2015年广州市活禽批发市场市场链调查

[目的]了解广州市活禽批发市场的活禽来源、数量等情况。[方法]对2015年广州市全部6个活禽批发市场的活禽来源地、批次和数量等情况进行了调查,并对输入活禽的种类、数量和时间分布,以及来源地的空间分布进行了分析。[结果]广州市交易活禽来源广泛,涉及全国16个省的122个地级市;活禽交易量大,交易频率高;包括广州市在内7个珠三角地区城市是广州市活禽批发市场活禽的主要来源地,其供应量占供应总量的80%以上;批发市场的交易活禽种类复杂,除鸡外,还有水禽和珍禽等。[结论]禽流感等疫病跨省传入广州市的风险以及病毒发生基因重组的风险较高,同时也存在病毒随运输车辆向外散播的风险;广州市批发市场活禽主要来源于本省,需重点加强广东省内的疫病防疫工作;本研究可对禽类疫病的流行病学和病原学研究提供数据支撑。     

2020—2021年湖南省娄底市活禽批发市场市场链调查

为了解湖南省娄底市活禽批发市场活禽来源与流通情况,对2020—2021年娄底市2个活禽批发市场活禽调入、调出情况进行了调查.结果显示:每年调入娄底市活禽批发市场的活禽超过3000批次,数量超过600万羽;调入活禽种类有鸡、鸭、鹅、鸽等品种,其中活鸡比例超过80％;活禽批发市场主要以省内调入为主,还涉及12个省(自治区)...     

禽流感：南京鸭业升级换代催化剂

南京应天路家特禽批发交易市场： 未进市场大门，先闻鸡鸭鸣声。市场内有许多装满盛有活鸭、活鸡笼子的大小车辆，活鸭、活鸡的数量很多，人们正有序忙碌着。该批发市场的刘老板性格爽直，主动向我们介绍道，应天路家特禽批发市场是南京最大的家禽批发市场，收取市场管理费为家禽交易值的2％，并负责收购当天没有交易完成的家禽。正常情况下，该批发市场鸭的交易量约占南京市区活禽交易总量的1／3，鸡占2／3，     

广州市活禽批发市场禽流感病毒污染状况调查

[目的 ]了解广州市活禽批发市场禽流感病毒的污染情况,为广州市制定有针对性的防控措施提供技术支持。[方法 ]2015年2月—2016年1月,按照随机抽样原则,对广州市2个活禽批发市场进行调查,每月采集1次棉拭子样品(共3 090份),并对所采集的样品进行禽流感病毒荧光RT-PCR检测。[结果 ]在该期间内,2个活禽批发市场的样品禽流感总阳性率为52.50%(1 625/3 090);禽流感病毒检出阳性率较高的月份是4月和9—12月,较低的是6—8月;水禽的禽流感感染风险是鸡的1.6倍,环境中存在禽流感病毒的风险是鸡的1.39倍;各月份中,1月、3月、11月和12月环境样品的禽流感病毒阳性率显著高于家禽样品(P0.01),而6月份家禽样品的禽流感病毒阳性率显著高于环境样品(P0.01);来自广东省内(广州市除外)的活禽样品禽流感病毒阳性率最高,为49.31%,来自外省市的禽流感通用型阳性率最低,为31.43%(P0.01)。[结论 ]调查发现,广州市活禽批发市场的禽流感高发期为春夏及秋冬交替季节;活禽批发市场中的水禽和批发市场环境是禽流感病毒流行的关键危险因素。调查结果提示,今后要加强春夏和秋冬交替季节的禽流感防控工作,加强对批发市场水禽的禽流感防控和批发市场环境的清洗、消毒,以切实降低活禽批发市场的禽流感污染水平。     

2010年国家动物疫病强制免疫计划之二:高致病性禽流感免疫计划

一、要求 对所有鸡、水禽（鸭、鹅）和人工饲养的鹌鹑、鸽子等禽只进行高致病性禽流感强制免疫。     

浅谈禽流感防制薄弱环节及对策

近几年,我国家禽的饲养量迅速增加,无论是鸡还是水禽都要进行强制免疫。禽流感一年四季均可发生,许多家禽如鸡、火鸡、珍珠鸡、鸭、鹅等均可感染发病,但以鸡、火鸡、鸭和鹅多见,以火鸡和鸡最为易感;鸭和鹅等水禽的易感性较低,但可带毒或隐性感染。传染源主要为病禽的粪便和呼吸道分泌物,病毒可长期在污染的粪便和水中存活。鉴于以上流行病学特点,加之在对沈阳市大量的禽流感免疫抗体监测中发现,抽检的水禽、散养户禽及活禽交易市场禽的禽流感免疫抗体水平较低,禽流感易感动物要想做到百分百的有效防制还存在很多漏洞,对防控     

禽流感流行动态与防制对策

禽流感是A型流感病毒引起的禽类的全身性或呼吸器官性传染病。鸡、火鸡、鸭、鹅和鹌鹑等家禽及野鸟、水禽、海鸟均可感染,发病情况以禽的种类不同以及感染病毒的亚型类别不同,表现各种各样的变化,有最急性、急性、亚急性及隐性感染。鸡、火鸡感染后多出现急性症状,鹅、鸭、水禽多以隐性感染而不出现症状,现就禽流感有关情况简述如下:     

2008年高致病性禽流感和口蹄疫等主要动物疫病免疫方案

一、具体要求 (一)高致病性禽流感 对所有家禽进行强制免疫,对所有鸡、水禽(鸭、鹅)和人工饲养的鹌鹑、鸽子等禽只进行高致病性禽流感强制免疫,存栏家禽免疫抗体合格率达到70%以上.     

2013年广州市活禽农贸市场禽流感流行病学调查

[目的]了解广州市活禽农贸市场禽流感病毒的分布和流行情况,科学制定禽流感的防控措施,于2013年3-11月对广州市91个次的活禽农贸市场进行了禽流感监测,[方法]调查共采集了1064份活禽口咽/泄殖腔棉拭子和环境拭子,并用荧光RT-PCR方法进行了检测,[结果]发现通用型、H7N9和H9亚型禽流感阳性率分别为46.05%、0.09%和19.83%。其中,鸭棉拭子样品中通用型禽流感阳性率最高,达到了58.14%,其次为鸡棉拭子、鹅棉拭子和环境棉拭子样品,分别为46.28%、42.85%和35.19%;H9亚型禽流感阳性率最高的是鸡源样品,达到了28.88%,其次为鸭棉拭子和环境棉拭子样品,分别为12.56%和5.58%;仅从1份鸡棉拭子样品中检测到H7N9亚型禽流感病毒阳性。[结论]本次调查显示,广州地区活禽农贸市场存在较为严重的禽流感污染情况,需立即采取有效的防控措施以降低本地区发生禽流感以及人感染禽流感的风险。     

上海市活禽市场管理措施实施情况调查

了解上海市活禽市场针对活禽的管理措施实施情况,为防控人感染H7 N9禽流感提供决策依据。2018年1月15—23日,在上海市随机选取活禽市场共36家(包括活禽批发市场1家和35家定点活禽交易农贸市场),通过问卷调查和现场观察法,调查市场摊档功能区域设置、活禽交易品种、休市制度、清洗消毒等情况。结果:活禽批发市场未设屠宰区,交易区内售卖区与存栏区无分离,顾客能直接接触到活禽。20%的城区农贸市场设立统一的屠宰区,其余由商户提供屠宰但并未与活禽区售卖区和存栏区隔离。86.7%的郊区农贸市场未设立统一的屠宰区,由商户提供屠宰但未与活禽区隔离。60%的城区农贸市场中存在鸭、鹅等其他活禽品种交易。63.3%的郊区农贸市场中有鸭、鹅等其他活禽品种交易。活禽批发市场和所有定点农贸市场均能按照上海市商务主管部门和市农业行政主管部门要求实行季节性休市,暂停活禽交易。除此之外,30%的郊区农贸市场实行"一周一休市",每周休市半天,6.7%的郊区农贸市场实行"半月一休市",其余活禽市场实行不定时休市或者不休市。所有市场内活禽摊位由商户自己负责摊位的清洗消毒。94.4%(34/36)的活禽市场实行每天清洗。75%(27/36)的活禽市场实现每天消毒。上海活禽市场存在不利于禽流感疫情防控的环节,建议市场严格执行《上海市活禽交易管理办法》,相关部门细化各项防控措施,实现常态管理。     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1985

In late December 1985, 1485 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1985 and 44% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 137,300 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1210 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 36 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number diagnosed in 1985 as 1247 (0.91%).

Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland and Saskatchewan but most (1126) of the cases were in Ontario. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. From Quebec, 91 cases were reported mostly from and around Montreal. From Manitoba, 19 cases were reported from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 28% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 78% had a history of not having left Canada.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1988

In late November 1988, 1581 small and mixed animal clinics and institutional veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1988, and 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 181,577 dogs were blood-tested for heartworm disease and 367 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 60 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1988 as 441 (0.24%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1984

In late December 1984, 1853 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1984 and 35% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 97,794 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1417 dogs (1.45% of those tested) were found with heartworm. Another 34 dogs were amicrofilaremic, but were diagnosed as having heartworm disease, to give the total number diagnosed in 1984 as 1451 (1.48%). Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland but most (1310) of the cases were in Ontario. In Quebec, 126 cases were reported mostly from west of Montreal.

Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 27% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 72% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1991

In late November 1991, 1883 clinics in Canada were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in dogs in 1991 and there was a 60.0% response. There were 344,031 dogs tested for heart-worm (HW), 627 were found infected and the prevalence of HW infection was 0.18%. There were 417 dogs with HW in Ontario, 116 in Manitoba, 38 in Quebec, 53 in British Columbia, three in Alberta, and one in Nova Scotia. In British Columbia, all of the infected dogs but one were from the Okanagan valley which, as from 1991, is a new focus of infection in Canada. Most dogs with HW had not been on preventive medication in 1990, and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 0.59%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Companion dogs, over three years of age and maintained primarily outdoors in rural areas, were most frequently infected. One cat was diagnosed with D. immitis and 33 dogs had Dipetalonema reconditium.     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1989

In late November 1989, 1732 clinics and institutional veterinarians were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis, and 51.7% responded. Of 247,716 dogs tested, 394 had D. immitis microfilariae and 51 were amicrofilaremic for a total of 445 cases and heartworm prevalence of 0.17%. Most (408) of these dogs had no preventive medication and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 1.01%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Thirty-seven dogs with heartworm had preventive medication. Heartworm was most frequent in companion dogs over three years of age maintained outdoors in rural areas. About 75% of the cases had never left Canada, 26% had clinical signs and 125 were not treated.

Heartworm was reported from British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, but 383 cases were in Ontario. South-western Ontario was the primary focus of infection. There were 33 cases in Quebec and 24 in Manitoba, mainly found in and around Metropolitan Montreal and Winnipeg respectively.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1987

In late November 1987, 1246 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1987, and 50% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 165,428 dogs were blood tested for heartworm disease and 511 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 78 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1987 as 589 (0.35%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1986

In late December 1986, 1224 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1986; 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 150,989 dogs were blood-tested for microfilariae and 869 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 65 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease and one was found with heartworm at necropsy to give the total number diagnosed in 1986 as 935 (0.62%).

Heartworm was reported from Manitoba, New Brunswick, Ontario and Quebec, but most (810) of the cases were from Ontario. South-western Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. There were 103 cases reported from Quebec, mostly from and around Montreal, and 21 cases from Manitoba, from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 33% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 81% had a history of not having left Canada.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1983

In late December 1983, 2 800 veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of heartworm disease in Canada in 1983 and 26% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 59 504 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 771 dogs (1.30% of those tested) were found with Dirofilaria immitis. Heartworm disease was diagnosed in all provinces except New Brunswick and Newfoundland but most (733) of the cases were in Ontario.

Heartworm disease was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 31% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 64% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continues to be the focus of the infection and most of the dogs there had not left the province previously.