利用方式对大针茅草原植物多样性、功能性状及地上生物量的影响

2016年8月(生物量高峰期)在内蒙古锡林浩特市毛登牧场大针茅草原进行野外取样,以围封(CK)为对照,对放牧、刈割两种利用方式下大针茅草原枯落物量,地上生物量,地上现存量,群落物种多样性,共优种大针茅、羊草、糙隐子草植株高度、叶面积等功能性状变化及枯落物量与物种多样性间、物种多样性与地上生物量间相关关系进行研究,结果表明:枯落物量为CK刈割放牧(P0.05),放牧和刈割均造成枯落物减少。与对照相比,放牧显著降低了地上生物量和地上现存量(P0.05),使Simpson指数、Shannon-Wiener指数及Pielou指数显著增加(P0.05)。放牧、刈割均造成群落组成发生变化,禾本科植物地上生物量比重降低,且放牧造成多年生丛生禾草比重降低。与对照相比,放牧、刈割均造成大针茅、糙隐子草和羊草植株高度降低(P0.05),放牧使三者叶面积减小(P0.05),刈割使糙隐子草叶面积减小(P0.05)。刈割过程中,随着枯落物量增加,物种丰富度降低(P0.05);放牧过程中,随着物种丰富度增大,地上生物量降低(P0.05)。     

不同刈割强度下草地群落、层片及物种的补偿性生长

群落中不同层片物种对刈割的响应有所不同,探讨不同刈割强度下群落各层片物种的补偿性生长对提高群落生产力具有重要意义。本试验以水热条件较好的南方草地——重庆云阳岐山草场为研究样地,采用梯度刈割方式(不刈割、留茬10 cm、留茬6 cm),进而研究不同刈割强度下,草地植物群落、层片以及物种补偿性生长的响应。结果发现,1)中度刈割(MC)下群落生物量恢复最快,而重度刈割下群落地上相对生长速率最大;2)生长季末时,中度和重度刈割下地上部分均实现了超补偿生长;3)顶层物种在中度刈割下地上相对生长速率(relative growth rate, RGR)最大,而中层物种在重度下最大;4)中度刈割下,群落的顶层物种生物量与群落生物量显著正相关,重度刈割下,顶层和中层物种生物量与群落整体生物量正相关,底层物种生物量与群落总生物量在两种刈割强度下均不相关;5)物种水平上芭茅、鸭茅和白三叶生物量变化与群落地上生物量变化基本一致。研究结果表明,在草地群落中,不同层片物种对刈割的响应存在差异,中度刈割更利于顶层物种的超补偿生长,重度刈割则有利于中层物种的超补偿生长。因此根据不同层片物种所占群落的比重确定草地刈割强度能更有效发挥草地的增产潜力。     

秋季刈割对高寒退化草地植被和土壤生态属性的影响

合理的刈割对提高牧草利用价值,维护草地生态系统稳定具有重要意义。以高寒退化草地为研究对象,进行秋季刈割后,研究了刈割对高寒退化草地牧草产量、草地群落多样性、土壤特性及牧草品质等指标的影响。结果表明:刈割处理后,草地总地上生物量以及莎草科、豆科和杂类草地上生物量有所增加,其中豆科增加显著(P0.05),且禾本科、莎草科以及豆科生物量显著高于上一年(P0.05)。草地群落各多样性指数均有增加趋势,且香农威纳指数、物种丰富度指数均显著高于围封(P0.05)。刈割后土壤全氮、有机质及速效磷含量有降低趋势,而硝态氮和铵态氮含量显著增加(P0.05),且刈割2年的铵态氮含量显著高于刈割1年(P0.05);速效钾含量较围封有所增加,而全钾含量显著低于围封(P0.05)。刈割后,牧草粗脂肪、粗蛋白、粗灰分、酸性洗涤纤维和中性洗涤纤维等营养成分含量变化不显著。     

防除狼毒后模拟秋季放牧对狼毒型退化草地群落的影响

防除狼毒是青藏高原狼毒型退化草地恢复的主要措施之一,同时刈割作为放牧的一种人为模拟,对群落物种多样性和生产力有重要影响.以狼毒型退化草地为研究对象,在防除狼毒后进行为期5年的模拟秋季放牧(留茬10 cm)野外控制试验,研究模拟秋季放牧对狼毒密度、草地群落多样性以及地上生物量等的影响,探讨防除狼毒后模拟放牧对狼毒型退化草地群落的影响.结果表明:围封(FE)、刈割(C)和刈割+防除(C+SC)处理的狼毒密度及地上生物量均显著低于正常放牧(CK)(P<0.05),且随着年份的延长,狼毒密度下降明显;各处理下总物种数都随年份增加而相应减少,C和C+SC的物种数下降幅度较小;FE、C和C+SC的多样性指数、丰富度指数、均匀度指数、优势度指数与CK相比均有所下降,FE、C和C+SC处理的均匀度指数在年份间均呈降低趋势;FE、C和C+SC的地上生物量在处理后第2年均比CK有增加趋势,其中总地上生物量和禾本科的地上生物量在第2年后就显著高于CK(P<0.05),豆科在第3年后显著高于CK(P<0.05),同时,C和C+SC处理的总地上生物量、禾本科以及豆科地上生物量随着年份的增加呈显著上升趋势(P<0.05),而各处理的莎草科和杂类草的地上生物量均在年份间变化不显著(P>0.05).     

刈割强度对大针茅草原植物群落特征和土壤理化性质的影响

探究不同刈割强度对大针茅典型草原植物群落特征以及土壤理化性质的影响,可为大针茅草原制定合理科学的刈割制度提供理论依据。本研究以大针茅典型草原为对象,于2020年在内蒙古锡林浩特市毛登牧场刈割实验平台进行野外植被调查和取样。该实验平台于2014年建立,以不刈割为对照（CK）,设置轻度（LM）、中度（MM）及重度刈割（HM）3个处理。本研究通过计算物种重要值和多样性指数,测定植物群落地上、地下生物量以及土壤理化性质,探究群落特征与土壤理化性质的关系。结果表明：1）与不刈割相比,不同刈割强度均增加了新物种,且中度刈割的物种数最多;与不刈割相比,不同刈割强度均显著增加了群落的丰富度和Shannon-Wiener指数,且轻度刈割显著增加了优势度和均匀度指数,表明轻度刈割最有利于群落多样性的维持;不同刈割强度对大针茅草原的生产力均无显著影响;2）土壤全碳、全氮和pH均在中度刈割时最高,且显著高于不刈割,表明中度刈割对土壤养分有积极影响;3）硝态氮是影响草地生产力的主要土壤因子,土壤含水量是影响草地群落多样性的主要土壤因子。本研究可为大针茅典型草原群落结构、物种多样性以及生产力等方面的研究提供重要参...     

不同管理方式对锡林郭勒大针茅典型草原退化群落的恢复作用

在内蒙古锡林郭勒典型草原区选取有代表性的退化大针茅—糙隐子草群落,设置三种不同的管理方式,即放牧不刈割、无牧无刈割围封禁牧、无牧一次刈割围封禁牧.经过8年不同的管理后,采用样方法对群落物种组成、植物高度、地上生物量进行实地调查,并计算群落物种多样性、丰富度和均匀度;同时,测定群落内主要植物种的净光合速率、叶片N含量、比叶面积等功能性状.结果表明:(1)与放牧不刈割管理相比,在两种围封禁牧管理下,群落单位面积的生物量以及多年生禾草占总地上部生物量的比例均增加,群落的Margalef丰富度指数提高,群落内主要物种的水分利用效率显著提高,群落优势种由糙隐子草过渡为大针茅,已具有明显的典型草原特征;但群落的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数无显著差异,群落内主要物种的净光合速率、叶片N含量和比叶面积等功能性状无一致变化趋势,植株高度也无显著差异.(2)无牧一次刈割管理方式下的群落内物种数高于另外两种管理方式.综上所述,对于内蒙古锡林郭勒的大针茅退化草原来讲,实施无牧一次刈割围封禁牧管理有利于退化群落的恢复.     

不同草地利用方式对内蒙古典型草原群落特征及草地健康的影响

为科学评价不同利用方式对典型草原健康的影响,本研究以西乌珠穆沁旗典型草原为研究区,通过群落调查结合Condition-Vigor-Organization-Resilience (CVOR)草地健康评价模型,综合评价放牧刈割草地(MG)、夏季放牧草地(SG)、冬季放牧草地(WG)、禁牧刈割草地(MP) 4种不同利用方式对草地健康的影响。研究发现：1)冬季放牧草地群落平均高度显著低于其他利用方式(P <0.05),夏季放牧草地平均盖度、密度显著低于其他利用方式(P <0.05),放牧是影响群落形态特征的主要因素之一,夏季放牧草地Shannon-Wiener指数和Simpson指数显著低于其他利用方式(P <0.05)。放牧刈割提高了群落的的丰富度和均匀度。2)冬季放牧草地群落生物量和凋落物量显著低于其他利用方式。3)基于CVOR指数评价综合草地健康等级：MG> MP> WG> SG,放牧刈割草地综合草地健康指数最高(HCVOR=0.84),其余3种利用方式处于“不健康”状态。应适当加强对放牧刈割草地的利用,对其他3种利用方式进行因地制宜的草地管理措施,...     

放牧对青海湖北岸高寒草原植物群落特征的影响

基于青海湖北岸高寒草原连续3年放牧控制试验,研究了暖季和冷季放牧草地植物群落特征的变化。结果表明,暖季和冷季放牧草地群落地上生物量均随放牧强度的增加呈现下降趋势,禾本科地上生物量的变化趋势基本与群落地上生物量的一致;中度放牧对暖季放牧草地植被的影响程度高于冷季放牧草地;围栏封育区和冷季重度放牧草地的优势种均为紫花针茅(Stipapurpurea)和矮嵩草(Kobresia humilis),暖季放牧各放牧小区和冷季放牧草地轻度和中度放牧处理优势种均为紫花针茅和披针叶黄华(Thermopsis lanceolata);随放牧强度的增加,暖季放牧草地群落物种多样性指数和均匀度指数表现出先降低后增加的趋势,冷季放牧草地群落物种多样性指数和均匀度指数表现出增加的趋势,但是多样性指数在暖、冷季放牧草地均以重度放牧区最高。     

刈牧强度对羊草草地植被数量特征影响的研究

两年的草地刈割模拟放牧试验表明：随着刈割强度的增大,羊草优势种的地位逐渐丧失,羊草、克氏针茅、扁蓿豆等优良牧草重要值下降,菊科、蔷薇科等植物重要值增加;草地植被总盖度变化不明显,在重度处理下也能达到78.75%,但羊草分盖度下降明显;羊草密度下降,糙隐子草、猪毛蒿密度增加（p〈0.05）,群落密度变化不显著（p〉0.05）;物种丰富度指标物种数和Margalef指数、多样性指标Simpson指数和Shannon-Wiener指数、均匀度Pielou指数的变化趋势相同,随刈割强度的增大而增大;冠层指标中,叶面积指数随刈割强度的增大而降低,散射辐射透过率却随之增强（p〈0.05）。     

黄土区封育和放牧草地物种多样性和地上生物量对氮素添加的响应

氮素添加对草地生态系统地上生物量具有普遍促进作用,但对解释引起物种多样性丧失的机制仍存在较大争议。本研究以黄土高原半干旱区长期封育和连续放牧草地为对象,通过设置不同氮素添加水平来探索两种典型的草地管理方式下群落地上生物量、物种多样性、群落组分结构对氮素添加的响应及其异同以及物种多样性与地上生物量的关系,并研究这些响应的潜在生态学机制。结果显示,1)氮素添加显著提高长期封育草地地上生物量的同时降低了物种多样性;放牧草地群落地上生物量、物种多样性对氮素添加的响应与封育草地相同,但其响应程度均小于封育施肥草地;2)草地群落物种多样性随地表凋落物生物量增加而降低,随植被透光率增加而升高; 3)封育施肥草地Shannon-Wiener多样性指数与地上生物量存在显著线性负相关关系,而放牧施肥草地的物种多样性与地上生物量不存在显著的相关关系。以上结果表明放牧能够减缓施肥对物种多样性的负效应,在轻微降低物种多样性的前提下显著提高群落地上生物量,是一种合理的草地管理方式。     

不同草地利用方式对河北坝上天然草地植物群落特征的影响

本研究以坝上天然草地植物群落为研究对象,分析了不同草地利用方式(打草场、冬牧地、公牧地)对植物群落的数量特征、物种组成、功能群特征及物种多样性的影响.结果表明:冬牧地的群落高度、物种数及物种多样性指数均最大,打草场的群落盖度显著大于放牧地(冬牧地和公牧地)且其地上生物量与冬牧地没有显著差异,同时打草场物种多样性指数与冬...     

割草地群落特征与土壤化学性质对利用年限的响应

对呼伦贝尔不同利用年限的贝加尔针茅(Stipa baicalensis)+日阴菅(Carexpe pediformis)和羊草(Ley-mus chinensis)+杂类草两种类型的割草地群落特征、植物营养成分及土壤营养成分进行了比较分析。结果表明,多年刈割使群落盖度降低,贝加尔针茅株丛破碎化、小型化,羊草退化;多年刈割的贝加尔针茅+日阴菅样地群落Mar-garlef丰富度指数、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数均高于同类型围封3年的样地,羊草+杂类草割草利用多年的样地Margarlef丰富度指数高于利用5年的样地。随刈割年限的增加,蔷薇科、菊科、毛茛科等一年生植物随之增加,地上生物量、枯落物现存量随着刈割年限的增加而降低;多年刈割使土壤有机质、全氮、速效氮的含量降低。     

Grazing Management,Season, and Drought Contributions to Near-Surface Soil Property Dynamics in Semiarid Rangeland

Grazing management effects on soil property dynamics are poorly understood. A study was conducted to assess effects of grazing management and season on soil property dynamics and greenhouse gas flux within semiarid rangeland. Grazing management treatments evaluated in the study included two permanent pastures differing in stocking rate (moderately and heavily grazed pastures) and a fertilized, heavily grazed crested wheatgrass (Agropyron desertorum [Fisch. ex. Link] Schult.) pasture near Mandan, North Dakota. Over a period of 3 yr, soil properties were measured in the spring, summer, and fall at 0–5 cm and 5–10 cm. Concurrent to soil-based measurements, fluxes of carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxidewere measured on 1-wk to 2-wk intervals and related to soil properties via stepwise regression. High stocking rate and fertilizer nitrogen (N) application within the crested wheatgrass pasture contributed to increased soil bulk density and extractable N, and decreased soil pH and microbial biomass compared to permanent pastures. Soil nitrate nitrogen tended to be greatest at peak aboveground biomass, whereas soil ammonium nitrogen was greatest in early spring. Drought conditions during the third year of the study contributed to nearly two-fold increases in extractable N under the crested wheatgrass pasture and the heavily grazed permanent pasture, but not the moderately grazed permanent pasture. Stepwise regression found select soil properties to be modestly related to soil–atmosphere greenhouse gas fluxes, with model r² ranging from 0.09 to 0.76. Electrical conductivity was included most frequently in stepwise regressions and, accordingly, may serve as a useful screening indicator for greenhouse gas “hot spots” in grazing land.     

矿区排土场人工草地土壤水分及入渗特征效应

本研究以露天煤矿排土场新土体上建植的不同人工草地为对象,分析了不同人工草地地上生物量、土壤水分及土壤入渗性能。结果表明,不同人工草地地上生物量之间差异显著(P<0.05),灌木和草灌混播草地的地上生物量比单一草种草地高,冰草+沙蒿和沙打旺+沙蒿草地地上生物量分别比单一种植冰草和沙打旺的草地高40.84%~47.88%和27.31%~53.49%;不同人工草地土壤含水量随深度增加而增大,20~30 cm层土壤含水量花棒草地最高;不同人工草地地上生物量和土壤水分的累加值呈负相关关系;草灌混播草地的平均土壤初始入渗速率比单一草种草地高44.25%。本研究结果表明,在矿区排土场新土体改良和植被恢复建设中应以草灌混播人工草地为主,可有效提高草地生产力,改善土壤的水分状况和入渗性能,利于植被生长的可持续。     

Vegetation Production Responses to October Grazing in the Nebraska Sandhills

Understanding the long-term effect of summer grazing date and fall stocking rate on herbage production is critical to extending the grazing season in the Nebraska Sandhills. A study was conducted from 1997 to 2002 at the Gudmundsen Sandhills Laboratory located near Whitman, Nebraska, to determine the herbage production response to summer grazing date and October stocking rate on two different sites. Site 1 was dominated by warm-season grasses and site 2 was dominated by cool-season graminoids. At each site, three 0.37-ha pastures were constructed in each of four blocks before application of summer grazing treatments. Pastures in each block were grazed at 0.5 animal-unit months (AUM) · ha^?1 in June or July, or were deferred from summer grazing. Following summer grazing treatments, October stocking rate treatments (no grazing or 1.0, 2.0, or 3.0 AUM · ha^?1) were applied to subunits of each summer grazing date pasture during mid-October. Vegetation was sampled in each pasture in mid-June and mid-August and sorted by functional group to determine the effect of 5 yr of grazing treatments on herbage production and residual herbage. Herbage production was not affected by summer or October grazing treatments on the warm-season grass–dominated site. Increasing October stocking rate, however, reduced cool-season graminoid production and subsequent herbage production 25% by year 5 of the study. Residual herbage at both sites at the end of the October grazing periods explained as much as 16% to 34% of subsequent year’s herbage production. Grazing managers in the Nebraska Sandhills can extend the grazing season by lightly stocking pastures in the summer to facilitate additional fall grazing. Heavy stocking in October over several years on cool-season–, but not warm-season–, dominated sites will reduce production of cool-season graminoids on these sites.     

Using the recommended stocking density to predict equine pasture management

Best management practices for equine pastures include following the recommended stocking density, rotating, clipping, dragging manure, soil testing, and renovating as needed. Assuming these practices are implemented collectively, pasture resources can contribute significantly to annual forage needs. A survey was mailed to New Jersey pasture property owners in January 2000 to assess pasture management practices and determine the relationship between the recommended stocking density and individual management practices. Our survey indicates that many horse pasture managers follow individual recommendations, but generally do not implement multiple management practices. About 69% of survey respondents currently have between 0 and 20 horses. About 28% of respondents have between 6 and 10 acres of pasture, while only 20% have between 11 and 20 acres. Our analysis reveals a decreasing tendency to follow the recommended stocking density as horse numbers increase, but no difference as the number of acres of pasture changes. Our survey indicated that 66% soil test and about 45% fertilize every three years or greater while 50% lime pastures in intervals exceeding three years. The most commonly implemented management practice is mowing pastures (89%), while 54% of respondents rotate pastures. Despite the large proportion of managers that mow or rotate their pastures, there was generally only a small likelihood of these managers following the recommended stocking density and mowing, and no relationship between rotating and the recommended stocking density. Our results also indicate that at most about one-third of pasture managers have access to or own some piece of equipment used in pasture renovation or maintenance, although 92% make annual pasture expenditures. Consequently, pasture managers need additional information regarding the benefits of following best management practices to achieve the synergistic effect of multiple management practices on pasture productivity and persistence.     

The influence of stocking rate on transmission of helminth parasites in pigs on permanent pasture during two consecutive summers

This study was made to elucidate the transmission of nematode infections in outdoor pigs at different stocking rates during two consecutive seasons. Five pigs (Group 1A) inoculated with low doses of Oesophagostomum dentatum, Ascaris suum, and Trichuris suis and five helminth-na?ve pigs (Group 1B) were turned out together in June 1996 on each of four pastures at stocking rates of 100, 240 (two pastures) and 576m(2) per pig, respectively. The pigs were slaughtered in early October, and pasture infectivity was subsequently measured using helminth-na?ve tracer pigs (Tracer). In 1997, 10 helminth-na?ve pigs were turned out on each pasture in May (Group 2) and again in August (Group 3), and allowed to graze for 12 weeks. The percentage of grass cover was reduced considerably at the high stocking rate in comparison to the other stocking rates. Transmission of all three helminths was observed on all pastures. In 1996, the O. dentatum faecal egg counts and worm burdens were significantly higher in pigs at the high stocking rate compared to pigs at the other stocking rates. O. dentatum did not survive the winter and pigs of Group 2 were inoculated with 3000 larvae each to reintroduce this parasite. Ascaris suum ELISA values and worm counts were highest at the high stocking rate in 1997 (Group 3). Transmission of T. suis was not significantly influenced by stocking rate. The results indicate that transmission of O. dentatum, and to some extent A. suum is influenced by stocking rate. However, both A. suum and T. suis eggs are still expected to constitute a high risk of infection on intensively used pastures where eggs may accumulate for years. The relationship between host density and helminth transmission seems more complex for grazing/rooting pigs than for grazing ruminants. This may be due to the differences in behaviour of the animals and the resulting differences in microclimate of the developing eggs/larvae.     

刈割和养分回添对羊草草原植物群落生物量及其构成的影响

基于2011年开始的养分回添控制试验,研究锡林郭勒盟草原羊草+克氏针茅+糙隐子草群落在不同肥料(氮、植物割取部分和有机质)对羊草割草场植物群落地上生物量的影响。结果表明:与不刈割相比,刈割+有机质回添、刈割+植物回添和刈割处理显著降低了植物群落地上生物量,但刈割+N素回添处理生物量并没有显著降低。4种处理均增加杂类草和一、二年生植物的地上生物量。与单纯刈割相比,刈割+植物回添处理可增加根茎禾草生物量;刈割+N素回添处理显著增加丛生型禾草地上生物量。与单纯刈割相比,刈割+植物回添处理增加了羊草(Leymus chinensis)种群地上生物量,刈割+N素回添处理增加克氏针茅(Stipa krylovii)种群地上生物量并显著增加糙隐子草(Cleistogenes squarrosa)生物量。这说明养分回添对植物群落地上生物量的影响,不仅与所施肥料种类和施肥量有关,还与该草原植物群落物种组成有关。     

Evaluation of hay-type and grazing-tolerant alfalfa cultivars in season-long or complementary rotational stocking systems for beef cows

Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) persistence and forage and cow-calf production were evaluated on pastures containing smooth bromegrass with or without grazing-tolerant or hay-type alfalfa cultivars rotationally stocked in either a season-long or complementary system. In 1997, six 2.02-ha pastures were seeded with smooth bromegrass, a mixture of a grazing-tolerant alfalfa (Amerigraze variety) and smooth brome-grass, or a mixture of a hay-type alfalfa (Affinity variety) and smooth bromegrass to be used in season-long stocking systems. Four 2.02-ha pastures were seeded with smooth bromegrass on 1.21 ha of each pasture, and mixtures of either the grazing-tolerant or hay-type alfalfa cultivars and smooth bromegrass on the 0.81 ha of each pasture to be used in complementary stocking systems. All 10 pastures were divided into 10 paddocks and rotationally strip-stocked at 1.98 cow-calf units/ha with crossbred cows and calves for 120 and 141 d starting May 18, 1998 (yr 1), and May 6, 1999 (yr 2), respectively. Each year, first harvest forage was harvested as hay from 40% of all 10 pastures, this being the portions of the pasture seeded with the alfalfa-smooth brome-grass mixtures for pastures with the complementary stocking systems. In yr 1 and 2, the remaining 60% of each pasture was grazed for the first 44 and 54 d, and 100% of each pasture was grazed on d 45 to 120 and d 55 to 141, respectively. Proportions of alfalfa in the live dry matter of pastures seeded with the grazing-tolerant and hay-type alfalfa cultivars decreased by 70 and 55% in paddocks stocked season-long and by 60 and 42% in paddocks used for complementary stocking (alfalfa cultivar, P < 0.05; stocking system, P < 0.05) in yr 1, but decreased by 72% across cultivars and stocking systems in yr 2. Total (P < 0.08) forage masses in September of yr 1 and in August of yr 2 were greater in pastures in which alfalfa paddocks were stocked season-long than in those with complementary alfalfa stocking. Grazing of alfalfa in grass mixtures increased calf and total cow/calf weight gains in comparison with grazing of smooth bromegrass, but alfalfa persistence, measured as a proportion of the live dry matter, was not affected by alfalfa cultivar.     

秋冬季牧场采用IGER记录器对牦牛24小时采食和反刍行为的记录研究

2005年9~10月份和11~12月份在青海省三角城种羊场秋冬牧场采用IGER记录器分别观测记录了牦牛的采食和反刍行为。秋季牧场牦牛除挤奶外24 h放牧,冬季牧场夜间栓系。结果表明牦牛在秋冬牧场的采食和反刍时间差异不显著(P>0.05)。牦牛在冬季牧场的非采食下颚活动数和每分钟采食口数显著高于秋季牧场(P<0.05)。在秋季牧场牦牛的干物质采食率和单口采食量(鲜重、干物质重、有机质)显著高于冬季牧场(P<0.05),但未知体重损失率差异不显著(P>0.05)。秋冬季牧场牦牛的采食行为主要集中在白昼,而反刍行为主要在夜间进行。