolics, flavonoids and antioxidant capacity. Principal component analysis including the information for phenolics, flavonoids, antioxidant capacity, grain color parameters, grain size and 100-grain weight extracted five principal components that explained 83.7% of the total variances. The results of this study may provide new opportunities for rice breeders and eventually commercial rice growers to promote the production of rice with enhanced nutritional quality.     

山蚂蝗属种质材料苗期耐盐性研究

对18份不同来源的山蚂蝗属种质材料在3、4、5、6 g/L等不同NaCl处理进行盐胁迫研究。结果表明：糙伏山蚂蝗、南01966银叶山蚂蝗、050223217大叶拿身草等材料耐盐性较强,070312008长波叶山蚂蝗等耐盐能力最差。     

竹节草种质资源耐盐性初步评价

以相对地上干重、相对地下干重、叶片枯黄率、叶片颜色、坪用质量为评价指标,在245 mmol/L Na Cl胁迫下,利用水培法对64份竹节草(Chrysopogon aciculatus)种质资源进行耐盐性初步评价。结果表明,各品系之间存在显著(p0.05)或极显著差异(p0.01),各指标的变异系数范围为20.64%(相对地上部干重)~43.40%(相对坪用质量)。相关性分析结果表明,参数指标间存在显著相关性(p0.05)或极显著相关性(p0.01),相关系数最高达到0.912。利用5个指标对64份品系进行聚类分析,在欧式距离18.0处,分为敏盐型、中间型、耐盐型三大类。     

青梅腌制过程中的风味物质变化

以腌制青梅果肉为样品，采用顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用技术（HS-SPME-GC-MS）对青梅腌制过程中的风味成分分析鉴定，并进行统计分析。结果表明：其中，醛类物质14种、醇类9种、酯类7种、酸类3种、酮类3种、烷烃类12种和其他杂环类2种（占总挥发性的84.52％），共检测出50种挥发性成分。在腌制过程中，醛类和烷烃类与腌制时间显著负相关(p<0.01)，醇类风味物质含量与腌制时间呈弱负相关(p<0.05)，酯类物质含量与腌制时间显著正相关(p<0.01)。典型风味成分苯甲醛含量高达19.80％，腌制第2天，果肉中风味成分含量高且丰富，当腌制第8天时，风味成分变化趋于稳定。     

贵州紫苏资源主要品质性状的分析与评价

为探明贵州紫苏资源的分布及材料间的品质差异,推动资源利用和育种,对274份来自贵州的紫苏资源进行归类整理,并对其中188份资源的主要品质性状进行检测与分析,结果发现紫苏资源广泛分布于全省境内,以黔南、黔西南和毕节市居多,占资源总数的55.11%。贵州紫苏的脂肪和蛋白质平均含量分别为36.69%和25.96%。在脂肪酸组分中,亚麻酸含量最高(平均59.27%)。相关性分析显示,含油量和蛋白质呈极显著正相关(r=0.43),亚麻酸与其它4种脂肪酸组分均呈极显著负相关(r=-0.70^-0.52)。通过聚类分析将资源可分为高脂-高蛋白-高亚麻酸、高脂-高蛋白-低亚麻酸、低脂-低蛋白、中等品质和超高脂-超高亚麻酸等5个类型。     

Proximate Composition,Mineral Content and Fatty Acids Analyses of Aromatic and Non-Aromatic Indian Rice

Awareness on nutritive value and health benefits of rice is of vital importance in order to increase the consumption of rice in daily diet of the human beings. In this study, a total of six aromatic and two non-aromatic rice accessions grown in India were analysed for their nutritional quality attributes including proximate composition, mineral contents and fatty acids. Data with three replications were used to measure Pearson's simple correlation co-efficient in order to establish the relationship among various nutritional quality attributes. The result on proximate composition showed that Govind Bhog had the highest moisture (13.57%) and fat (0.92%) content, which signifies its tasty attribute. Badshah Bhog exhibited the highest fibre content (0.85%), carbohydrate content (82.70%) and food energy (365.23 kCal per 100 g). Among the minerals, the higher Ca (98.75 mg/kg), Zn (17.00 mg/kg) and Fe (31.50 mg/kg) were in Gopal Bhog, whereas the highest Na (68.85 mg/kg) was in Badshah Bhog, the highest K (500.00 mg/kg) was in Swetganga, Khushboo and Sarbati. The highest contents of unsaturated fatty acids viz. oleic acid (49.14%), linoleic acid (46.99%) and linolenic acid (1.27%) were found in Sarbati, whereas the highest content of saturated fatty acids viz. myristic acid (4.60%) and palmitic acid (31.91%) were found in Govind Bhog and stearic acid (6.47%) in Todal. The identified aromatic rice accessions Gopal Bhog, Govind Bhog and Badshah Bhog and non-aromatic rice accession Sarbati were found nutritionally superior among all eight tested accessions. The nutritional quality oriented attributes in this study were competent with recognized prominent aromatic and non-aromatic rice accessions as an index of their nutritional worth and recommend to farmers and consumers which may be graded as export quality rice with good unique nutritional values in international market.     

Fire blight (Erwinia amylovora) resistant/susceptibility of native apple germplasm from eastern Turkey

This study aimed to determine the resistance/susceptibility to fire blight of apple germplasm resources from the province of Erzincan in eastern Turkey. In total, 32 native apple accessions from four regions within the province were tested under greenhouse conditions by inoculating the shoot tips with pathogenic bacterium. Shoot tips were wounded for inoculation. Genotypical susceptibility index (GSI%) values were computed for each genotype based on the length of the lesion that developed on each shoot. Accessions were grouped into five classes of resistance/susceptibility, as follows: Class A (resistant); Class B (moderately resistant); Class C (moderately susceptible); Class D (susceptible); and Class E (highly susceptible). GSI% values differed significantly among accessions (p < 0.01). Five accessions received a rating of Class A, and 7 accessions received a rating of Class B. This was followed by 9 accessions with a rating of Class C, 5 accessions with a rating of Class D and 6 accessions with a rating of Class E. The findings of this study are expected to contribute to breeding efforts with respect to apple resistance to fire blight.     

东方小麦主要农艺性状分析

为发掘特异基因资源，对75份来自24个国家的东方小麦主要农艺性状进行了考察与分析。结果表明，供试材料植株较高，平均株高达127．5cm；籽粒特长，平均粒长达1．03cm。相关分析表明，千粒重与株高呈极显著正相关，而与穗粒数呈极显著负偏相关，说明株高增加可能导致千粒重增高，但千粒重高的材料其穗粒数相应会减少。主成分分析显示4个主成分（穗密度因子、穗粒重因子、粒数因子、株高因子）对变异的贡献率达85．58％，可作为亲本选择的依据。聚类分析可将供试材料分为四类，其遗传距离远近与地理来源无必然联系。