炒甘草炮制工艺及质量标准研究

目的优选炒甘草炮制工艺,建立炒甘草质量标准。方法以炒制温度、炒制时间、炒锅转数为因素,以性状、甘草苷和甘草酸含量为评价指标,通过正交试验优选炒甘草炮制方法。根据10批炒甘草鉴别、检查、含量测定的结果建立炒甘草的质量标准。结果炒甘草的最佳炮制工艺为取甘草饮片150℃炒制25min,炒锅转数为20rpm/min。炒甘草水分不得过5.0%,总灰分不得过5.0%,含甘草苷(CHO)不得少于0.45%,甘草酸(CHO)不得少于1.8%。结论建立了炒甘草的炮制工艺及质量标准,为炒甘草饮片生产提供质量依据。     

甘草种衣剂对甘草生长和甘草酸含量的影响

目的了解甘草种衣剂对一年生甘草中根长、根干重和甘草酸含量的影响,为甘草包衣技术的推广提供理论依据和技术支撑。方法采用刻度尺直接测量根长,烘干后测量根干重的方法,甘草酸含量测定采用高效液相色谱法,对甘草根部粉末的70%乙醇提取物进行分析。以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂,乙腈为流动相A,0.05%磷酸溶液为流动相B,进行梯度洗脱,检测波长为237nm。结果甘草种衣剂可以增加一年生甘草根长、根干重和甘草酸含量,包衣组甘草中的甘草酸含量比未包衣组的增加了0.01%。结论甘草种衣剂可以促进增加甘草根长和根干重,进而促进甘草根部的生长,HPLC法方法准确,灵敏度高,重复性好,成本低,可用于甘草中甘草酸含量测定,甘草种衣剂可以提高甘草中甘草酸含量,进而提高了甘草的品质。     

正交设计优化甘草苷提取工艺的研究

研究了以0.1%NaHCO350%EtOH作为溶剂,采用超声波辅助提取,以甘草苷的提取率为评价指标,利用正交实验,筛选最佳工艺条件。结果表明,最佳甘草苷提取条件为：料液比为1：10,超声温度为90℃,超声时间90min。通过此工艺,甘草苷纯品提取率可达1.16%。     

正交设计优化甘草酸提取工艺的研究

研究了以0．1％NaHCO3-50％EtOH为溶剂,采用超声波辅助提取,以甘草酸的提取率为评价指标,利用正交实验,筛选甘草酸的最佳超声提取工艺条件。结果表明,从乌拉尔甘草中提取甘草酸的最佳条件为：料液比为1：10,超声温度为90℃,超声时间150min。通过此工艺,甘草酸纯品提取率可达5．19％。     

酶在天然甜味剂改性中的应用

综述了运用酶来改良天然甜味剂蔗糖、甜菊糖、甘草苷等以提高它们的应用性能的方法，并指出了目前该方法存在的问题及其今后的发展方向。     

茶叶花青素的研究进展

随着天然色素保健功能的深入研究,茶叶花青素也逐渐受到广泛关注。本文从花青素的化学结构与理化性质、茶树紫芽花色苷代谢机制及富集特性、茶叶花色苷定性定量分析方法、茶叶花青素提取分离与纯化方法、生物活性及产品开发等方面进行综述,为茶叶花青素及其苷的综合开发提供参考。     

甘草种衣剂对甘草形态指标的影响

通过以种衣剂包衣处理甘草种子,比较研究在不同处理条件下,甘草植株地上部分、地下部分某些形态指标变化情况。结果表明,甘草种衣剂包衣处理后,甘草的株高、茎粗、根粗、根长、根干重、根体积、茎干重、叶干重、叶面积和壮苗指数显著提高。表明甘草种衣剂的使用可以提高中药材甘草的品质与产量。     

盐胁迫对甘草叶片光合色素含量和光合生理特性的影响

采用LI-6400便携式光合仪测定不同盐胁迫处理下甘草的光合作用生理指标,并采用分光光度法测定甘草叶片中光合色素的含量变化。结果表明:9 g/L NaCl的盐分胁迫降低了甘草叶片中叶绿素a(chl a)、叶绿素b(chl b)和类胡萝卜素(car)含量,增加了chl a/chl b;对胞间CO2浓度(Ci)的影响不显著;降低了净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔导度(Gs)等光合生理指标。3 g/L和6 g/L NaCl的盐分胁迫影响不显著。这说明适当浓度的盐胁迫可以影响甘草的光合生理作用,进而影响了甘草药材的产量。结果为探讨甘草对盐胁迫的适应机理提供了理论依据。     

茶叶花色苷的研究进展

花色苷是具有多种生物活性的天然产物,茶树紫色芽叶中富含花色苷。本文综述了花色苷的代谢生理、环境影响因素、化学组分、提制技术、分析检测方法以及生物活性等方面的研究进展,以期为茶树紫色芽叶及其花色苷的高值化利用提供参考。     

茶籽饼粕中黄酮苷的HPLC分析、制备与MS鉴定

采用HPLC分析茶籽饼粕中的黄酮苷,以制备型HPLC对其中的主要黄酮苷进行分离,再以HPLC/MS分析主要黄酮苷的分子量,在此基础上,确认茶籽饼粕中2种黄酮苷的化学结构。该种分析型HPLC、制备型HPLC、LC/MS联用的系统方法,可以成功地应用于分离鉴定茶籽饼粕中的黄酮苷,也可为茶叶中其他天然产物的分离、鉴定研究提供参考。     

橄榄功能成分及其抗氧化作用研究进展

橄榄果实中富含丰富的营养功能成分,包括蛋白质、脂肪酸、挥发性芳香物质、有机酸、氨基酸、酚类物质等,与橄榄的药理功效具有密切的关系。橄榄中的多酚氧化酶(PPO)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)等具有抗氧化能力。本文综述了橄榄的功能成分以及抗氧化作用,以期为橄榄的进一步研究提供参考依据。     

野生大豆皂苷的提取与薄层色谱分析

皂苷具有多种药理作用,对野生大豆中各类皂苷的定量分析是研究野生大豆皂苷药理作用的基础.利用索氏提取器以甲醇热回流提取野生大豆中的皂苷,结合理化反应进行鉴别,以齐墩果酸作为对照品进行薄层层析,通过薄层扫描测定皂苷含量.结果表明:野生大豆皂苷1～5μg范围内线性关系良好,平均回收率为98.98％,RSD为0.41％,薄层层...     

富γ-氨基丁酸茶的药理功能研究进展

综述了富γ-氨基丁酸茶的药理功能和γ-氨基丁酸富集方法的研究进展,提出应进一步改进和完善富γ-氨基丁酸茶的加工工艺和我国富γ-氨基丁酸茶叶产品的广阔市场前景。     

杭白菊生物活性成分及药理研究进展

杭白菊含有黄酮类化合物、挥发油、绿原酸、维生素、氨基酸等多种生物活性物质,这些生物活性物质具有抗氧化、保护心血管、降血脂、降血糖、抗菌等功能,因而近年来引起了人们对其生物活性物质、药理作用等方面的广泛研究。本文对杭白菊的研究进展进行了综述,并对其应用开发前景进行了展望。     

Stereochemistry of Complex Marine Natural Products by Quantum Mechanical Calculations of NMR Chemical Shifts: Solvent and Conformational Effects on Okadaic Acid

Marine organisms are an increasingly important source of novel metabolites, some of which have already inspired or become new drugs. In addition, many of these molecules show a high degree of novelty from a structural and/or pharmacological point of view. Structure determination is generally achieved by the use of a variety of spectroscopic methods, among which NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) plays a major role and determination of the stereochemical relationships within every new molecule is generally the most challenging part in structural determination. In this communication, we have chosen okadaic acid as a model compound to perform a computational chemistry study to predict ¹H and ¹³C NMR chemical shifts. The effect of two different solvents and conformation on the ability of DFT (density functional theory) calculations to predict the correct stereoisomer has been studied.     

月季花药理研究概况

月季花是一种常见的中草药,具有活血调经、疏肝解郁、消肿解毒等功效。本文对月季花的药理作用进行了综述,其有效成分主要为以槲皮苷、山奈黄素为主的黄酮类及以没食子酸为主的萜醇类化合物,阐述了月季花在天然色素资源、天然保健品及医学临床上的应用,为进一步开发月季花的药用功效提供理论依据。     

Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids of Marine Macroalgae: Potential for Nutritional and Pharmaceutical Applications

As mammals are unable to synthesize essential polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), these compounds need to be taken in through diet. Nowadays, obtaining essential PUFA in diet is becoming increasingly difficult; therefore this work investigated the suitability of using macroalgae as novel dietary sources of PUFA. Hence, 17 macroalgal species from three different phyla (Chlorophyta, Phaeophyta and Rhodophyta) were analyzed and their fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) profile was assessed. Each phylum presented a characteristic fatty acid signature as evidenced by clustering of PUFA profiles of algae belonging to the same phylum in a Principal Components Analysis. The major PUFA detected in all phyla were C₁₈ and C₂₀, namely linoleic, arachidonic and eicosapentaenoic acids. The obtained data showed that rhodophytes and phaeophytes have higher concentrations of PUFA, particularly from the n-3 series, thereby being a better source of these compounds. Moreover, rhodophytes and phaeophytes presented “healthier” ∑n-6/∑n-3 and PUFA/saturated fatty acid ratios than chlorophytes. Ulva was an exception within the Chlorophyta, as it presented high concentrations of n-3 PUFA, α-linolenic acid in particular. In conclusion, macroalgae can be considered as a potential source for large-scale production of essential PUFA with wide applications in the nutraceutical and pharmacological industries.     

Marine Indole Alkaloids—Isolation,Structure and Bioactivities

Indole alkaloids are heterocyclic natural products with extensive pharmacological activities. As an important source of lead compounds, many clinical drugs have been derived from natural indole compounds. Marine indole alkaloids, from unique marine environments with high pressure, high salt and low temperature, exhibit structural diversity with various bioactivities, which attracts the attention of drug researchers. This article is a continuation of the previous two comprehensive reviews and covers the literature on marine indole alkaloids published from 2015 to 2021, with 472 new or structure-revised compounds categorized by sources into marine microorganisms, invertebrates, and plant-derived. The structures and bioactivities demonstrated in this article will benefit the synthesis and pharmacological activity study for marine indole alkaloids on their way to clinical drugs.