Regulation of bone phosphorus retention and bone development possibly by BMP and MAPK signaling pathways in broilers

The bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways play an important role in regulation of bone formation and development, however, it remains unclear that the effect of dietary different levels of non-phytate phosphorus (NPP) on these signaling pathways and their correlations with bone phosphorus (P) retention and bone development in broilers. Therefore, this experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary P supplementation on BMP and MAPK signaling pathways and their correlations with bone P retention and bone development in broilers. A total of 800 one-day-old Arbor Acres male broilers were randomly allotted to 1 of 5 treatments with 8 replicates in a completely randomized design. The 5 treatments of dietary NPP levels were 0.15, 0.25, 0.35, 0.45 and 0.55% or 0.15, 0.22, 0.29, 0.36 and 0.43% for broilers from 1 to 21 days of age or 22 to 42 days of age, respectively. The results showed that extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 (ERK1) mRNA expression in the tibia of broilers on days 14 and 28, phosphorylated-ERK1 (p-ERK1) on day 14, and BMP2 protein expression on days 28 and 42 decreased linearly (P<0.04), while c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1 (JNK1) mRNA expression on day 42 increased linearly (P<0.02) with the increase of dietary NPP level. At 14 days of age, total P accumulation in tibia ash (TP_TA), bone mineral concentration (BMC), bone mineral density (BMD), bone breaking strength (BBS) and tibia ash were negatively correlated (r=–0.726 to –0.359, P<0.05) with ERK1 and JNK1 mRNA as well as p-ERK1; tibia alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and bone gal protein (BGP) were positively correlated (r=0.405 to 0.665, P<0.01) with ERK1 mRNA and p-ERK1. At 28 days of age, TP_TA, BMC, BMD, BBS and tibia ash were negatively correlated (r=–0.518 to –0.370, P<0.05) with ERK1 mRNA and BMP2 protein, while tibia ALP was positively correlated (r=0.382 to 0.648, P<0.05) with them. The results indicated that TP_TA, BMC, BMD, BBS or tibia ash had negative correlations, while tibia ALP and BGP had positive correlations with ERK1 and JNK1 mRNAs, BMP2 protein and p-ERK1, suggesting that bone P retention and bone development might be regulated by BMP and MAPK signaling pathways in broiler chickens.     

杂交肉鸭在实用饲粮条件下适宜钙磷水平的研究

选用天×建杂交鸭,随机分成12个组,喂给不同钙磷水平饲粮,对杂交肉鸭的适宜钙磷水平作了研究。结果表明:1)杂交肉鸭饲粮适宜钙磷水平,前期(0—3周龄)分别是钙0.63％,NPP0.35％;后期(4—7周龄)分别是钙0.63％,NPP0.29％;全期(0—7周龄)分别是钙0.59％,胫骨灰分及其钙磷含量随饲粮钙磷增加而增加。3)胫骨灰分与趾骨灰分含是呈极显著正相关(r=0.8117—0.9917,P<0.01)。两者均灵敏反映体内钙磷状况。4)饲粮CaO0.11％和NPP0.18％对血钙和血磷有显著性影响(P<0.05)。血磷比血钙反映灵敏,可较好地反映体内磷状况。     

日粮非植酸磷和基因工程酵母菌植酸酶水平对22～42日龄黄羽肉鸡生长和胫骨发育的影响

 【目的】研究确定22～42日龄黄羽肉鸡非植酸磷（NPP）的需要量及毕赤酵母基因工程菌植酸酶（PHY A）的磷当量值。【方法】选用22日龄岭南黄羽肉公鸡1 320只,随机分为11个处理,每处理4个重复,每重复30只鸡。处理1为基础日粮（NPP水平为0.08%）,不添加磷酸氢钙和植酸酶;处理2～7在基础日粮中分别添加不同水平化学纯磷酸氢钙,日粮NPP水平分别为0.16%、0.24%、0.32%、0.40%、0.48%、0.56%;处理8～11在基础日粮中分别添加200、400、600 U&#8226;kg-1PHY A、400 U&#8226;kg-1美国进口植酸酶产品（PHY B）。【结果】肉鸡日增重随日粮NPP水平升高而增加,0.32%～0.56%组平均日增重显著高于对照组和0.16%组（P＜0.05）,0.48%组日增重最大;添加磷组肉鸡采食量显著高于对照组（P＜0.05）;0.40%组料重比最低,显著低于对照组（P＜0.05）;随日粮NPP水平升高肉鸡胫骨脱脂干骨重、干骨中磷含量和灰分中磷含量均显著升高,0.48%组达到最高,显著高于对照组、0.16%和0.24%组（P＜0.05）,添加磷组干骨中钙含量与灰分含量显著高于对照组（P＜0.05）。添加400、600 U&#8226;kg-1 PHY A和400 U&#8226;kg-1 PHY B显著提高了日增重、采食量和胫骨脱脂干骨重（P＜0.05）,添加2种植酸酶均显著提高了胫骨干骨中钙、磷含量与灰分中磷含量（P＜0.05）,添加600 U&#8226;kg-1 PHY A显著提高了干骨中灰分含量（P＜0.05）。【结论】22～42日龄满足黄羽肉鸡最佳生长和骨骼发育的NPP需要量为0.40%,PHY A的磷当量为685 U&#8226;kg-1。     

三种黄酮类植物雌激素对樱桃谷鸭钙磷代谢的影响

选用健康的1日龄樱桃谷鸭128只,随机分为4组,分别添加基础日粮、基础日粮+葛根异黄酮组 (10 mg／kg)、基础日粮+葛根素组(10 mg／kg)和基础日粮+大豆异黄酮组(10 mg／kg),分别于21日龄和42日龄屠宰对血清及骨骼里的钙磷及相关指标进行检测．结果发现前期大豆异黄酮的作用效果>葛根异黄酮>葛根素,后期葛根异黄酮的作用效果>大豆异黄酮>葛根素,能增加血清碱性磷酸酶的含量、降低抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶的含量,同时增加骨骼湿重、长度和钙的含量,说明不同时期的葛根异黄酮和大豆异黄酮可以促进骨的形成、抑制骨的吸收,从而维持骨的健康,且作用效果大小因生长阶段不同而异．     

Relative bioavailability of tribasic zinc sulfate for broilers fed a conventional corn-soybean meal diet

An experiment was carried out to investigate the relative bioavailability of tribasic zinc(Zn) sulfate relative to Zn sulfate for broilers fed a conventional corn-soybean meal diet. A total of 504 1-d-old Arbor Acres commercial male chicks were randomly assigned by body weight of birds to one of seven treatments involving a 2×3 factorial arrangement with three levels of added Zn(30, 60, or 90 mg of Zn kg–1) and two Zn sources(tribasic Zn sulfate and Zn sulfate) plus a control with no added Zn for an experimental phase of 14 d. Plasma Zn, tibia ash Zn, pancreas Zn, and pancreas metallothionein(MT) messenger RNA(m RNA) were analyzed at 6 or 14 d of age post-hatching. The results showed that plasma Zn, tibia ash Zn, pancreas Zn, and pancreas MT m RNA increased linearly(P0.002) as dietary Zn concentration increased at 6 or 14 d of age. The R2 for a linear model was greater on d 6 than on d 14 for the above 4 responsive criteria, and among these indices, the fitting of the tibia ash Zn concentration was the best(R2=0.99). Therefore, based on slope ratios from the multiple linear regressions of the above 4 indices of the birds at 6 d of age on daily intake of dietary Zn, the bioavailabilities of tribasic Zn sulfate relative to Zn sulfate(100%) were 95.6%(P=0.18), 83.5%(P=0.01), 87.9%(P=0.53), and 75.9%(P=0.38) for the tibia ash Zn, pancreas Zn, plasma Zn, and pancreas MT m RNA, respectively. The results indicated that generally, Zn from tribasic Zn sulfate was as available as Zn from Zn sulfate for broilers.     

Nonphytate Phosphorus Requirement and Efficacy of a Genetically Engineered Yeast Phytase for Yellow Broilers at 22- to 42-d-Old Age

An experiment was conducted to investigate the requirement of nonphytate phosphorus (OP) and efficacy of a genetically engineered yeast phytase (PHY A) for Lingnan yellow broilers from 22- to 42-d-old age. A total of 1320 1 -d-old male chicks were randomly divided into 11 dietary treatment groups, which consisted of 4 replicate floor pens with 30 birds per pen.The control group (treatment 1) was fed with basal diet of nPP 0.08% without dicalcium phosphate or phytase supplementation. Dietary levels of nPP were 0.16, 0.24, 0.32, 0.40, 0.48, and 0.56%, respectively, for treatments 2 to 7,through addition of dicalcium phosphate (chemistry grade) to the basal diet. Diets of treatments 8 to 11 were supplemented with PHY A at 200, 400 and 600 U kg-t, a commercial phytase product (PHY B) at 400 U kg-1 level, respectively. The birds in 0.32-0.56% nPP groups gained more than those of the other groups (P<0.05). The nPP supplementation significantly improved feed intake (P<0.05). The feed gain ratio was significantly decreased by 0.40% nPP diet compared to the control birds (P<0.05). The level of 0.48% nPP was required for optimum tibia development. The additions of PHY A at 400 and 600 U kg-1 level and PHY B all significantly improved ADG (P<0.05), ADFI (P<0.05), and dry defatted tibia weight (P<0.05).Similarly, the percentage of tibia ash was increased by 600 U kg-1 PHY A supplementation (P<0.05). The requirement of nPP for maximal ADG and highest percentage tibia ash both was 0.40%. The phosphorus equivalency value of PHY A was estimated as 685 U kg-1 for male yellow broilers of 22- to 42-d-old age.     

吉富罗非鱼饲料钙磷比研究

【目的】探讨饲料钙磷比(质量比)对吉富罗非鱼生长、饲料利用、磷表观消化率、体成分、骨组织无机物含量、血清生化指标的影响,确定吉富罗非鱼饲料中适宜的钙磷比。【方法】以磷酸二氢钾为磷源、氯化钙为钙源,分别配制等磷（总磷为9～10 g/kg）、等氮、等能、钙磷比理论值分别为2∶1,1.5∶1,1∶1,1∶1.5,1∶2和1∶3（实测值分别为1.8∶1,1.3∶1,1∶1.1,1∶1.5,1∶2.5和1∶2.9）的6组纯化饲料,用之饲养吉富罗非鱼（初始体质量为(46.03±2.14) g/尾）8周,每组设3个重复,测定其体质量增加率、饲料系数、磷表观消化率、体成分、骨组织无机物含量、血清生化指标等。用折线模型分别对供试罗非鱼的特定生长率、全鱼磷含量、脊椎骨磷含量和血清磷含量与饲料钙磷比水平进行相关分析,确定饲料中钙磷比的适宜水平。【结果】钙磷比为1∶1.1～1∶2.9的试验组鱼体质量增加率和特定生长率均显著高于钙磷比1.8∶1组(P＜0.05);钙磷比1∶2.5组的饲料系数显著低于1.8∶1组(P＜0.05),但与其他各组间无显著差异(P＞0.05);钙磷比1∶2.5组的磷表观消化率显著高于1.8∶1组、1.3∶1组和1∶2.9组(P＜0.05),但与1∶1.1组和1∶1.5组无显著差异(P＞0.05);饲料钙磷比对吉富罗非鱼的脏体比、肝体比、肥满度及成活率均无显著影响(P＞0.05)。随着饲料钙磷比的下降（钙水平的降低）,全鱼和脊椎骨的钙、磷含量均呈先升高后降低的趋势(P＜0.05),肌肉的粗脂肪含量呈升高趋势(P＜0.05),而全鱼和脊椎骨的粗灰分含量及Ca/P值均无显著变化(P＞0.05)。血清磷含量随饲料钙磷比的下降呈升高的趋势(P＜0.05),饲料钙磷比对血清钙含量无显著影响(P＞0.05);血清碱性磷酸酶活力和甲状旁腺激素含量均随饲料钙磷比的下降呈先升高后降低的趋势(P＜0.05),血清总胆固醇和甘油三酯的含量随饲料钙磷比的下降均呈先降低后升高的趋势(P＜0.05)。【结论】吉富罗非鱼要获得最大的特定生长率、全鱼磷含量、脊椎骨磷含量和血清磷含量,其饲料中最适钙磷比分别应为1∶1.5,1∶1.1,1∶1.1和1∶2.4,据此建议在饲料总磷水平为9～10 g/kg时,吉富罗非鱼饲料中钙磷比的适宜水平为1∶1.1～1∶1.5。     

Effect of dietary supplementation with flavonoid from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi on growth performance,meat quality and antioxidative ability of broilers

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation with flavonoid from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi(SBGFN) as SBGFN-zinc(SBGFN-Zn) on growth performance, meat quality, immune responses and antioxidation of broilers. A total of 450 one-d-old Arbor Acres male broilers were randomly allocated to 5 treatments with 6 replicates of 15 birds per replicate for each treatment in a completely randomized design. Birds were fed a SBGFN-unsupplemented cornsoybean meal basal diet(control) or the basal diet supplemented with 60, 120, 180 or 240 mg SBGFN kg~(–1) from SBGFN-Zn for 42 d. Dietary SBGFN supplementation affected(P0.03) drip loss in thigh muscle, total superoxide dismutase(T-SOD) and glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px) activity in liver of broilers at 42 d of age. Chicks fed the diets supplemented with 120, 180 and 240 mg SBGFN kg~(–1) had lower(P0.03) drip loss of thigh muscle than those fed the control diet. Chicks fed the diet supplemented with 180 mg SBGFN kg~(–1) had higher(P0.03) liver T-SOD and GSH-Px activity than those fed the diets supplemented with 0, 60 and 120 mg SBGFN kg~(–1). The results from the present study indicate that dietary supplementation with 180 mg SBGFN kg~(–1) as SBGFN-Zn improved both meat quality and antioxidative ability of broilers.     

沙棘叶粉对AA肉鸡生产性能和钙代谢的影响

为了检测沙棘叶粉作为一种饲料添加剂对爱拔益加(AA)肉鸡生产性能和钙代谢的作用效果,试验选择健康的1日龄AA肉仔鸡公雏240只.按体重相近的原则,随机分成4组:对照组(玉米-豆粕型基础饲粮)、基础饲粮+0.25%沙棘叶粉组、基础饲粮+0.5%沙棘叶粉组、基础饲粮+1%沙棘叶粉组.每组6个重复,每个重复10只.饲养试验共...     

低磷高镁对蛋雏鸡胫骨发育的影响

蛋雏鸡在玉米－豆饼型日粮，正常磷高镁时，胫骨中镁含量显著升高（Ｐ＜０．０５），钙和磷含量显著低于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５），钙与磷的比值显著低于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５），鲜骨重显著降低（Ｐ＜０．０５），胫骨的最大抗压能力和骨灰含量有所降低，但差异不显著（Ｐ＜０．０５）。低磷高镁时，胫骨中镁含量显著升高（Ｐ＜０．０５），磷含量显著低于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５），低于正常磷高镁组，但差异不显著（Ｐ＞０．０５），钙与磷的比值低于对照组，但差异不显著（Ｐ＞０．０５），而比值确显著高于正常磷高镁组（Ｐ＜０．０５），鲜胫骨长、鲜胫骨重、最大抗压能力。骨灰含量都显著低于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５），     

43-63日龄黄羽肉鸡锌需要量的研究

 【目的】研究日粮锌添加水平对黄羽肉鸡生长性能、抗氧化机能、免疫功能、组织锌沉积等的影响,探讨43—63日龄黄羽肉鸡的锌需要量。【方法】选用43日龄健康的快大型岭南黄羽肉公鸡1 080只,根据体重随机分成6组,每组6个重复,每个重复30只鸡。处理1(空白对照组)为基础日粮,锌水平为18 mg?kg-1,处理2、3、4、5、6分别在基础日粮上添加20、40、60、80、120 mg?kg-1锌。试验周期为21 d。【结果】在本试验条件下,日粮添加锌对鸡生长性能无显著影响(P＞0.05)。添加锌显著提高鸡血清GSH-Px、CuZnSOD、AKP活性(P＜0.05),显著增加血清GSH含量、血清及胫骨Zn含量、血清及肝脏MT含量(P＜0.05),其中添加60 mg?kg-1锌改善血清AKP活性和胫骨Zn含量效果最佳。日粮添加20—40 mg?kg-1锌显著提高鸡胸腺指数,添加20—80 mg?kg-1锌显著提高鸡法氏囊指数(P＜0.05),但日粮添加锌对63日龄鸡脾脏指数、肝脏CuZnSOD活性和胫骨灰分含量均无显著影响(P＞0.05)。【结论】仅考虑生长性能,玉米豆粕型日粮不需添加锌;以血清AKP活性、胫骨Zn含量为衡量指标,43—63日龄黄羽肉鸡日粮锌适宜水平为78 mg?kg-1。通过非线性回归模型估测日粮锌适宜水平分别为81、60 mg?kg-1。     

Effectiveness of dietary xylo-oligosaccharides for broilers fed a conventional corn-soybean meal diet

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation of xylo-oligosaccharides(XOS) on growth performance, meat quality, immune functions, duodenal morphology and intestinal microbial populations of broilers fed a conventional corn-soybean meal basal diet. A total of 450 1-day-old commercial Arbor Acres male broiler chicks were randomly allocated by bodyweight to 1 of 5 treatments with 6 replicate cages(15 broilers per cage) for each of 5 treatments in a completely randomized design. Chicks were fed the basal corn-soybean meal diets supplemented with 0, 25, 50, 75, or 100 mg of XOS kg–1 of diet, respectively, for an experimental duration of 42 days. The results showed that supplementation of XOS affected feed conversion rate(feed/gain, F/G) during days 22–42 and 1–42(P0.03), drip loss in thigh muscle(P=0.02), and duodenal crypt depth(P=0.005) on day 42, but had no effect(P0.05) on all other measured indices. The chicks fed the diet supplemented with 100 mg of XOS kg–1 had the lowest(P0.05) F/G and drip loss in thigh muscle. The drip loss in thigh muscle decreased linearly(P=0.003) as the supplemented XOS increased. Duodenal crypt depth decreased(P0.05) at the supplemental level of 75 mg of XOS kg–1. The results indicate that dietary supplementations of 75 and 100 mg of XOS kg–1 are beneficial to broilers fed a conventional corn-soybean meal diet.     

脲酶抑制剂对肉仔鸡代谢氨浓度的影响

采用 4处理 (0 ,6 0 ,90 ,12 0 m g/kg脲酶抑制剂添加组 ) 3重复单因子设计 ,每个处理 10 6只 AA商品肉仔鸡 ,试验期共为 4 9d,研究了脲酶抑制剂对肉仔鸡血氨、肠氨及环境氨气浓度的影响。结果表明 ,各浓度脲酶抑制剂添加组均显著降低了 2 1d肉仔鸡血氨、大肠内容物氨气浓度 (P<0 .0 5 ) ;12 0 m g/kg脲酶抑制剂添加组显著降低了 2 1d小肠氨气浓度 (P<0 .0 5 ) ;90 ,12 0 mg/kg脲酶抑制剂添加组显著降低了 4 2 d肉仔鸡小肠氨气浓度 ;各浓度脲酶抑制剂添加组均显著或极显著地降低了人工气候舱内氨气浓度 (P<0 .0 5或 P<0 .0 1)。     

树舌发酵浸膏多糖对肉鸡肠黏膜组织结构及肠道免疫细胞的影响

为研究肉鸡日粮中添加树舌发酵浸膏多糖(Polysaccharides from the fermentation concentrate of Ganoderma applanatum(Pers.ex Gray.),GAP)对肉鸡肠黏膜结构及上皮内淋巴细胞和杯状细胞数量的影响,选用1日龄健康AA肉鸡225只,随机分成5个处理组,每组3次重复,每次重复15只。5个处理组分别为空白对照组(基础日粮)、抗生素阳性对照组(基础日粮+5mg/kg黄霉素)和3个GAP组(基础日粮中分别添加0.05%、0.10%和0.20%GAP),试验期42d。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,日粮中添加0.10%和0.20%的GAP可显著增加肉鸡肠绒毛高度(P0.05),降低隐窝深度(P0.05),提高肠绒毛高度和隐窝深度的比值(V/C)(P0.05);2)与对照组相比,日粮中添加0.10%和0.20%GAP显著升高小肠各段的上皮内淋巴细胞和杯状细胞数量(P0.05);3)小肠各段上皮内淋巴细胞和杯状细胞数量随年龄增长而逐渐增多;4)同一日龄各试验组的上皮内淋巴细胞数量从十二指肠到回肠递减,而杯状细胞则呈递增趋势。以上结果提示:在肉鸡日粮中添加GAP可显著改善肉鸡小肠黏膜结构,维持肠道黏膜的正常屏障结构,促进肉鸡健康生长。其中以0.10%GAP添加量效果最好。     

饲料中过量的铜、锌对产蛋鸡部分脏器中矿物元素含量的影响

在玉米——豆饼型基础饲料中添加过量铜(300ppm)和/或锌(3000ppm),饲予315日龄(满45周龄)产蛋鸡(来航),研究了饲料中过量的铜、锌对产蛋鸡的肝脏、胫骨及输卵管中矿物元素含量的影响,结果如下:①饲料中过量锌使肝脏和胫骨中锌含量显著升高(P<0.01),铜和锰含量显著下降(P<0.01)。②饲料中过量的铜使肝脏和胫骨中铜含量最著升高(P<0.01),使胫骨中锌和肝脏中锰和镁的含量显著升高(P<0.05)。③饲料中过量的铜和锌对输卵管中的锌、铜、钙、镁、钾、钠、铁的含量无显著影响(P>0.05)。     

制粒温度对饲喂含植酸酶日粮肉仔鸡生长性能及钙磷利用的影响

选用160只1日龄肉仔鸡随机分为4组，每组设4个重复，以正常磷日粮为对照，研究在低磷日粮中添加植酸酶，分别于不同温度（75℃、80℃、85℃）制粒对肉仔鸡生长性能及钙、磷利用的影响。结果表明：①不同制粒温度条件下，低磷日粮添加植酸酶均可提高肉仔鸡的平均日增重和饲料利用率，75℃组好于其他温度组；②与对照组比较，2、3、4组肉仔鸡磷排出量（g／kg采食日粮）分别降低了33．45％、32．41％和29．66％（P〈O．05）；③除75℃组胫骨长度显著高于对照组外（P〈O．05），各试验组各项胫骨指标与对照组差异均不显著（P〉O．05）；④各组血清磷、血清钙、血清碱性磷酸酶差异不显著（P〉O．05）；⑤与对照组比较，各试验组的总磷、钙、粗蛋白、干物质表观消化率均提高（P〉O．05）。     

不同磷酸二氢钙含量饲料中添加植酸酶对建鲤生长、磷利用、体组成和消化酶活性的影响

以初始体重为(12.8±0.2)g的建鲤(Cyprinus carpio var.Jian)为研究对象,探讨了在不同磷酸二氢钙含量饲料中添加包被酸性植酸酶对建鲤生长性能、磷利用率、体组成和肠消化酶活性的影响。共设5组饲料,即磷酸二氢钙含量分别为2.5%、2.0%、1.6%的3组饲料,及在2.0%、1.6%磷酸二氢钙饲料中添加2 000U/kg植酸酶的两组饲料。90 d的养殖实验结果表明:2.5%磷酸二氢钙组具有最高鱼体增重率,最低饲料系数和最低全鱼脂肪含量;1.6%磷酸二氢钙组的生长性能最低,全鱼脂肪含量最高;在2.0%磷酸二氢钙饲料中添加植酸酶,对生长、磷储积率和全鱼组成均没有显著影响,但提高了磷表观消化率和肠脂肪酶活性;在1.6%磷酸二氢钙饲料中添加植酸酶显著提高了鱼体增重率、磷表观消化率、磷储积率和全鱼粗蛋白、灰分含量(P0.05),降低了饲料系数和全鱼粗脂肪含量(P0.05),但对肠消化酶活性没有显著影响。上述结果表明:在含1.6%磷酸二氢钙饲料中添加包被酸性植酸酶可促进建鲤生长,降低鱼体粗脂肪含量,提高磷表观消化率和磷储积率。     

Performance and Nutrient Utilization of Layers Fed Diet Supplemented with Microbial Phytase and Cellulase

1　Introduction　　The majority of the P in cereal grains and oilseed meals is organically bound as phytic acid orphytate.Phytate has potential to form insoluble complexes with protein and minerals such as P and Ca ,Cu ,Fe ,Mn ,Zn 〔1,2〕,which can negatively affect availabilities and digestibilities of minerals,protein or aminoacids〔3 ,4〕.Furthermore,phytate is also able to bind endogenous proteases such as trypsin and chymotrypsinin the gastrointestinal tract〔5〕,and these complexes ma…     

Effect of dietary supplementation of pyrroloquinoline quinone disodium on growth performance,meat quality and antioxidative ability of broilers

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation with pyrroloquinoline quinone(PQQ) in the form of PQQ disodium(PQQ·Na2) on the growth performance, carcass traits, meat quality and antioxidative ability of broilers. A total of 720 one-d-old Arbor Acres male broilers were randomly allocated to 1 of 6 treatments with 8 replicates of 15 birds per replicate in a completely randomized design. Birds were fed a PQQ·Na2-unsupplemented corn-soybean meal basal diet(control) or the basal diet supplemented with 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 or 0.5 mg PQQ·Na2 kg–1 for 42 d. Compared with the control chicks, the chicks fed the diets supplemented with PQQ·Na2 had lower(P0.05) feed:gain(F/G) during the grower phase and drip losses of breast muscles on day 42. As supplemental PQQ·Na2 level increased, plasma total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC) on d 42, liver T-AOC on d 21 and heart T-AOC on d 21 and 42 increased linearly(P0.05), but malondialdehyde concentrations in plasma, liver and heart on d 21 or 42 decreased linearly(P0.001) or quadratically(P0.005). The results from the present study indicate that dietary supplemental PQQ·Na2 can improve antioxidant ability and meat quality of broilers, and in general, it is implied that the optimal supplemental PQQ·Na2 level is 0.1 mg kg–1 of diet for broilers from 1 to 42 d of age.     

植酸酶对肉鸭生产性能及钙磷代谢影响研究

选取同日出壳的健康樱桃谷肉鸭120羽；经1周预饲后．随机分成2组．以玉米—豆粕型基础日粮进行饲喂。其中一组添加400u／kg植酸酶，以研究植酸酶对樱桃谷鸭生产性能、胫骨和血液中钙磷含量，碱性磷酸酶及饲料中钙、磷利用率和粪便中磷排泄量的影响。试验结果表明，在相对低的无机磷日粮中，添加植酸酶可使鸭生长性能改善，提高胫骨中灰份、钙磷的沉积，提高钙、总磷和植酸磷的利用率，并减少粪磷的排出，同时使血钙、血磷浓度和碱性磷酸酶的活性维持在正常水平。