补饲复合微生态制剂对泌乳期伊犁母马血液生化指标及抗氧化能力的影响

试验旨在研究补饲复合微生态制剂对泌乳期伊犁母马血液生化指标及抗氧化能力的影响.根据年龄、胎次、泌乳月龄相近的原则选择泌乳期伊犁母马24匹,随机分为4组,分别为对照组、试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组和试验Ⅲ组.对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组在饲喂基础日粮的基础上分别补饲0.05 g枯草芽孢杆菌(活菌数为2.0×10¹¹ CFU/g)和0.133 g植物乳杆菌(活菌数为3.0×10¹⁰ CFU/g)、0.10 g枯草芽孢杆菌和0.266 g植物乳杆菌、0.15 g枯草芽孢杆菌和0.399 g植物乳杆菌.结果表明,与对照组相比,补饲复合微生态制剂对泌乳期伊犁母马血液中总蛋白、白蛋白、血尿素氮含量和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶、超氧化物歧化酶活性的影响均差异不显著(P> 0.05);但补饲复合微生态制剂泌乳期伊犁母马血液中总蛋白、白蛋白含量和超氧化物歧化酶活性呈升高的趋势;试验Ⅱ组泌乳期伊犁母马血液中球蛋白含量显著高于对照组和试验Ⅰ组(P <0.05),其他各组之间差异不显著(P> 0.05).过氧化氢酶的活性试验Ⅱ组显著高于对照组和试验Ⅲ组(P <0.05),试验Ⅰ组与其他各组之间差异不显著(P> 0.05);总抗氧化能力试验Ⅱ组显著高于试验Ⅰ和Ⅲ组(P <0.05),其他各组之间差异不显著(P> 0.05).因此,补饲植物乳杆菌和枯草芽孢杆菌复合物对泌乳期母马增强免疫机能,改善氮沉积,提高机体抗氧化能力起到了一定作用,且补饲0.10 g枯草芽孢杆菌和0.266 g植物乳杆菌复合物时效果较为明显.     

补喂植物雌激素对泌乳期伊犁母马产奶量和乳成分的影响

为研究补喂不同种类植物雌激素对泌乳期伊犁母马产奶量及乳成分的影响,本试验选取年龄、胎次、泌乳月龄相近,泌乳期为第3个月的伊犁母马24匹,随机分为3组,分别为对照组、试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组。各组马匹补喂同一营养水平和同一剂量的精料补充料,在此基础上试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组分别补喂大豆异黄酮粉剂0.7 g和染料木素粉剂0.7 g,共饲喂70 d。试验期间每14 d测定泌乳期伊犁马8 h的产奶量和乳成分。结果表明:与0 d相比,42 d时试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组乳蛋白产量分别提高24.20%、29.61%。试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组42 d乳脂产量分别比对照组提高54.46%、50.25%(P0.05)。56 d时,各试验组乳糖产量均高于对照组,其中试验Ⅱ组乳糖产量比对照组提高20.29%(P0.01)。70 d时,试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组产奶量分别比对照组高出27.83%(P0.01)和20.00%(P0.05)。因此,在饲喂精料补充料的基础上,补喂大豆异黄酮和染料木素可提高泌乳期伊犁母马产奶量,改善乳品质,且以补喂0.7 g/d大豆异黄酮为最佳。     

补喂赖氨酸和苏氨酸对放牧条件下泌乳母马血液生化指标的影响

通过给放牧条件下泌乳母马补饲赖氨酸和苏氨酸,探究其对泌乳母马血液生化指标的影响,为氨基酸调控泌乳期母马的健康提供参考依据。选择产驹日期相近(5月份),年龄7～9岁,胎次4～5胎,平均体重(428.00±33.42) kg,泌乳30 d的伊犁马母马24匹,随机分为4个组,每组6匹,分别为对照组、试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组和试验Ⅲ组。在相同的放牧条件下(放牧时间、饮水时间、挤奶时间和放牧草场完全相同),对照组不进行任何氨基酸补喂,试验Ⅰ组每匹马补饲赖氨酸40 g/d+苏氨酸20 g/d,试验Ⅱ组每匹马补饲赖氨酸60 g/d+苏氨酸40 g/d,试验Ⅲ组每匹马补饲赖氨酸80 g/d+苏氨酸60 g/d。整个补饲期为120 d,定期采集母马血液,测定相关生化指标。结果：在蛋白质代谢方面,试验Ⅰ～Ⅲ组母马血液中总蛋白和白蛋白含量均显著低于对照组(P<0.05),尿酸含量分别比对照组提高16.33%、37.20%和17.58%;在糖脂代谢方面,试验Ⅰ～Ⅲ组的总胆红素均极显著高于对照组(P<0.01),葡萄糖和甘油三酯含量均低于对照组;在酶活力方面,试验Ⅰ～Ⅲ组的谷丙转氨酶和谷草转氨酶活力均极显...     

补喂微生物制剂对泌乳期伊犁母马产奶量及乳成分的影响

为研究补喂不同剂量的微生物制剂对泌乳期伊犁母马产奶量及乳成分的影响,选取年龄、胎次相近,泌乳期第3个月的伊犁母马24匹,随机分为4组,分别为对照组、试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组和试验Ⅲ组。对照组和试验组所有马匹饲喂同一剂量的精料补充料,在此基础上试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组、试验Ⅲ组分别补喂枯草芽孢杆菌(活菌数为2.0×1011cfu/g)0.05 g和植物乳杆菌(活菌数为3.0×1010cfu/g)0.133 g、枯草芽孢杆菌0.1 g和植物乳杆菌0.266 g、枯草芽孢杆菌0.15 g和植物乳杆菌0.399 g,试验期间每28 d测定伊犁马8 h的产奶量和乳成分。结果表明:28 d后,与对照组相比各试验组产奶量和乳糖含量分别提高了24.76%、17.14%、24.44%(P0.05)和26.63%、24.04%、23.51%(P0.05)。56 d时,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组乳脂含量分别比对照组高出45.57%、29.40%、35.45%。就乳蛋白产量而言,补喂枯草芽孢杆菌和植物乳杆菌对乳汁中乳蛋白产量无显著影响,但各试验组均高于对照组。因此,补喂枯草芽孢杆菌和植物乳杆菌可提高泌乳期伊犁母马产奶量和乳品质,其中以补喂枯草芽孢杆菌0.15g和植物乳杆菌0.399 g组效果显著。     

纳米铜、灵芝孢子粉与大豆异黄酮对1~30日龄清远麻鸡生长、免疫及抗氧化性能的影响

本研究对比分析了饲粮中添加纳米铜、灵芝孢子粉与大豆异黄酮对育雏阶段清远麻鸡生长性能、免疫功能及抗氧化性能的影响，旨在为肉鸡生产中添加剂的开发及应用提供参考。采用单因素随机分组设计，选用1 200只1日龄清远麻鸡母鸡分成4组，对照组（CON）饲喂基础饲粮，3个处理组（NC、GLS及SI）分别在基础饲粮中添加2 500 mg/kg纳米铜、600 mg/kg灵芝孢子粉和300 mg/kg大豆异黄酮预混剂。每个处理10个重复，每个重复30只鸡，试验期30天。试验结束后，采集试验鸡血浆、空肠黏膜样品，测定血液抗氧化相关生化指标及肠道免疫因子。结果表明：与对照组相比，①饲粮添加纳米铜、灵芝孢子粉与大豆异黄酮对清远麻鸡肉仔鸡的生长性能均无显著影响（P>0.05）。②灵芝孢子粉显著提高了30日龄清远麻鸡的胸腺比例（P<0.05）。③纳米铜显著提高了清远麻鸡的空肠绒毛隐窝比（P<0.05）。④纳米铜、灵芝孢子粉与大豆异黄酮均显著增加了清远麻鸡血浆和空肠中总超氧化物歧化酶（T-SOD）活性（P<0.05）；纳米铜显著增加了血浆谷胱甘肽过氧化氢酶（GSH-Px）活性（P<0.05）、降低了空肠黏膜丙二醛（MDA）含量（P<0.05）；大豆异黄酮显著降低血浆与空肠MDA含量（P<0.05）。⑤纳米铜组清远麻鸡空肠中免疫球蛋白A（IgA）含量显著增加（P<0.05），灵芝孢子粉组清远麻鸡血浆中肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、空肠中干扰素-γ（IFN-γ）含量显著降低（P<0.05）。在本试验条件下，纳米铜、灵芝孢子粉与大豆异黄酮对清远麻鸡肉仔鸡生长性能没有显著影响，但均可改善抗氧化性能指标；纳米铜可提高空肠绒毛隐窝比，纳米铜与灵芝孢子粉可调节免疫因子分泌。其中纳米铜对抗氧化性能的调节作用最优，灵芝孢子粉对免疫功能调节作用最优。     

富含DHA微藻对柴达木福牛生长性能和血清抗氧化指标的影响

本试验旨在研究富含二十二碳六烯酸（C22∶6n-3,DHA）的微藻对柴达木福牛生长性能、体尺指标、屠宰性能和血清抗氧化指标的影响。选用24头健康的24月龄柴达木福牛公牛,随机分为3组,每组8头。试验Ⅰ组（对照组）饲喂基础饲粮,试验Ⅱ和Ⅲ组在基础饲粮中分别添加100和200 g/d的微藻粉。预试期10 d,正试期42 d。测定生长性能、体尺指标、屠宰性能相关指标以及血清中总抗氧化能力（T-AOC）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）活性和丙二醛（MDA）含量。试验结果表明：①试验Ⅱ组平均日增重（ADG）显著高于对照组（P<0.05）;与对照组相比,试验Ⅱ和Ⅲ组的料重比（A/G）显著降低（P<0.05）,饲粮添加富含DHA微藻对福牛的体尺指标和屠宰性能无显著影响（P>0.05）。②与对照组相比,饲粮中添加微藻可显著提高血清SOD活性和T-AOC （P<0.05）,显著降低MDA含量（P<0.05）;试验Ⅲ组的GSH-Px活性显著提高（P<0.05）。综上,在本试验条件下,添加100 g/d富含DHA微藻可显著提高柴达木福牛的饲料转化率和血清抗氧化能力。     

补饲女贞子对泌乳奶牛生产性能及血液生化指标的影响

试验旨在研究补饲女贞子对泌乳奶牛生产性能及血液生化指标的影响。选择48头健康的泌乳中期中国荷斯坦奶牛,随机分成4组,每个处理组12头奶牛,对照组饲喂全混合日粮(TMR),N1、N2、N3组分别在饲喂TMR日粮的基础上补饲150、300、450 g/d女贞子。预试期1周,正试期7周。结果表明,与对照组相比,补饲450 g/d女贞子可显著提高泌乳奶牛4%校正乳产量(P<0.05),补饲150 g/d女贞子可显著提高泌乳奶牛乳脂含量(P<0.05),而对泌乳奶牛干物质采食量、产奶量及乳蛋白、总固形物含量和体细胞数均无显著影响(P>0.05);与对照组相比,补饲女贞子可显著降低泌乳奶牛血液中甘油三酯含量(P<0.05),而对其他血液生化指标均无显著影响(P>0.05)。综上所述,补饲女贞子具有提高泌乳中期奶牛生产性能、改善机体脂类代谢的作用。     

添加油脂对焉耆马运动性能、血浆抗氧化能力及代谢指标的影响

试验旨在探讨日粮中添加油脂对焉耆马赛后运动性能及抗氧化能力的影响。选取运动成绩、体重、体尺、年龄相近的焉耆马9匹,随机分为3组,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组分别在基础日粮中添加不同水平的豆油。试验开始第20天对各组马匹进行20 km模拟比赛,赛后30 min内测定各组试验马匹的体温、脉搏、呼吸,同时采集各组马匹血液。结果表明,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组焉耆马赛后0 min心率极显著低于对照组(P<0.01),试验Ⅱ组焉耆马赛后5 min呼吸频率极显著低于对照组(P<0.01);试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组焉耆马赛后血浆中GSH-Px、T-SOD活力浓度分别比对照组高87.60%(P<0.05)、15.87%(P>0.05)和98.38%(P<0.05)、38.25%(P<0.05);试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组焉耆马血浆中MDA、LA浓度分别比对照组低53.44%(P<0.05)、24.08%(P<0.05)和51.42%(P<0.05)、25.08%(P<0.05)。饲料中添加油脂可提高焉耆马运动性能,有利于焉耆马运动后生理机能的快速恢复,提高运动后焉耆马的抗氧化能力,相比较而言,添加5%油脂组效果较佳。     

复合营养素对育肥羊生长性能、消化率和血清指标的影响

【目的】 研究以发酵麸皮多糖、肉桂醛、丁香酚和辣椒油树脂为主的复合营养素对杜寒育肥羊生长性能、养分表观消化率及血清指标的影响,以期为复合营养素在肉羊生产中的应用提供一定的理论依据。【方法】 试验采用单因素完全随机试验设计,选择体重为(29.69±3.11)kg的36只2~3月龄杜寒杂交母羊,随机分为3组,每组6个重复,每个重复2只羊。对照组(CON)饲喂基础饲粮,试验Ⅰ和Ⅱ组分别饲喂添加2.5和5.0 g/kg复合营养素的试验饲粮。预试期14 d,正试期60 d。试验开始和结束当天晨饲前称重测定其生长性能指标,并采集血液样品测定血清生理生化、免疫与抗氧化能力等指标;在正试期第24~30和54~60天持续采集7 d粪样和饲料样,早晚各采集1次,用于测定营养物质表观消化率。【结果】 ①与对照组相比,试验Ⅰ组育肥羊的终末重和平均日增重均显著增加(P<0.05),料重比降低,但差异不显著(P>0.05),试验Ⅰ和Ⅱ组育肥羊干物质采食量均显著升高(P<0.05)。②与对照组相比,在第24~30天时,试验Ⅰ组育肥羊对干物质和有机物的表观消化率显著提高(P<0.05)。③饲粮中添加复合营养素对育肥羊血清生化各指标均无显著影响(P>0.05);与对照组相比,试验结束时,试验Ⅰ和Ⅱ组育肥羊血清中超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)和免疫球蛋白M(immunoglobulin M,IgM)含量均显著升高(P<0.05),试验Ⅱ组育肥羊血清中谷胱甘肽(glutathione,GSH)和免疫球蛋白G(immunoglobulin G,IgG)含量均显著降低(P<0.05),试验Ⅰ组育肥羊血清中丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)含量显著降低(P<0.05)。【结论】 饲粮中添加2.5 g/kg复合营养素能够增加育肥羊干物质采食量和表观消化率,并改善其免疫功能,提高机体抗氧化水平。     

复合营养调控剂对冷季放牧绵羊生长性能、屠宰性能和血清生化指标的影响

试验旨在研究不同营养调控剂对冷季放牧绵羊生长性能、屠宰性能和血清生化指标的影响。采用单因素完全随机区组试验设计,将48只健康、体重相近(28.01±1.70)kg的7月龄放牧母羊随机分为4组,Ⅰ组不补饲;Ⅱ组补饲常规精料;Ⅲ组补饲常规精料+复合配方1 (0.30%苹果酸、0.06%半胱胺、0.08%糖萜素);Ⅳ组补饲常规精料+饲料复合配方2 (0.60%苹果酸、0.12%半胱胺、0.16%糖萜素)。其中每组3个重复,每个重复4只,进行45 d饲养试验。结果表明:①试验Ⅲ组末重最高,较Ⅱ组和Ⅳ组分别提高6.26% (P>0.05)、3.69% (P>0.05);试验Ⅲ组平均日增重最高,较Ⅱ组和Ⅳ组分别提高26.32% (P<0.01)、5.74% (P>0.05)。②试验Ⅲ组的屠宰率较Ⅱ组提高4.68% (P>0.05);试验Ⅲ组的净肉率较Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组和Ⅳ组分别提高18.46% (P<0.05)、10.97% (P>0.05)和4.40% (P>0.05);试验Ⅲ组的胴体净肉重较Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组和Ⅳ组分别提高49.74% (P<0.01)、13.22% (P>0.05)和18.27% (P<0.05);试验Ⅲ组的胴体净肉率较Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组和Ⅳ组分别提高10.42% (P<0.01)、6.00% (P>0.05)和3.37% (P>0.05)。③在血清GLU、Ca、P、HDL、LDL、GPT、IgG含量中,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅳ和Ⅲ组依次呈上升趋势,而其A/G、TG含量依次呈下降趋势。综上,补饲复合营养调控剂可改善冷季放牧绵羊的生长性能、屠宰性能和血清生化指标,其中补饲复合配方1组(试验Ⅲ组)作用效果最佳。     

Effects of Phytooestrogens Supplementation on Blood Biochemical Indexes and Antioxidant Capacity of Lactating Yili Mare

The experiment was conducted to study the effects of phytooestrogens supplementation on blood biochemical indexes and antioxidant capacity of Yili maria during lactation.A total of 24 Yili maria during lactation were divided into four groups with similar age,parity,lactation months,i.e.groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ and control group.The control group and trial groups fed with the same based diet,groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ were supplemented with 0.7 g soybean isoflavone,0.7 g genistein,0.35 g soybean isoflavone and 0.35 g genistein respectively.The total duration of the experiment was 90 d,the first 10 d of the experiment was the preliminary period and the formal experiment lasted for 80 d.The blood samples were collected by jugular vein in the experiment of 0,20,40,60,80 days,respectively,3 500 r/min centrifuged 15 min separate plasma and -20 ℃ saved for later use.The results showed that compared with control group,total protein,albumin content and GSH-Px,SOD,CAT activity of blood in trail groups were no significant difference (P >0.05);But CAT,T-AOC activity of blood in trail groups had a upward trend.GLB,BUN content of blood in group Ⅱ were significantly higher than control group and group Ⅰ (P< 0.05);no significant difference was observed among other groups (P >0.05).Compared with control group,the MDA content of blood in groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ were trends to decrease,and group Ⅰ reached significant level (P< 0.05).Therefore,phytooestrogens supplementation had enhanced immune function,improved the body's antioxidant capacity of Yili maria during lactation,when supplementary feeding 0.7 g soybean isoflavone on antioxidant capacity of Yili maria during lactation was more obvious effect.     

The Effects of Compound Probiotics Supplementation on Blood Biochemical Indexes and Antioxidant Capacity of Yili Mare during Lactation

The experiment was conducted to study the effects of compound probiotics supplementation on blood biochemical indexes and antioxidant capacity of Yili mare during lactation.A total of 24 Yili mare during lactation were divided into four groups with similar age,parity,lactation months,i.e.groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ and control group.The control group and trial groups fed with the same based diet,groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ were supplemented with 0.05 g of Bacillus subtilis (2.0×10¹¹ CFU/g) and 0.133 g of plant Lactobacillus (3.0× 10¹⁰ CFU/g),0.10 g of Bacillus subtilis and 0.266 g of plant Lactobacillus,0.15 g of Bacillus subtilis and 0.399 g of plant Lactobacillus, respectively.The results showed as follows:Compared with control group,total protein,albumin,blood urea nitrogen contents and GSH-Px,SOD activities of blood in trail groups were no significant differences (P >0.05);But supplementary feeding compound probiotics total protein,albumin contents and SOD activity of blood in trail groups had a upward trend.GLB content of blood in group Ⅱ was significantly higher than the control group and groupⅠ(P <0.05);CAT activity of blood in group Ⅱ was significantly higher than control group and group Ⅲ (P <0.05);T-AOC activity of blood in group Ⅱ was significantly higher than groupsⅠand Ⅲ (P <0.05);No significant difference was observed among other groups (P >0.05).Therefore,supplementary feeding plant Lactobacillus and Bacillus subtilis complexes had enhanced immune function,improved the nitrogen deposition and the body's antioxidant capacity of Yili mare during lactation,when supplementary feeding 0.10 g of Bacillus subtilis and 0.266 g of plant Lactobacillus complexs was more obvious effect.     

Effects of Four Kinds of Diets on Nutrient Digestion,Metabolism and Blood Biochemical Indexes of One-year-old Yili Horse

Effects of four kinds of diets on nutrient digestion and metabolism and blood biochemical indexes of one-year-old Yili horse were studied in this experiment.16 health horses(all males) with an average body weight of (227.38±16.48)kg and similar age (one-year old) were used in a staging and grouping experiment design.First stage had groupsⅠ and Ⅱ,second stage had groups Ⅲ and Ⅳ.The horses of group Ⅰ were fed with alfalfa 8 kg/d,pelleted concentrate 0 kg/d; The horses of group Ⅱ were fed with alfalfa 7 kg/d,pelleted concentrate 1 kg/d;The horses of group Ⅲ were fed with alfalfa 6.3 kg/d,pelleted concentrate 1.7 kg/d;The horses of group Ⅳ were fed with alfalfa 5.6 kg/d,pelleted concentrate 2.4 kg/d.Each stage lasted for 21 d (15 d pretrial period and 6 d trial period).The results showed that the digestibility of DM,OM,CP and P were increased with increasing of feed levels of pelleted concentrate,while the digestibility of NDF,ADF and Ca showed downtrend.DE and ME were significantly increased with increasing of feed levels of pelleted concentrate (P > 0.05).N retention and retention rate showed an increasing tendency,N retention and retention rate of groups Ⅲ and Ⅳ were extremely significant higher than those in group Ⅰ (P < 0.01).Ca retention and retention rate decreased with increasing of feed levels of pelleted concentrate,and Ca retention and retention rate of group Ⅰ were extremely significant higher than those in groups Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ (P < 0.01).P retention was extremely significant increased with increasing of feed levels of pelleted concentrate (P < 0.01).There were no significant difference in the content of TP among all trial groups (P > 0.05),but the content of BUN in groups Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ were lower than those in group Ⅰ (P > 0.05).Thus,comprehensive nutrient digestion and metabolism,blood biochemical indicators of four of kinds diets in one-year-old Yili horse,the requirement of crude protein,digestible protein,metabolizable energy,digestible energy were 14.28,9.16 g/(kg·BW) and 1.74,1.41 MJ/(kg·BW),respectively.     

4种日粮对1岁伊犁马消化代谢、血液生化指标的影响

试验旨在研究4种日粮对1岁伊犁马消化代谢、血液生化指标的影响。选用平均体重为(227.38± 16.48)kg的1岁伊犁马16匹,随机分为2组,每组8匹,采用分期分组的试验方法,分别为试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组。试验Ⅰ组每匹马饲喂苜蓿干草8 kg/d、颗粒精料0 kg/d;试验Ⅱ组每匹马饲喂苜蓿干草7 kg/d、颗粒精料1 kg/d;试验Ⅲ组每匹马饲喂苜蓿干草6.3 kg/d、颗粒精料1.7 kg/d;试验Ⅳ组每匹马饲喂苜蓿干草5.6 kg/d、颗粒精料2.4 kg/d。进行21 d的消化代谢试验,其中预试期15 d,正试期6 d。结果表明,1岁伊犁马对干物质、有机物、粗蛋白质、磷的消化率随日粮中颗粒精料水平的增加呈增长趋势,而中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维、钙的消化率呈下降趋势;消化能、代谢能随日粮中颗粒精料水平的增加呈增长趋势(P > 0.05);氮沉积量、氮沉积率随日粮中颗粒精料水平的增加而增长,其中试验Ⅲ、Ⅳ组氮沉积量、氮沉积率极显著高于试验Ⅰ组(P < 0.01);钙沉积量、钙沉积率随日粮中颗粒精料水平的增加而降低,且试验Ⅰ组极显著高于试验Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组(P < 0.01);磷沉积量随日粮中颗粒精料水平的增加而极显著增加(P < 0.01);各组血浆中总蛋白含量差异不显著(P > 0.05),但试验Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组血浆尿素氮含量均低于试验Ⅰ组(P > 0.05)。综合1岁伊犁马对4种日粮的消化代谢情况及血液生化指标,1岁伊犁马粗蛋白质适宜需要量为14.28 g/kg代谢体重,可消化蛋白适宜需要量为9.16 g/kg代谢体重,代谢能适宜需要量为1.74 MJ/kg代谢体重,消化能适宜需要量为1.41 MJ/kg代谢体重。     

Effect of Two Kinds of Phytoestrogens on Milk Composition,Blood Biochemical Index and Antioxidant Capacity of Dairy Cows

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of feeding phytoestrogens on milk composition, blood biochemical index and antioxidant capacity of dairy cows.A total of 40 Holstein cows were selected and randomly divided into 4 groups by health, age and lactation stage. The cows in control group was fed total mixed rations(TMR), and the other in 3 trial groups were fed TMR supplemented with 2.5 g dainzein(group Ⅰ), 35 g formononetin (group Ⅱ), 1.25 g dainzein and 17.5 g formononetin (group Ⅲ), respectively. The total duration of the trial was 127 d, the first 7 d of the trial was the preliminary period and the formal trial lasted for 120 d. The milk samples were collected in the trial of 0, 30, 60, 90, 120 d, respectively, and determination of milk composition. The blood samples were collected by jugular vein in the trial, and plasma was separated by 15 min, 3 500 r/min centrifugation, and saved at －20 ℃ for later use. The result showed as follows: Compared with the control group, the milk yield and milk protein yield in groups Ⅰ and Ⅲ were significantly increased (P< 0.05),the lactose yield in groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ were significantly increased (P< 0.05), the T-AOC activity of blood in group Ⅲ was significantly increased (P< 0.05), the GSH-Px activity of blood in groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ were significantly increased (P< 0.05), the MDA activity of blood in groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ were significantly decreased (P< 0.05), the milk fat yield,lactose rate and TP, ALB, GLB of blood were not significantly increased (P> 0.05),the CAT, SOD activity of blood in trail groups had a upward trent. It was concluded that feeding phytoestrogens could enhance the milk yield, milk protein yield, lactose yield, the body's antioxidant capacity and immune function of Holstein cows.     

添喂两种植物雌激素对奶牛乳成分、血液生化指标和抗氧化性能的影响

试验旨在研究日粮中添喂两种植物雌激素及其组合物对奶牛乳成分、血液生化指标和抗氧化性能的影响。选取健康、年龄及泌乳期相近的40头荷斯坦奶牛,随机分为4组：1个对照组、3个试验组,每组10头。对照组饲喂全混合日粮,试验组在饲喂全混合日粮的基础上添加2.5 g大豆黄酮（试验Ⅰ组）、35 g芒柄花素（试验Ⅱ组）、1.25 g大豆黄酮和17.5 g芒柄花素（试验Ⅲ组）。预试期7 d,正试期120 d。分别于试验的第0、30、60、90、120天采集乳样,测定乳成分;颈静脉采集血液样品,3 500 r/min离心15 min,分离血浆,－20 ℃保存备用。结果表明,与对照组相比,试验Ⅰ、Ⅲ组产奶量、乳蛋白产量均显著提高（P< 0.05）;试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组乳糖产量显著提高（P< 0.05）;试验Ⅲ组T-AOC显著提高（P< 0.05）;试验Ⅱ、Ⅲ组GSH-Px活性显著提高（P< 0.05）;试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组MDA含量极显著降低（P< 0.05）;乳脂产量、乳糖率及TP、ALB、GLB含量均无显著差异（P> 0.05）;CAT、SOD活性均有一定程度的提高。由此可见,日粮中添喂两种植物雌激素及其组合物能够在一定程度上提高荷斯坦奶牛的产奶量、乳蛋白含量和乳糖含量,能够提高奶牛机体抗氧化能力,增强免疫功能。     

Effect of Soybean Meal Replaced by Fermented Rapeseed Meal on Growth Performance,Meat Quality and Serum Biochemical Indexes of Broilers

This experiment was conducted to study the effect of soybean meal replacement by fermented rapeseed meal on growth performance,meat quality and serum biochemical indexes of broilers.A total 400 23-day-old Yellow-feathered male broilers were randomly divided into 4 groups with 4 replicates per group and 25 broilers per replicate.The broilers in control group were fed a basal diet,and the others were fed the basal diets with the 3% (group Ⅰ),6% (group Ⅱ) and 9% (group Ⅲ) fermented rapeseed meal equal-nutritionally replacing the soybean meal,respectively.The experiment lasted for 43 days.The results showed as follows:① Compared with control group,the ADG,ADFI and F/G of groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ showed no significant differences (P>0.05);The ADG of group Ⅲ were 16.47% (P<0.05),15.03% (P<0.05) higher than that of groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ,the F/G of group Ⅲ were 7.71% (P<0.05),4.27% (P>0.05) lower than that of groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ.② There were no significant differences in the pH₁,pH₂₄,meat color (L^*,a^*,b^*),cooking loss and tenderness of chest muscle among all groups(P>0.05);Compared with control group,the water loss rate of groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ were significantly decreased (P<0.05).③ Compared with control group,the serum GLU content of groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ were decreased by 13.06%(P<0.05),8.12%(P>0.05) and 9.57%(P>0.05);The serum TP content of groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ were increased by 2.50%(P>0.05),20.86%(P<0.05) and 33.92%(P<0.05);The serum GPT content of groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ were decreased by 7.99%(P>0.05),18.85%(P>0.05) and 26.98%(P<0.05).It was concluded that it would be feasible to replace the soybean meal with 3% to 9% fermented rapeseed meal in broiler feeding,and the optimum supplemental level of fermented rapeseed meal was 9%.     

发酵菜籽粕替代豆粕对肉鸡生长性能、肉品质及血清生化指标的影响

本试验旨在研究发酵菜籽粕替代豆粕对肉鸡生长性能、肉品质及血清生化指标的影响。选用23日龄黄羽肉公鸡400只,随机分为4组,每组4个重复,每个重复25只,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ组分别在基础日粮中添加3%、6%和9%发酵菜籽粕等营养替代豆粕。试验期43 d。结果表明:①与对照组相比,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ组肉鸡平均日增重、平均日采食量和料重比差异均不显著(P>0.05);与试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组相比,试验Ⅲ组肉鸡平均日增重分别提高16.47%(P<0.05)、15.03%(P<0.05),料重比分别降低7.71%(P<0.05)和4.27%(P>0.05)。②各组肉鸡胸肌的pH₁、pH₂₄、肉色(L^*、a^*、b^*)、蒸煮损失和嫩度差异均不显著(P>0.05);试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ组肉鸡胸肌的失水率与对照组相比均显著降低(P<0.05)。③与对照组相比,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ组肉鸡血清中葡萄糖含量分别降低13.06%(P<0.05)、8.12%(P>0.05)和9.57%(P>0.05);总蛋白含量分别提高2.50%(P>0.05)、20.86%(P<0.05)和33.92%(P<0.05);谷丙转氨酶含量分别降低7.99%(P>0.05)、18.85%(P>0.05)和26.98%(P<0.05)。综上所述,肉鸡日粮中添加3%~9%发酵菜籽粕等营养替代豆粕是可行的,其中添加9%发酵菜籽粕效果最好。     

补喂芒柄花素对伊犁马1000m速度赛成绩、血气及抗氧化指标的影响

【目的】 研究芒柄花素对伊犁马1 000 m速度赛成绩、血气及抗氧化指标的影响，为伊犁马运动训练过程中营养补喂剂的研发提供参考依据。【方法】 试验选择平均体重(411 kg±29 kg)、平均年龄(2.0岁±0.50岁)、1 000 m速度赛成绩(135.24 s±15.75 s)相近并且健康状况良好的12匹伊犁马公马作为研究对象，随机分为对照组与试验组，每组6匹。在相同的饲养管理、饲粮营养水平及运动训练条件下，试验组每匹马每天补喂芒柄花素8 g，进行为期30 d的补喂试验。在试验第30天进行1 000 m速度赛，记录比赛成绩并在赛后即刻通过颈静脉采集血样，使用血气分析仪测定电解质水平、酸碱平衡及血气指标，使用试剂盒测定抗氧化指标。【结果】 补喂芒柄花素能够显著缩短伊犁马1 000 m速度赛比赛用时(P<0.05);对血浆中电解质水平、酸碱平衡及血气相关指标均无显著影响(P>0.05);在血浆抗氧化指标方面，补喂芒柄花素能够显著提高赛后马匹血浆中超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶和总抗氧化能力，分别比对照组提高了11.12%(P<0.05)、8.45%(P<0.05)和32.70%(P<0.05);而试验组谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶和丙二醛的含量分别比对照组降低1.56%和11.32%，但无显著差异(P>0.05)。【结论】 在本试验条件下，给伊犁马补喂芒柄花素能够显著提高1 000 m速度赛成绩，并提高其运动抗氧化能力。