赤芍水提物与抗菌药联合对耐药大肠杆菌抑菌作用的研究

为了探究赤芍水提物与抗菌药联合对耐药大肠杆菌的体外抑菌作用,采用微量肉汤稀释法与微量棋盘法来测定各抗菌药与赤芍水提物的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)及二者联合作用后的分级抑菌浓度指数(FICI)。结果显示赤芍水提物与头孢曲松钠、阿莫西林、环丙沙星、诺氟沙星、左旋氧氟沙星、磷霉素、痢菌净、克林沙星、磺胺间甲氧嘧啶、加替沙星、阿米卡星、头孢他啶、林可霉素、头孢噻呋钠、氟苯尼考、阿奇霉素、头孢噻肟、利福平联合作用后的FICI分别为0.27、2.50、1.02、1.01、3.00、0.28、1.02、1.02、1.02、2.02、1.02、0.75、0.56、0.75、0.50、3.00、0.75、0.38。结果表明赤芍水提物与头孢曲松钠、磷霉素、氟苯尼考、利福平联合作用时有协同作用;与林可霉素、头孢噻呋钠、头孢噻肟、头孢他啶联合作用时有相加作用;与阿莫西林、左旋氧氟沙星、加替沙星、阿奇霉素联合作用时有颉颃作用;与环丙沙星、诺氟沙星、痢菌净、克林沙星、磺胺间甲氧嘧啶、阿米卡星联合作用时表现为无关作用。     

透骨草含药血清与西药联合对产ESBLs E.coli的体外抑菌作用

为了探讨透骨草含药血清与抗菌药联合对产ESBLs大肠杆菌的抑菌作用,采用棋盘法测定透骨草含药血清与抗菌药联合的FIC指数。透骨草含药血清与头孢曲松钠、头孢他啶、头孢噻肟钠、头孢噻呋钠、阿莫西林、阿米卡星、黏杆菌素、磺胺间甲氧嘧啶(SMM)、环丙沙星、诺氟沙星、左旋氧氟沙星、乙酰甲喹、克林沙星、加替沙星、林可霉素、强力霉素、氟苯尼考、阿奇霉素、磷霉素联合作用后的FIC分别为:0.75、1.00、0.28、0.75、>2.00、0.75、>2.00、>2.00、0.26、0.26、0.26、0.50、0.50、1.00、0.50、>3.00、0.26、0.38、1.25。结果显示:透骨草含药血清与环丙沙星、诺氟沙星、左旋氧氟沙星、乙酰甲喹、克林沙星、林可霉素、氟苯尼考、阿奇霉素、头孢噻肟钠体外联合作用为协同作用;与头孢曲松钠、加替沙星、阿米卡星、头孢他啶、头孢噻呋钠体外联合作用为相加作用;与阿莫西林、强力霉素、黏杆菌素、磺胺间甲氧嘧啶体外联合作用为拮抗作用;与磷霉素体外联合作用为无关作用。     

香蕉茎秆水煮液联合西药抗菌药对产CTX-M型超广谱β-内酰胺酶大肠杆菌的抑菌效果研究

为了研究香蕉茎秆水煮液联合西药抗菌药对产CTX-M型超广谱β-内酰胺酶大肠杆菌的抑菌效果,应用微量肉汤二倍稀释法测定香蕉茎秆水煮液及阿莫西林、阿米卡星、磷霉素、恩诺沙星、痢菌净、阿奇霉素、利福平、磺胺间甲氧嘧啶钠、头孢噻呋钠等19种西药抗菌药物对产CTX-M型超广谱β-内酰胺酶大肠杆菌的最小抑菌浓度(MICs);采用棋盘法检测香蕉茎秆水煮液与19种西药抗菌药物对产CTX-M型超广谱β-内酰胺酶大肠杆菌联合抑菌作用,通过计算其最小部分抑菌浓度指数(FICI)来判断药物相互作用效应。结果发现,香蕉茎秆水煮液与痢菌净、磷霉素联用时,FICI≤0.5,表现为协同效应;香蕉茎秆水煮液与头孢曲松钠、头孢他啶、头孢噻呋钠、头孢噻肟、阿莫西林、磺胺间甲氧嘧啶钠、阿奇霉素、氟苯尼考及利福平联用时,0.5FICI≤1,表现为相加效应;香蕉茎秆水煮液与环丙沙星、左旋氧氟沙星及林可霉素联用时,1FICI≤2,表现为无关效应;香蕉茎秆水煮液与克林沙星及加替沙星联用时,FICI2,表现为颉颃效应。由该试验结果可以得出,香蕉茎秆水煮液与部分西药抗菌药联合使用能增强其对产CTX-M型超广谱β-内酰胺酶大肠杆菌的抑菌效果。     

迷迭香酸与抗菌药联合对含fosA3基因细菌抑菌效果的研究

试验旨在探讨迷迭香酸与抗菌药联合体外抗含fosA3耐药基因大肠杆菌的效果。本试验对临床分离的细菌进行鉴定,确定细菌所含耐药基因种类,用牛津杯法测定迷迭香酸的抑菌活性,平板涂布法测定迷迭香酸的杀菌活性,采用96孔反应板二倍微量稀释法分别检测迷迭香酸与抗菌药的最小抑菌浓度(MIC),再用微量棋盘稀释法测定迷迭香酸与抗菌药联合作用后的分级抑菌浓度指数(FICI)。结果显示,分离到含fosA3耐药基因大肠杆菌;迷迭香酸的MIC为640 μg/mL,迷迭香酸与环丙沙星、左旋氧氟沙星、黏杆菌素、加替沙星、阿米卡星、头孢他啶、头孢噻呋钠联合应用后其FICI≤0.5,有协同作用;与头孢曲松钠、诺氟沙星、痢菌净联合应用后0.5fosA3基因大肠杆菌有一定的抑菌活性和杀菌活性,其与部分抗菌药联合应用后,抗菌药体外抗菌活性显著增强。     

秦皮水提取物与部分西药对含fosA3大肠杆菌的联合作用

本试验初步探讨秦皮水提取物与抗菌药联合诱导含fosA3型耐药基因大肠杆菌传代的体外抑菌活性,为耐药大肠杆菌感染疾病提供治疗参考方案。采用二倍微量稀释法体外分别检测秦皮水提取物与抗菌药物的最小抑菌浓度(MIC),并以1/2 MIC的秦皮水提取物与抗菌药联合诱导含(fosfomycin resistance gene,FosA3)型大肠杆菌的传代试验。秦皮水提取物的MIC为1.0g/mL,以0.5g/mL的秦皮水提取物与头孢曲松钠、阿莫西林、诺氟沙星、粘杆菌素、痢菌净、磺胺间甲氧嘧啶、阿米卡星、头孢他啶、头孢噻呋钠、氟苯尼考和磷霉素11种抗菌药联合诱导传代后MIC显著降低。结果显示:秦皮水提取物联合抗菌药诱导耐药细菌体外抗菌活性明显增强,对含fosA3型大肠杆菌具有耐药逆转作用。     

倒扣草水煮液和抗菌药联用对3株多重耐药大肠杆菌的体外抑菌效果研究

倒扣草是一种抗炎、抗菌、抗肿瘤的常见中药,为了倒扣草水煮液对3株多重耐药大肠杆菌的抑菌效果,采用微量肉汤二倍稀释法测定倒扣草水煮液与头孢曲松钠、阿莫西林、头孢噻呋钠、环丙沙星、克林沙星、磷霉素、氟苯尼考、利福平等抗菌药的最小抑菌浓度(MICs);采用微量棋盘稀释法测定1/2MIC倒扣草水煮液与不同浓度抗菌药联用时的最小抑菌分级指数(FICI);结合3株多重耐药大肠杆菌的MICs与FICI值,选取3种耐药基因超广谱β-内酰胺类耐药基因CTX-M、氟苯尼考耐药基因floR、磷霉素fos A3进行PCR扩增。结果表明,倒扣草对多重耐药大肠杆菌具有一定的抑菌效果,其中对产CTX-M型大肠杆菌E1,倒扣草水提液与头孢噻肟、环丙沙星、利福平呈现相加效应;对产floR型大肠杆菌E2,倒扣草水提液与氟苯尼考、头孢噻肟、克林沙星、利福平呈现协同或相加效应;对产CTX-M型大肠杆菌E3,倒扣草水提液与磷霉素、利福平、黏杆菌素、痢菌净及氟苯尼考呈现协同或相加效应。倒扣草水煮液与部分抗菌药联用可降低抗菌药对多重耐药大肠杆菌的最小抑菌浓度(MICs),对畜牧业减少或降低抗菌药的使用有着实际意义。     

穿心莲中药血清联合抗菌药对含fosA3大肠杆菌的作用研究

为了探讨穿心莲中药血清与抗菌药联合体外抗含耐磷霉素基因fos A3(Fosfomycin Resistance Gene)大肠杆菌的效果,对临床分离的细菌进行鉴定,确定细菌所含耐药基因种类,采用二倍微量稀释法分别体外检测穿心莲水提取物,中药血清与抗菌药物的最小抑菌浓度(MIC),并以1/2 MIC的穿心莲中药血清与抗菌药联合诱导含fos A3大肠杆菌的传代试验。结果显示,分离的菌株为含fos A3大肠杆菌;穿心莲水提物的MIC为1.0 g/m L,中药血清的MIC为1.0 m L/m L,以0.5 m L/m L的穿心莲中药血清与头孢曲松钠、阿莫西林、诺氟沙星、粘杆菌素、痢菌净、磺胺间甲氧嘧啶、阿米卡星、头孢他啶、头孢噻呋钠、氟苯尼考和磷霉素等11种抗菌药联合诱导传代后MIC显著降低。表明穿心莲中药血清联合抗菌药体外诱导含fos A3大肠杆菌,抗菌活性明显增强,并对含fos A3型大肠杆菌具有一定的耐药逆转作用。     

中药野菊花提取物与抗菌药联合对产ESBLs大肠杆菌抑制效果研究

试验旨在探讨野菊花提取物与抗菌药联合作用对产超广谱β-内酰胺酶（extended spectrum β-lactamases, ESBLs）大肠杆菌的体外抑制效果,为野菊花的进一步开发利用提供理论依据。采用2倍微量稀释法和中西药联合诱导传代法测定野菊花提取物、抗菌药及联合作用后的最小抑菌浓度（minimal inhibitory concentration,MIC）。结果显示,野菊花水提物对该耐药大肠杆菌的MIC值为250 mg/mL,且在野菊花水提物亚抑菌浓度（1/2 MIC）作用下进行中西药联合传代,其与头孢曲松钠、头孢噻呋钠、头孢噻肟钠、氟苯尼考、痢菌净、阿米卡星、林可霉素7种抗菌药联合作用后,抗菌药的MIC值明显降低。表明野菊花水提物能够显著降低产ESBLs大肠杆菌对部分抗菌药的敏感性。     

联合用药对禽源沙门氏菌的体外抑菌试验

研究阿莫西林、强力霉素、多粘菌素、头孢拉定、痢菌净分别和多种抗菌药联用在体外对沙门氏菌的抑制效果,为临床联合用药提供试验依据.采用棋盘微量测定法,强力霉素、阿莫西林、多粘菌素、头孢拉定、痢菌净分别与头孢噻肟钠、克林霉素、阿奇霉素、头孢曲松钠、阿莫西林、头孢哌酮、磷霉素、哌拉西林、甲硝唑、加替沙星、克林沙星、氨苄西林钠、乳糖酸红霉素组合,观察对沙门氏菌的抑菌或杀菌效果,测定对沙门氏菌的最小抑菌浓度(MIC),并计算出了部分抑菌浓度(FIC指数).结果表明:强力霉素与阿莫西林、甲硝唑;阿莫西林与阿奇霉素、磷霉素钠;多粘菌素与克林霉素、阿奇霉素、阿莫西林、磷霉素钠;头孢拉定与氨苄西林钠、阿莫西林;痢菌净与阿莫西林、磷霉素钠、氨苄西林钠的联合使用对该株禽源沙门氏杆菌的体外抗菌活性较强,呈协同作用.强力霉素与阿奇霉素、磷霉素联合使用,阿莫西林和哌拉西林、红霉素联合使用,多粘菌素与哌拉西林,头孢拉定和林霉素钠、哌拉西林多粘菌素的联合使用,痢菌净与甲硝唑、多粘菌素的联合使用对禽源沙门氏菌表现出相加作用.     

金不换水提取物与抗菌药联合对含NDM-1不动杆菌的体外作用研究

本试验旨在探讨金不换水提取物与抗菌药联合对含新德里金属β-内酰胺酶-1 (New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase-1,NDM-1)基因不动杆菌传代的体外抑菌活性,为金不换的综合利用提供参考依据。试验采用二倍微量稀释法体外分别检测金不换水提取物与抗菌药对受试菌的最小抑菌浓度(MIC),并以亚抑菌浓度(即1/2 MIC)的金不换水提取物与抗菌药联合作用对含NDM-1不动杆菌进行传代。结果显示,金不换水提取物的MIC为0.25 g/mL,以0.125 g/mL的金不换水提取物与头孢曲松钠、阿莫西林、头孢噻肟、痢菌净、磺胺间甲氧嘧啶、头孢他啶、头孢噻呋钠、美罗培南8种抗菌药联合作用传代后MIC明显降低。综上所述,金不换水提取物部分联合抗菌药诱导耐药细菌体外抗菌活性明显增强,对含NDM-1的不动杆菌具有一定的抑菌作用。     

Study on the Antibacterial Effects of Queous Extract of Phryma leptostachya L.var. asiatica Hara Combined with Antibiotics in vitro against ESBLs-producing E.coli

In order to study the antibacterial effects in vitro of the aqueous extracts of Phryma leptostachya L.var.asiatica Hara combined with antibiotics against ESBLs-producing E.coli,we used broth micro-dilution method and micro-dilution checker-board technique to measure the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and the fractional inhibitory concentrations index (FICI) of Phryma leptostachya L.var.asiatica Hara and antibiotics.The results showed that the FICI of Phryma leptostachya L.var.asiatica Hara combined with ceftriaxone sodium,ceftazidime,cefotaxime sodium,ceftiofur sodium,amoxicillin,amikacin,azithromycin,fosfomycin,colistin,sulfamonomethoxine,rifampicin,ciprofloxacin,norfloxacin,levofloxacin,mequindox,lincomycin were 0.75,0.75,1.00,0.75,0.53,0.51,0.75,4.5,4.5,4.5,4.5 and 2.5,respectively.The results of the tests indicated that the aqueous extracts of Phryma leptostachya L.var.asiatica Hara combining with ceftriaxone sodium,ceftazidime,cefotaxime sodium,ceftiofur sodium,amoxicillin,amikacin,azithromycin,fosfomycin,colistin,sulfamonomethoxine and rifampicin showed additive effect;Combining with ciprofloxacin,norfloxacin,levofloxacin,mequindox and lincomycin had the antagonistic effect.     

Study on the Effect of the Rosemarinic Acid Combined with Antibacterial Agents on the Bacterial with Gene fosA3

This research was aimed to investigate the effect of rosemarinic acid combined with antibacterial agents against bacterial carrying gene fosA3 in vitro.Resistance gene types were determined by identification of bacteria isolated in clinics.Antibacterial activity and fungicidal activity of rosemarinic acid were tested by oxford cup method and spread-plate method.The minimal inhibiton concertration (MIC) of rosemarinic acid and antibacterial agents were tested through twice micro-dilution method,fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) of rosemarinic acid combined with antibacterial agents were determined by microdilution checkerboard techniques.Escheriohia coli carrying multidrug resistance gene fosA3 was isolated.The MIC of rosemarinic acid was 640 μg/mL,when application of rosemarinic acid combined with ciprofloxacin,levofloxacin,coly-mycin,gatifloxacin,amikacin,ceftazidime,ceftiofur sodium,FICI≤0.5,showed an additive effect;With ceftriaxone sodium,norfloxacin,mequindox,0.5fosA3 Escheriohia coli.Antibacterial activities of antibacterial agents against the fosfomycin resistance gene fosA3 Escherichia coli were enhanced significantly by rosemarinic acid.     

五种抗生素联合应用对大肠杆菌抗菌效果

研究亚胺培南与头孢曲松钠、亚胺培南与头孢噻肟钠、丁胺卡那与痢菌净在体外联合应用对于大肠杆菌ATCC25922的抗菌效果。测定各种药物对于大肠杆菌ATCC25922的最小抑菌浓度,应用棋盘微量稀释法测定亚胺培南与头孢曲松钠、亚胺培南与头孢噻肟钠、丁胺卡那与痢菌净对大肠杆菌ATCC25922的抑菌效果。结果显示,亚胺培南与头孢曲松钠、亚胺培南与头孢噻肟钠、丁胺卡那与痢菌净联合应用对大肠杆菌ATCC25922呈现协同作用。亚胺培南与头孢曲松钠、亚胺培南与头孢噻肟钠、丁胺卡那与痢菌净的联合应用大大减少了药物用量,提高了药物效果,为临床用药提供理论支持。     

Study on the Effects of Stephania delavayi Diels Water Extracts Combined with Antibiotics on NDM-1-producing Acinetobacter in Vitro

The study was aimed to investigate the antibacterial activity of NDM-1-producing Acinetobacter in vitro induced by water extracts of Stephania delavayi Diels combined with antibacterial agents, and provide reference for the utilization of Stephania delavayi Diels.The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of water extracts of Stephania delavayi Diels and antibacterial agents were tested through twice micro-dilution method.NDM-1-producing Acinetobacter were induced and subcultured by the 1/2 MIC of water extracts of Stephania delavayi Diels combined with antibacterial agents.The results showed that the MIC of water extracts of Stephania delavayi Diels was 0.250 g/mL.The MIC of NDM-1-producing Acinetobacter was decreased obviously after inducing by 0.125 g/mL of water extracts of Stephania delavayi Diels combined with 8 antibacterial agents, such as ceftriaxone sodium, amoxicillin, cefotaxime sodium, mequindox, sulfamonomethoxine, ceftazidime, ceftiofur sodium and meropenem.Antibacterial activities of antibacterial agents against NDM-1-producing Acinetobacter were enhanced obviously by combining with water extracts of Stephania delavayi Diels, and this combination could inhibit NDM-1-producing Acinetobacter to a certain degree.     

Antibacterial Effect of Aqueous Extract of Chrysanthemum indicum L.Combined with Antibiotics on Extended Spectrum β-lactamases-producing Escherichia coli

The experiment was done to investigate the antibacterial effect of aqueous extract from Chrysanthemum indicum L. combined with antibiotics on extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs)-producing E. coli,and aimed to offer theoretical basis for its further development.The ESBLs-producing E.coli was induced to passage by combining Chinese herbal medicine with antibacterial drugs.Then the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of medicines were determined with double microdilution method.The results showed that the MIC of Chrysanthemum indicum L.aqueous extract was 250 mg/mL.And the MIC of ceftriaxone,ceftiofur sodium,cefotaxime,florfenicol,mequindox,amikacin and lincomycin decreased significantly after combining with 1/2 MIC of Chrysanthemum indicum L.aqueous extract.This research showed that aqueous extract Chrysanthemum indicum L.could increase the antibiotic sensitivity of the ESBLs-producing E.coli.     

穿心莲水提物与10种临床常用抗菌药联用的体外抑菌试验

为研究穿心莲水提物与临床常用10种抗菌药联用对鸡致病性大肠杆菌的体外抑菌效果,本试验采用传统的水提法制备穿心莲中药液并浓缩至浓度为1 g/mL,用琼脂平板稀释法测定穿心莲水提物分别与阿莫西林、头孢曲松等10种常用抗菌药物联用对临床分离的10株鸡致病性大肠杆菌的体外抑菌作用。结果表明,穿心莲和头孢曲松、穿心莲和氟苯尼考联用100%呈现协同作用;穿心莲和头孢噻呋联用90%呈现协同作用,10%呈现无关作用;穿心莲和大观霉素联用80%呈现协同作用,20%呈现无关作用;穿心莲和林可霉素联用50%呈现协同作用,40%为无关或颉颃作用,10%为无关作用;穿心莲与阿莫西林、安普霉素、阿米卡星、多西环素、恩诺沙星联用以无关或颉颃作用为主。以上结果表明,在体外,穿心莲与头孢曲松、头孢噻呋、大观霉素、氟苯尼考联用对鸡致病性大肠杆菌呈现协同作用,与阿莫西林、安普霉素、阿米卡星、林可霉素、多西环素、恩诺沙星联用呈现无关或颉颃作用。