瘦肉型猪育肥要点

猪可分为瘦肉型、脂肪型和兼用型三大类。而瘦肉型猪以其瘦肉率较高而深受市场欢迎。从国外引进的丹麦长白、大约克夏、汉普夏、杜洛克猪都属于瘦肉型品种。这些猪在90kg时屠宰,胴体瘦肉率一股在63％～68％。目前,我国主要靠引进上述瘦肉型种公猪与当     

瘦肉型猪饲料添加花粉试验

浙江省江山市年产花粉200多吨.花粉含有大量蛋白质、氨基酸、维生素、酶、矿物质、活性物质和多种微量元素等,是天然营养食品.为探索花粉对瘦肉型猪的增重关系,充分利用花粉资源,发展养猪业,我们特进行了本试验.     

高瘦肉型和中等瘦肉型猪对日粮中B族维生素的需求

为了确定在饮食中添加5种B族维生素(核黄素、烟酸、泛酸、钴胺素和叶酸)对快速和中等瘦肉生长型猪9～28 kg体重时生长状况的影响,我们分别取这两个不同品系中同窝出生的5头仔猪共10组来进行研究。所有的猪(个体限位)都被隔离饲养,并且早期断奶这样就使每个品系猪的瘦肉生长潜能能够充分地发挥出来。基础日粮中添加的这五种待测维生素的浓度分别相当于(NRC,1998)中规定的5～10 kg体重猪规定需求量的全部或其生物学效价的70%。在达到9±0.9 kg体重时,同窝的5头猪分别被饲喂了添加5种维生素,并且其生物学效价分别达到0%、100%、200%、300%或400%NRC中规定需求量的基础日粮。结果显示高瘦肉型猪品系饲料消耗少、增重快、较中等瘦肉型猪效率高,在两个瘦肉型品系中,随着日粮中维生素B添加量增多其生长速度和效率也都会提高(P<0.01)。然而,日粮中维生素B的添加量需要优化,料重比在高瘦肉型品系中(>470%NRC,1998)较中等瘦肉型品系(270%)高(P<0.03)。数据表明:日粮中需要添加1倍或更多的NRC规定的这五种维生素的饲喂量,特别对于瘦肉组织生长快的品系更需如此。这些维生素需求的增多与过多的日粮能量摄入和体能增长速率无关,其可能是由于其主要的代谢途径改变所造成的。     

瘦肉型猪日粮配方的研究

瘦肉型猪的营养需要是指生长发育猪在一定的条件下,在生命活动和进行生产时对能量、蛋白、各种必要氨基酸、矿物质和其他一些营养物质的需要,以及这些营养素之间的配比关系。只有认真研究猪对各种营养物质的需要量及其变化规律,才能达到缩短肥育期、降低饲养成本、提高酮体瘦肉率和整个养猪生产的目的。本文拟用试差法和单纯形法相结合的方法进行瘦肉型猪日粮的研究,找出适于瘦肉型猪的最宜营养水平,以期取得饲料成本低,瘦肉率高的日粮配方效果。     

配合饲料添加油菜花粉与瘦肉型猪增重关系的试验

我市养蜂19万箱,年产花粉200多吨.花粉含有大量蛋白质、氨基酸、维生素、酶、矿物质、活性物质、激素和多种微量元素等,是天然营养食品.为探索花粉对瘦肉型猪的增重关系,充分利用花粉资源,为发展养猪业服务,特进行本试验. 一、材料和方法 1、油菜花粉.系浙江省江山市福赐德蜂业公司提供,1990年产,新鲜未变质. 2、瘦肉型猪,系养猪专业户姜某提供,品种系杜洛克、长白,大约克三元杂交小猪30头,猪年龄、体重基本相等,在试验前半个月进行驱虫和预防注射猪瘟、猪丹毒疫苗.     

瘦肉型猪概述

从20世纪六十年代以来,国外养猪业向瘦肉型方向转变是一个显著的特点。培育瘦肉型猪,提高生猪瘦肉率,已成为养猪业的发展趋势。我国近几年来也提出了发展瘦肉型猪的规划,全国对瘦肉型猪的要求:1985年出栏瘦     

瘦肉型猪综合育肥技术

如何才能低成本、快速度、高效益地育肥商品瘦肉型猪?实践证明,只有采取综合饲养措施,实行科学管理。为此,将瘦肉型猪育肥综合技术介绍如下: 一、选好猪种 猪可分为瘦肉型、脂肪型和兼用型     

保持瘦肉型母猪高繁殖力的几项关键技术

随着人民生活水平的提高和消费习惯的改变,市场对瘦肉型猪的需求量越来越大,饲养瘦肉型猪必将成养猪业的主流。但是由于国外主要瘦肉型猪种普遍存在母性不强,繁殖力不高的弱点,探索这方面的技术成为当务之急。本站作为省农业三项工程示范点,一直从事良种畜禽的引繁推广工作,多年的实践发现,要保持瘦肉型母猪较高的繁殖力,必需做好以下几方面的工作。1母猪选择以苏太母猪等培育品种为首选。由于苏太母猪导入杜洛克等国外品种的血统,在后代母猪群体中大部分母猪保留了太湖猪母性较强、繁殖力较高的优点。但有部分母猪存在母性不强、性情燥、乳…     

提高瘦肉型猪瘦肉率的途径

瘦肉型猪是指屠宰后胴体膘薄、瘦肉率高的品种猪。这些品种猪是经过长时间的精心培育并在一定的饲养条件下,保持稳定的瘦肉生产能力的优良猪种。这类猪生长瘦肉的能力强,胴体瘦肉多,脂肪少,瘦肉占胴体重的60％以上。由于瘦肉型猪产肉多,经济效益高,是当前和今后饲养商品猪的发展方向。做繁殖用的瘦肉型公猪和母猪,称为瘦肉型种猪。用瘦肉型种公猪与瘦肉率低的本地土种或地方优良品种杂交,可以提高杂种后代的瘦肉率。     

瘦肉型猪场供料体系

瘦肉型猪场供料体系熊火印（江西省动物营养研究中心）体系制订依据和措施：１不同生理阶段瘦肉型猪，有不同的营养需求，根据各阶段营养需求特点分别配制全价日粮，方能最有效地发挥瘦肉型猪的生产潜能，并使猪场取得的经济效益最大。２集约化猪场，猪群离开了日光、土壤...     

Simulation of lean lamb production systems

A series of simulations were performed to evaluate the effects of mature size (WMA; 60, 70, 80 and 90 kg), slaughter weight (SW; 55, 60 and 65 kg) and three diets fed to feedlot lambs. Rations included a traditional diet (C2L) or placing weaned lambs on alfalfa for either 30 (A30) or 60 (A60) d before placing them on the C2L diet (A30-C2L and A60-C2L). Two lamb pricing schemes were used in the financial analysis of the biological results: sale price based on weight with or without adjustment for carcass fat. Placing lambs on alfalfa pasture increased ownership by 22 d on average compared to C2L. As WMA and SW increased, ownership increased from 3 to 11 d. Across nutritional treatments, fat decreased by 5.8 to 9.0% as WMA increased from 60 and 90 kg. When market lambs were priced on weight, net returns per lamb were greatest for A30-C2L or A60-C2L ($2.34 and $5.21, respectively above C2L) and for greater SW ($4.77 and $7.16 greater for SW 60 and 65 kg than for SW 55). The combination WMA of 90 kg, a SW of 65 kg and nutritional treatment of A60-C2L proved most profitable. However, when sale price was discounted for excessive fat content, the combinations WMA of 60 or 70 with a SW of 65 and A60-C2L were most profitable. The rank correlation between biological efficiency (weight gain/dry matter feed consumption) and net return, when sale price was based on weight, was found to be -.51. This was because lambs slaughtered at lighter weights had high biological efficiencies but low net returns due to a negative price margin. With negative price margins but positive feeding margins, net returns are greatest for heavier, fatter lambs fed longer.     

用精益擦亮眼睛(1)——兼谈英惠尔公司的精益生产案例

<正>1概述经济全球化的迅猛发展与技术变革的日新月异,使全世界的经济环境发生了深刻变化,使当今的企业管理面临诸多挑战。由于市场经济的发展,买方市场上的企业竞争和全球市场一体化带来的国际竞争日益加重了企业应对市场变化     

用精益擦亮眼睛(2)——兼谈英惠尔公司的精益生产案例

<正>4英惠尔为何要推行精益生产?4.1学习型组织的内在驱动英惠尔成立近10年,经过艰苦探索与不懈努力,业务发展取得了长足进步,在国内饲料添加剂行业居于领先地位,并且已经摸索出了一整套行之有效的市场营销模式。根据公司长远发展     

瘦肉型商品猪杂交组合筛选

试验采用公猪有杜洛克(杜)、汉普夏(汉)、约克夏(约),杂种母猪有约克夏×长白(约长)、约克夏×苏白(约苏)、梅山×长白(梅长),杂交方式为杜×约长、杜×约苏、汉×约长、汉×约苏、约×梅长5种.每一组合配种30窝.从每个组合的后代中挑选12～14头仔猪作肥育试验,180日龄时各挑选4头猪作屠宰测定.试验结果经方差分析,产仔数、180日龄活重,各组合间差异不显著(P>0.05);各组合料肉比为2.95～3.29,90kg屠宰各组合瘦肉率(除约×梅长51.14%外)均高于55%.结果表明,在主要生产性能上各组合差异不显著,杜洛克、汉普夏、约克夏均可作为三元杂交的终端父本.     

现代瘦肉型妊娠母猪的营养需要

随着养猪技术不断提高,猪品种选育不断进步,我国现代瘦肉型品种猪已经逐步取代了传统的肉脂型品种,而瘦肉型优良品种对营养的要求更加敏感.本文将现代瘦肉型妊娠母猪的营养需要特点及饲料配制方法作以阐述.     

怎样训练犬"跳靠"

在训练犬“前来”时,要求犬来到训犬员面前后,主动靠训犬员左侧坐好。这时一般有以下几种情况一是在犬前来到训犬员面前坐下后,令犬从右侧绕到左侧坐下：二是在犬前来至训犬员面前坐下后,令犬原地起跳靠训犬员左侧坐下．三是在犬前来至训犬员面前时,命令奔跑中的犬直接跃起、前冲、接触训犬员身体后,犬自动调转体位,在落地的同时,完成靠训犬员左侧坐下的动作。     

Subjective and objective evaluation of veal lean color

Because veal lean color continues to be a primary factor that determines veal carcass value and is typically assessed by subjective means, it is important to explore objective methods for color assessment. Objective and subjective evaluations of veal flank and breast lean color were compared as predictors of longissimus lean color at 24 h postmortem. One hundred fifty special-fed Holstein veal calves were Kosher-slaughtered with blood samples collected upon exsanguination and analyzed for hematocrit and hemoglobin content. Lean color was evaluated in the flank and breast at 0, 6, 12, and 24 h postmortem. Color of the longissimus was evaluated at 6 h, when possible, and at 24 h. A panel of three trained individuals used a 5-point color standard developed in the Netherlands to visually evaluate lean color. A Minolta Chromameter CR-300 was used to obtain L*, a*, and b* values. A plant employee assigned packer grades at slaughter. Temperature and pH were also measured at each time period. Hemoglobin was more highly correlated than hematocrit with colorimeter values. Hemoglobin levels correlated well with a* values of the flank at 0 h postmortem (r = 0.52) although the correlation declined at 24 h (r = 0.30). The correlation between packer grades and 24-h visual loin color was r = 0.41. Visual loin color at 24 h postmortem was selected as the predicted variable for regression analysis. Temperature and pH did not contribute significantly to any prediction equations. The equation using breast L*, a*, and b* values at 24 h postmortem to predict 24-h loin color gave a higher prediction coefficient (R2 = 0.44) than the corresponding equation using 0-h breast values (R2 = 0.28). Objective measurement of lean color may be useful in veal carcass grading because it is more precise than subjective methods and would allow for uniformity among processing plants.     

Ultrasound prediction of intramuscular fat content in lean cattle

Accuracy and precision of intramuscular fat prediction by ultrasound (USIMF) in lean cattle were studied by developing a prediction model based on 172 pure and crossbred beef and dual purpose bulls and steers from commercial herds. The animals were scanned across the 13th thoracic vertebrae using a Pie 200 SLC scanner. Five images were collected per individual. A 2.5 cm cross sectional muscle sample at the 13th thoracic vertebrae was collected from each carcass for chemical analysis of intramuscular fat % (CHIMF; Mean 2.0%, SD 1.5%) at the scanning site. The prediction model was developed using stepwise regression procedures. The validation model R², RMSE, overall mean bias, SEP and r_P correlation between CHIMF and USIMF based on the final prediction model was 0.80, 0.66%, − 0.15%, 0.65% and 0.90, respectively. The rank correlations varied over the CHIMF parameter space (from 0.26 to 0.87). The causes of this and the implications that follow are discussed. The overall results imply that ultrasound can predict IMF in lean cattle with acceptably high accuracy and precision. Ultrasound may thus be a valuable selection tool for meat quality in such cattle populations. The importance of developing optimised prediction models, based on data representative for the actual population, is highly emphasised.     

Effect of dietary protein on lean body wasting in dogs: correlation between loss of lean mass and markers of proteasome-dependent proteolysis

To determine the effect of dietary protein intake on lean body wasting in adult canines a study was undertaken to investigate the Ubiquitin Proteasome (UP) pathway and concurrent changes in lean and fat body mass of canines fed variable sources and concentrations of dietary protein. Purpose-bred, intact female canines (56) between the ages of 2 and 3 years were fed either 12 or 28% protein diet for 10 weeks. Each diet contained variable amounts of corn gluten meal and chicken protein sources in ratios of 100 : 0, 67 : 33, 33 : 67 and 0 : 100 per cent (w/w), respectively. All diets were isocaloric with calories coming from protein : fat : carbohydrate at the respective ratios of 12 : 40 : 48% for the 12% diets, and 28 : 40 : 32% for the 28% diets. Standard dual energy X-ray absorptiometry was performed to assess total body lean and fat mass at weeks 0 and 10 of the dietary trial. Muscle biopsies were also taken and processed for protein determination and standard gel electrophoresis with subsequent Western blotting for 20S proteasome and PA700 regulatory cap subunit p31. Statistical analysis revealed a moderate degree of correlation between increasing quantities of corn gluten, which is low in essential amino acids (i.e. lysine, tryptophan), and increasing loss of lean body mass over the 10-week study (R = 0.56). Furthermore, a moderate degree of correlation was observed between increasing concentrations of corn gluten protein and decreased expression of the p31 subunit of the 26S proteasome (R = 0.49). Additionally, the dogs consuming the 12% protein diets had a significant increase in fat mass regardless of the protein source. These findings suggest that lean body wasting in adult canines can be associated with the consumption of low protein diets consisting of predominantly corn gluten, which is likely due to imbalances or subclinical deficiencies of specific essential amino acids, and that low protein diets may augment accumulation of adipose tissue. Although the mechanisms remain unclear, alteration of molecular targets of skeletal muscle proteolysis, specifically involving the UP pathway occur.