Capacity for Timber Management in Small and Medium Forest Enterprises: A Case Study from the Peruvian Amazon

With the implementation of a new legal framework for more responsible forest management in Peru, private small-medium forest enterprises (SMFEs) have become the most important social actors engaged in commercial forestry in the Peruvian Amazon. Despite the role of SMFEs in contributing to employment and local economic growth, there is little information with respect to their economic performance and capacities. This is a hindrance to efforts aimed at better characterizing this important sector and its influence on the development and conservation of tropical forests. For this study, 29 private SMFEs were surveyed to inventory their capital assets in order to evaluate their capacities to carry out timber management. Results indicate that SMFEs vary greatly in terms of their produced and natural capital assets, and consequently in their forest management capabilities as well. While most SMFEs lack adequate capacity for sustainable forest management, those that had more valuable timber resources and physical infrastructure attained forest certification. SMFE capacities depend greatly on external mechanisms to ensure consistent technical and financial assistance.     

我国林业上市企业科技创新、社会责任贡献与持续发展动态关系分析

文中基于我国56家林业上市企业2010—2021年面板数据,从当期和中长期视角实证剖析企业科技创新、社会责任贡献与持续发展的动态关系。结果显示,无论是从当期还是中长期来看,企业科技创新和社会责任贡献对持续发展均具有显著正向影响,至少5年内对企业持续产生正向促进作用。建议政府部门针对不同生命周期林业企业施以差别策略、进一步加大对林业企业的支持力度,以实际应用场景为切入口促进科技成果转化,逐渐完善激励机制和考核机制,将专利授权等情况作为参评专业技术职务评定和晋升的依据。林业企业应强化创新意识,积极履行社会责任,不断提高企业管理水平和知识产权保护及运用能力。     

林业企业融资研究进展

我国林业企业一直处于弱势地位,普遍面临着资金链紧张、融资渠道不通畅等问题,已经成为限制企业做大、做强的重要因素。国内外学者针对林业企业融资的现状、存在的问题以及原因、对策等方面,在理论和实践上开展了大量的研究,但由于体制、资源基础和产业发展水平等因素的差异,国内外研究的侧重点有所不同。文中从林业投资效率、政府在林业融资中的作用、改善林业融资环境3个方面,以及林业企业融资现状与问题、林业企业融资难的原因、林业企业融资对策3个方面分别总结国外和国内研究进展;在此基础上展望未来研究方向:加强定量与定性相结合的研究,深入研究新冠肺炎疫情等特殊时期林业企业融资难问题,加强林业企业融资创新路径研究。     

桂林生态城市建设实践与思考

从林业生态工程建设及小流域综合治理、城市生态环境建设、生态农业、生态立法等方面对桂林市生态城市建设的实践情况进行总结，并对生态城市建设中的建设内涵，政府、企业、居民在城市生态建设中的作用，环境教育等方面提出了生态城市建设的思路。     

对瑞典林业的考察及思考

本文通过对瑞典基本国情和林业基本概况的介绍和对瑞典林业生产主要特征的分析，提出我国林业生产应该借鉴的方面是：加强森林和环保教育：调整农民，林业企业和政府的关系，建立利益一致，目标一致的良好关系，加强科技投入，在应用研究和基础研究方面都应保持自己的优势；转变政府在林业生产中的职能，以服务，协调和指导角色代替包揽一切事务的传统作法，精简政府机构。     

森林游憩对生态环境的影响及其对策

森林游憩对生态环境的影响分正、负两个方面。正面效应是对森林生态环境有所保护和改善, 而负面效应是使游憩区的生态环境受到不同程度的冲击。其冲击主要来源于开发建设、企业经营和游憩活动; 冲击的对象主要是植物、野生动物、土壤、水体、大气和种群结构等。在全面分析森林游憩对生态环境冲击的基础上,提出了实施科学规划, 进行生态化建设和执行生态化管理等减少对游憩区生态冲击的对策。     

南疆职业院校涉农专业教师下企业实践的成效提升策略研究——以阿克苏地区为例

指出了职业院校教师到相关企业实践锻炼已成为"双师型"教师培养的重要途径,南疆职业院校涉农专业教师通过下企业实践锻炼培养成为“双师型”教师虽取得了一定成效,但也存在一些问题:如教师下企业实践锻炼时间安排不尽合理、企业接受积极性不高、实践锻炼考核不灵活等现实问题。因此,提出了可通过政府、企业、院校和教师共同努力、通力合作,采取一些积极有效的措施共同促进教师企业实践的真正取得实效的对策,以供参考。     

Behavioral intentions toward afforestation and carbon reduction by the Taiwanese public

Global warming has become a worldwide environmental issue in recent years. With implementation of the Kyoto Protocol, reducing emissions of carbon dioxide is the common goal of everyone. Afforestation and carbon reduction have become important forestry policies of the Taiwanese government. Attitudes and behavioral intentions of the domestic public towards afforestation and carbon reduction will play important roles in the effectiveness of forestry policies. In this study, the theory of planned behavior was applied to better understand the relationships among domestic public attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioral controls, and behavioral intentions. Data were obtained by a mail survey. The domestic public's behavioral intention model was verified by a structural equation model. This study found that older people not only had a positive attitude towards the concept of afforestation for carbon reduction but were also willing to participate in related activities. Significant reference groups also had greater influence on these people, but for the question of whether a person had better means to participate in afforestation activities for carbon reduction, the level of monthly income emerged as the factor of main consideration. It shows that even though an overall positive attitude towards afforestation activities for carbon reduction increases people's willingness to participate, actual participation is still determined by the level of the participant's ability to control difficulties during the related activities. The policy implication of this study is that when setting into action the carbon reduction policies or programs, the Taiwanese government should take into account the claim from significant reference groups, and enhance the visibility of those groups' positive points of view towards the policies. In addition, the government should enhance the promotion of the high-income and the older people's participation in carbon reduction programs, because our results show their high intention to participate.     

The role and activities of NGOs in reforestation in the northeast Asian region

The goal of international cooperation is to promote sustainable forestry through diverse partnerships involving individuals, communities, industries, governments, institutions and organizations. Through advice, education and training, joint research and exchange of experiences, information and technical know-how, cooperation can bring together baseline information for the world’s community. In this way, developed countries and international forestry and forestry research organizations can assist developing countries to enhance dialogue, partnerships and inter-relationships in forestry at a global level. NGOs also can play an intermediary role between government and the private sector. They are becoming increasingly important in facilitating the transfer of technology, for promoting public awareness and negotiating on international environment issues. Government support for NGOs has enabled the organizations to perform their work better and more efficiently.The establishment of the Northeast Asian Forest Forum (NEAFF) in Mongolia and China is timely and meaningful in the sense that the Mongolian and Chinese governments are working diligently to plant trees and combat desertification. The governments are no longer able to tolerate environmental degradation accumulated over the past several decades. NEAFF in Seoul fully supports the collaborative efforts between Korea, China and Mongolia, universities and research institutions in Korea, and international tree-planting NGOs in the international campaign to plant trees on bare lands and desert in China and Mongolia. Such efforts to expand projects in reforestation and combating desertification, especially within the two countries, will provide opportunities for neighbouring countries to expand their dialogue, as well as bridge differences, by addressing common environmental issues across these regions. A network is being developed, and part of this work is already in progress to promote synergies and comparative research on the forest ecosystems of northeast Asian countries. The key to a successful network is the coordination of activities by the participating countries.     

我国生态农村建设之探索

生态农村建设是当前建设社会主义新农村的重大举措,论文从农村的生态环境、基础条件和农民意识等方面,探讨了农村生态环境存在的问题,指出了加快农村生态建设的重要性,提出了加强乡镇企业环境综合整治、完善体制机制建设、发展生态农业、开展生态文明教育等措施。针对我国农村生态建设的现状和特点,探索出一种适合我国农村实际情况的可持续发展模式:以经济发展为基础,以科技应用为支点,以政府干预为手段,以制度创新为导向,以法制完善为保障,以意识提高为导向的生态农村建设。     

森林认证在我国的可持续发展模式研究

在对国外森林认证进行分析研究的基础上,构建了一个森林认证在我国的可持续发展模式,该模式具有发挥政府的扶持与监督作用,推动企业经营持续改进等特点.从政府、认证机构、认证企业等方面提出构建我国森林认证的可持续发展模式的对策.     

泉州湾湿地生态旅游资源保护与开发刍议

泉州湾湿地是我国东南沿海典型湿地类型之一,其特殊的地理、自然条件和人类长期活动形成独特的湿地旅游资源,湿地多样性明显,但也伴随人为强度干预导致的景观脆弱性。为此,本文提出泉州湾湿地的保护和开发思路:①进行泉州湾湿地资源的本底调查,申报国家级湿地自然保护区;②制定湿地生态旅游发展规划,并逐步建立和完善生态旅游服务网络体系;③政府决策与社区参与相结合;④加强湿地旅游管理和环境影响评价。总之,泉州湾湿地旅游开发必须定位在生态旅游资源的保护开发,改变以往只重视其生产功能而忽视其生态、社会、文化功能的倾向,实现湿地资源的可持续利用。     

印度林业发展道路及经验

印度是个千年古国,在发展林业方面有着独到之处。几百年来印度林业经历了森林破坏阶段、巩固和保护阶段、开发和扩大阶段、集约经营阶段和生态林业阶段。作者对于印度发展社会林业、森林发展公司,以及缓解薪炭材危机所采取的对策作了重点介绍,同时还指出了存在的问题和采取的措施。     

基于AHP的我国民营科技企业技术创新战略模式选择

合理的技术创新战略模式是科技企业在竞争激烈的市场中获得持续竞争优势的关键,对企业有着深远影响。本研究首先对我国民营科技企业现状进行调查,将民营科技企业根据收入规模分为5类,并选取微小型民营科技企业为主要研究对象;然后构建我国民营科技企业合理的技术创新战略模式选择的层次结构,运用AHP的量化分析方法,以F公司为例,比较自主创新、模仿创新和合作创新3种创新模式,得出自主创新模式是与该公司能力及所处环境相适应的最合适创新战略;最后启示微小型民营科技企业应敢为天下先,坚持自主创新,获得无可取代的核心竞争优势,由此中国创造才有希望。     

Impacts of COVID-19 pandemic on urban park visitation:a global analysis

The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in over 33 million confirmed cases and over 1 million deaths globally,as of 1 October 2020.During the lockdown and restrictions placed on public activities and gatherings,green spaces have become one of the only sources of resilience amidst the coronavirus pandemic,in part because of their positive effects on psychological,physical and social cohesion and spiritual wellness.This study analyzes the impacts of COVID-19 and government response policies to the pandemic on park visitation at global,regional and national levels and assesses the importance of parks during this global pandemic.The data we collected primarily from Google's Community Mobility Reports and the Oxford Coronavirus Government Response Tracker.The results for most countries included in the analysis show that park visitation has increased since February 16 th,2020 compared to visitor numbers prior to the COVID-19 pandemic.Restrictions on social gathering,movement,and the closure of workplace and indoor recreational places,are correlated with more visits to parks.Stay-at-home restrictions and government stringency index are negatively associated with park visits at a global scale.Demand from residents for parks and outdoor green spaces has increased since the outbreak began,and highlights the important role and benefits provided by parks,especially urban and community parks,under the COVID-19 pandemic.We provide recommendations for park managers and other decision-makers in terms of park management and planning during health crises,as well as for park design and development.In particular,parks could be utilized during pandemics to increase the physical and mental health and social well-being of individuals.     

广西凤山县林下经济高质量发展建议

林下经济对于促进农民增收、加快林业产业结构调整步伐、巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果、推进乡村振兴具有重要作用。广西河池市凤山县近年来走出了一条具有特色的林下经济发展之路,但仍面临可持续发展资源匮乏、基础设施配套与生态环保存在短板、劳动力紧缺、技术人才不足、金融支持力度有待增强、精深加工龙头企业较少等制约因素。为推进凤山县林下经济高质量发展,巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果与乡村振兴的有效衔接,文中提出如下建议:1）加强管护工作,综合利用林下资源;2）加强金融税收支持,完善林下经济基础设施;3）加强科技支撑,促进林下经济人才培养;4）依靠龙头企业带动,促进林下经济"三化"发展经营。     

广州市中心城区古树名木的资源现状与开发利用

文章采用文献检索、实地调查和问卷调查的方法,分析了广州市人民政府1985—2008年公布的中心城区1~5批古树名木的资源现状及市民对其的认知度.结果表明,广州市中心城区古树名木种类丰富,共24科37属44种,主要分布在街道、公园、名胜古迹、企事业单位、宗教场所、学校等场所;目前古树名木的开发利用存在文化内涵未能合理利用、市民对古树名木的认知度不足且参与度不高等问题;建议在今后古树名木的开发利用中,结合园林景观、历史古迹、宗教文化、神话传说等内容,根据不同场所开展各种主题旅游活动,同时政府应加强对市民的宣传教育力度.     

Moving forward in collaborative forest management: Role of external actors for sustainable Forest socio-ecological systems

Collaborative Forest Management (CFM) of local forest users and governments promoted to achieve sustainable forest Social-Ecological Systems (SESs) by consolidating strengths of these actors. Although much of the writings on CFM acknowledge its potential to deliver sustainable SESs, knowledge about what specific role of government can strengthen local forest management and utilization is still poor at best. This study aims to fill the gap by analyzing meta-data from International Forestry Resources and Institutions (IFRI) database for 77 SESs (IFRI sites) in seven countries. We used Ordinal logistic regression to model association between government's Forester Department involvement in important forest management activities and sustainability of forest SES. Our result shows that Forester Department involvement in planting, forest maintenance activities and forest benefit sharing among forest users are associated with sustainable SESs while their involvement in monitoring, sanctioning and transfer of local people harvest right are associated with unsustainable SESs. Our finding has important implications for the ongoing local to global level discourse on how to structure appropriate government interventions to achieve positive social and environmental outcomes from local forest management. However, we suggest precaution not to overstretch the implication of our findings as a panacea for CFM.     

园林植物挥发性气体对人体健康的影响

城市大面积种植园林植物,而园林植物的挥发性气体能直接或间接地对人体的身心健康产生影响,需引起广泛关注。园林植物的挥发性气体对人体健康的影响直接表现在对人体心理、生理的响应,或通过改变城市环境等间接途径来影响人体健康。在心理方面,植物挥发性气体能调节情绪及舒缓压力,提高认知能力和想象力,有积极的心理暗示作用;在生理方面,植物挥发性气体能产生刺激作用,减低血压,调节心率和脑活动,提高人体免疫力。植物挥发性气体还可以通过抑制微生物生长、调控昆虫行为、影响城市生态环境等方面间接改善人体健康。因挥发性气体的化学成分较为复杂,既会对人体有一定功效,也会产生一定负面影响。在进行康复景观植物规划与设计时,可根据植物挥发性气体的作用来进行植物选择和群落配置,以实现植物景观对人体康健的作用。     

Technical innovation in Spain's wood-based industry: The role of environmental and quality strategies

This paper uses a logit model to quantify the probability of generating technological innovations in a representative sample of firms belonging to the wood-based industry in Spain (lumber and wood products, pulp and paper, and wooden furniture). Special attention has been paid to the incidence of environmental and quality strategies in firms as being determinant factors of innovation. Econometric results have indicated that these two strategies have increased innovation generation in the wood-based industry. In general, environmental and quality strategies tend to exert positive effects on the specific innovation activities of firms, in spite of the fact that a substitution relationship was found between the existence of quality management systems and R&D subsidies.