1-MCP对青脆李亚低温贮藏期间生理生化及品质的影响

以四川茂县青脆李为试材,研究1-甲基环丙烯(1-MCP)对亚低温(8±0.5℃)条件下青脆李的生理生化及其贮藏期间果实品质变化的影响。结果表明:1-MCP处理可显著抑制青脆李果实的呼吸作用和乙烯的释放速率,并降低两者的峰值;可保持果实细胞膜的完整性,降低PPO活性和酚类物质的消耗,减少褐变。其中以1.0μL.L-1浓度的1-MCP处理能够更有效地保持果实的质地与风味,亚低温条件下贮藏28 d,褐变指数为0,腐烂指数为5.3,显著好于对照和其他浓度的1-MCP处理,延长果实保鲜期达到20 d。     

不同处理方法对冬枣贮藏效果的影响

为探讨新疆地区所产冬枣在不同处理方式下的贮藏效果,试验在-0.5~0.5℃冷藏条件下,研究了1包萎霉灵溶液浸泡、50%仲丁胺溶液熏蒸、1-MCP处理等方式对冬枣贮藏效果的影响。结果表明:将带有叶子和枣吊的冬枣,采用0.01%萎霉灵溶液浸泡1 min,沥干浮水后装入打孔PVC保鲜袋,袋内放置1 m L 50%仲丁胺溶液作熏蒸消毒剂和1包1-MCP处理可保持较高的好果率和脆果率,维持较高的果实硬度,延缓果实pH和TSS含量的下降,贮藏效果较好;将冬枣果实采用0.01%萎霉灵溶液浸泡1 min,沥干浮水后装入不打孔PVC保鲜袋,袋内放置1包50%的仲丁胺溶液作熏蒸消毒剂和1包1-MCP,贮藏30 d后由于袋内O2浓度低或CO2浓度高,导致果实酒软速率快,脆果率低,贮藏效果差。贮藏期间,冬枣的pH、果肉硬度逐渐降低,VC含量呈先升后逐渐下降趋势。     

不同来源1-MCP处理对冷藏富士苹果保鲜效果的影响

以富士苹果为试材,研究(0±0.5)℃条件下冷藏180 d期间两种不同来源和不同浓度(0.5、1.0μL/L)的1-MCP处理对富士苹果采后生理及贮藏品质的影响。结果表明,富士苹果属呼吸跃变型果实,与空白对照相比,两种不同来源的1-MCP处理均可明显降低冷藏期间果实的乙烯释放量和呼吸强度,较好地保持果实硬度,对富士苹果的商品品质和风味的维持具有良好的作用效果,但对果实可溶性固形物和可滴定酸含量影响不显著。结论:除1.0μL/L浓度的1-MCP处理抑制乙烯释放速率的作用效果极显著好于0.5μL/L浓度处理外,两种不同来源与不同浓度1-MCP处理冷藏富士苹果的保鲜效果无显著差异。     

1-MCP对猕猴桃果实品质和细胞氧化还原水平的影响

以中华猕猴桃为试材,分别于0、10、20、30℃条件下采用1μL/L的1-甲基环丙烯(1-MCP)处理12h和24 h后,在20℃条件下贮藏,研究不同1-MCP处理温度和时间对中华猕猴桃果实贮藏品质及其细胞氧化还原水平的影响.结果表明,1-MCP处理12h可显著降低猕猴桃果实的呼吸强度和乙烯释放量,其中在30℃下的处理...     

1-MCP结合气调包装对塔西提柠檬采后保鲜的研究

以瑞丽塔西提柠檬为试材,探究1-甲基环丙烯(1-MCP)结合不同气调保鲜袋处理对其贮藏品质的影响。分别采用不同浓度的1-MCP(0、62.5、125.0、250.0 mg/L)结合PBI保鲜袋和微孔膜处理柠檬,将柠檬置于15℃恒温箱中贮藏,定期(3 d)测定柠檬的失重率、硬度、可溶性固形物含量、呼吸强度、VC含量、过氧化物酶(POD)活性及可滴定酸等相关指标,比较不同处理方式的贮藏保鲜效果。结果表明:62.5 mg/L 1-MCP结合PBI保鲜袋能有效抑制柠檬果实硬度、失重率、VC含量的降低;250.0 mg/L 1-MCP结合PBI保鲜袋能有效抑制柠檬可溶性固形物含量的降低;结合生产的使用成本等因素进行综合考虑,确定62.5 mg/L 1-MCP结合PBI保鲜袋处理为塔西提柠檬较好的保鲜方式。     

1-MCP处理对黄金梨采后生理及保藓效果的影响

研究了常温(20℃)和冷藏(0℃)条件下不同浓度1-MCP处理对黄金梨采后贮藏品质及保鲜效果的影响.研究结果表明,1-MCPO(1-Methylcyclopmpene)处理能显著地降低黄金梨果实呼吸强度,降低黄金梨果实冷藏期间的乙烯释放量.0～1℃贮藏180天+20℃7天或20℃30天,明显地延缓黄金梨果实的硬度、可溶性固形物含量和可滴定酸含量的下降,有利于果实外观、风味的保持和梨果柄保绿.1-MCP处理对黄金梨果实长期贮藏保鲜效果较为明显.1-MCP处理显著地降低果心褐变指数,可完全抑制黄金梨贮藏期间果实黑皮病的发生,但可能会增强果实对二氧化碳的敏感性.     

1-MCP对鸭梨贮藏期间生理品质变化的影响

研究了常温(20℃)和冷藏(0℃)条件下不同浓度1-MCP处理对黄金梨采后贮藏品质及保鲜效果的影响.研究结果表明,1-MCPO(1-Methylcyclopmpene)处理能显著地降低黄金梨果实呼吸强度,降低黄金梨果实冷藏期间的乙烯释放量.0～1℃贮藏180天+20℃7天或20℃30天,明显地延缓黄金梨果实的硬度、可溶性固形物含量和可滴定酸含量的下降,有利于果实外观、风味的保持和梨果柄保绿.1-MCP处理对黄金梨果实长期贮藏保鲜效果较为明显.1-MCP处理显著地降低果心褐变指数,可完全抑制黄金梨贮藏期间果实黑皮病的发生,但可能会增强果实对二氧化碳的敏感性.     

1-MCP处理对常温贮藏金红苹果生理及品质的影响

以金红苹果为试材,在常温(20±1)℃条件下贮藏,研究不同浓度1-MCP(0.5、1.0、1.5μL/L)熏蒸处理对金红苹果生理及品质的影响。结果表明,在贮藏期内,与对照组(未熏蒸处理)相比,经1-MCP处理后,果实的乙烯释放速率和呼吸强度均明显降低,并推迟了乙烯高峰的出现,增强了过氧化物酶(POD)活性,延缓了衰老;降低了多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性,抑制了果肉褐变;保持了果肉较高的硬度,减缓了可滴定酸(TA)含量和可溶性固形物(TSS)含量的下降。在不同浓度的1-MCP处理中,以1.0μL/L1-MCP处理的果实贮藏效果最好,具有较高的好果率,肉质坚硬,果实酸甜适口,果皮色泽红青鲜艳。     

1-MCP处理对巴梨果实采后生理效应及黑皮病的影响

以巴梨果实为试材,经浓度为0.5μL·L^-1的1-MCP处理后,分别在常温20℃和低温0℃条件下贮藏,研究1-MCP对其采后生理及贮藏效果的影响。结果表明,用1-MCP处理巴梨果实,可推迟其在常温及冷藏条件下乙烯释放高峰的出现时间,降低乙烯峰值,较好地维持果实的硬度,极显著（P〈0.05）减缓果皮颜色及果实淀粉的转化速率,减少在冷藏4个月时的黑皮指数,显著降低冷藏过程中真菌性病害的发生率。     

1-MCP处理对黄金梨采后生理及保鲜效果的影响

研究了常温(20℃)和冷藏(0℃)条件下不同浓度1-MCP处理对黄金梨采后贮藏品质及保鲜效果的影响。研究结果表明,1-MCP(1-Methylcyclopropene)处理能显著地降低黄金梨果实呼吸强度,降低黄金梨果实冷藏期间的乙烯释放量。0～1℃贮藏180天+20℃7天或20℃30天,明显地延缓黄金梨果实的硬度、可溶性固形物含量和可滴定酸含量的下降,有利于果实外观、风味的保持和梨果柄保绿。1-MCP处理对黄金梨果实长期贮藏保鲜效果较为明显。1-MCP处理显著地降低果心褐变指数,可完全抑制黄金梨贮藏期间果实黑皮病的发生,但可能会增强果实对二氧化碳的敏感性。     

Location of a high-lysine gene and the DDT-resistance gene on barley chromosome 7

Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans.     

A note on the origin of Kalanchoë x vadensis Boom & Zeilinga (Crassulaceae)

Summary K x vadensis is a hybrid of K. blossfeldiana and K. marmorata obtained after doubling the number of chromosomes.     

Simultaneous Determination of Four Phenolic Acids in Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae Formula Granules by QAMS

[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol...     

Avoidance of leaf rust fungi in wild relatives of cultivated cereals

Summary Avoidance of rust fungi that was based on poor appressorium induction was previously found in Hordeum chilense. In the present study 95 accessions of Triticeae were screened for avoidance of Puccinia hordei. The percentage of appressorium formation per germinated spore ranged from 6 to 90%. On none of the 41 accessions of Aegilops, Agropyron, Elymus, Secale, Thinopyrum or Triticum studied was the rate of appressorium formation lower than 25%. Lower rates of appressorium formation were, however, found on accessions of wild barley species Hordeum brachyantherum, H. marinum, H. parodii and H. secalinum. Its implications in cereal breeding are discussed.     

Present status and future strategy in breeding faba beans (Vicia Faba L.) for resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses

Progress is being made, mainly by ICARDA but also elsewhere, in breeding for resistance to Botrytis, AScochyta, Uromyces, and Orobanche; and some lines have resistance to more than one pathogen. The strategy is to extend multiple resistance but also to seek new and durable forms of resistance. Internationally coordinated programs are needed to maintain the momentum of this work.Tolerance of abiotic stresses leads to types suited to dry or cold environments rather than broad adaptability, but in this cross-pollinated species, the more hybrid vigor expressed by a cultivar, the more it is likely to tolerate various stresses.     

Water Extraction Process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning

[Objectives]To optimize the water extraction process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning and establish a method for its extraction and content determination...     

Mechanisms and diversity of resistance to sorghum shoot fly,Atherigona soccata

Sorghum shoot fly, Atherigona soccata, is one of the important pests of postrainy season sorghums. Of the 90 sorghum genotypes evaluated for resistance to this pest, RHRB 12, ICSV 713, 25026, 93046 and 25027, IS 33844‐5, Giddi Maldandi and RVRT 3 exhibited resistance in postrainy season, while ICSB 463, Phule Anuradha, RHRB 19, Parbhani Moti, ICSV 705, PS 35805, IS 5480, 5622, 17726, 18368 and 34722, RVRT 1, ICSR 93031 and Dagidi Solapur showed resistance in rainy season, suggesting season‐specific expression of resistance to A. soccata. ICSB 461, ICSB 463, Phule Yasodha, M 35‐1, ICSV 700, 711, 25010, 25019 and 93089, IS 18662, Phule Vasudha, IS 18551 and 33844‐5 and Barsizoot had fewer deadhearts than plants with eggs across seasons, suggesting antibiosis as one of the resistance mechanism. Five genotypes exhibited resistance with high grain yield across seasons. Correlation, path and stepwise regression analyses indicated that leaf glossiness, seedling vigour, trichome density, oviposition and leaf sheath pigmentation were associated with the expression of resistance/susceptibility to shoot fly, and these can be used as marker traits to select and develop shoot fly‐resistant sorghums.     

Cytoplasmic male sterility,resistance to gall mite and mildew,and season of leafing out in black currants

Summary Cytoplasmic male sterility (cms) is described in the F₁ hybrids Ribes × carrierei (R. glutinosum albidum × R. nigrum) and R. sanguineum × R. nigrum. In backcrosses to R. nigrum, progenies with R. glutinosum cytoplasm were either all male sterile, or segregated for full male fertility (F) and complete (S) and partial (I) male sterility. Ratios of F:I+S suggested that two linked genes controlled cms, F plants being dominant for one (Rf ₁) and recessive for the other (Rf ₂).Segregation for cms in relation to three linded genes, Ce (resistance to the gall mite, Cecidophyopsis ribes), Sph ₃(resistance to American gooseberry mildew, Sphaerotheca mors-uvae) and Lf ₁(one of two dominant additive genes controlling early season leafing out) indicated that Rf ₁and Rf ₂were in this linkage group. The gene order and approximate crossover values appeared to be: % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXafv3ySLgzGmvETj2BSbqef0uAJj3BZ9Mz0bYu% H52CGmvzYLMzaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqr1ngBPrgifHhDYfgasa% acOqpw0xe9v8qqaqFD0xXdHaVhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbba9q8Wq% Ffea0-yr0RYxir-Jbba9q8aq0-yq-He9q8qqQ8frFve9Fve9Ff0dme% aabaqaciGacaGaamqadaabaeaafaaakeaacaWGdbGaamyzamaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGWaGaaiOlaiaacgdacaGG0aGaaiiiaiaacc% caaaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaamOuaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaaccdacaGGUaGaaiOmaiaacs% dacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaaaacaWGsbGaamOzaSGa% aGOmaOWaaWaaaeaacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccaaaGaamitaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaaaaiaadofacaWGWbGaamiAaSGa% aG4maaaa!6E4D!\[Ce\underline { 0.14 } Rf1\underline { 0.24 } Rf2\underline { } Lf1\underline { } Sph3\]. Crossover values of 0.36 for Ce-Lf ₁, and 0.15 for Lf ₁-Sph ₃were estimated from the relative mean differences in season of leafing out between seedlings dominant and recessive for Ce and Sph ₃.It is suggested that competitive disadvantage of lf ₁-carrying gametes and/or zygotes at low temperatures may be implicated in the almost invariable deficit of plants dominant for the closely linked mildew resistance allele Sph ₃. Poor performance of lf ₁- (and possibly lf ₂-) carrying gametes and young zygotes during periods of low temperature at flowering might also account for the liability of some late season cultivars and selections to premature fruit drop (running off).     

Optimization of Extraction Technology and Determination of Content of Total Phenols of Leaves in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms

[Objectives] To determine the optimum extraction technology for total phenols of leaves in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms.[Methods]The single factor test and ortho...     

Pollen and pollination experiments. III. The viability of apple and pear pollen as affected by irradiation and storage

Summary Apple and pear pollen was irradiated with doses of 0, 50, 100, 250 and 500 krad (gamma rays) and stored at 4°C and 0–10% r.h. From the in-vitro germination percentages an average LD 50 dose of about 220 krad was estimated. For both irradiated and untreated pollen a close and corresponding lineair relationship existed between germination percentage and pollen tube growth.Irradiated pollen was much more sensitive to dry storage conditions than untreated pollen, resulting in less germination and more bursting. Apparently, irradiation caused the pollen cell membrane to lose its flexibility faster than normal. Rehydration of dry-stored, irradiated pollen in water-saturated air restored germination percentages up to their initial levels. The importance of this procedure in germination trials is stressed.