豇豆豆野螟的发生规律与防治技术

豆野螟是苏州地区豇豆上的1种主要害虫。近年来,随着种植结构的调整,豇豆种植面积不断扩大,该虫发生有逐年加重的趋势。由于豆野螟是1种钻蛀性害虫,用药防治的时间性很强,一旦错过防治适期,即使连续多次用药,也达不到理想效果。为提高防治效果,特对豆野螟的发生规律与防治技术进行了调查和试     

第三代豆野螟防治意见

豆野螟是我市夏秋豇豆主要害虫之一,每年花蕾被害率均在４０％～９０％,荚被害率１０％～３０％。豆野螟在我市一年发生５代,以３、４、５代发生和危害较为严重,在这期间世代重叠严重,由于豇豆播种是不间断播种,给豆野螟提供了丰富食源,加上菜价下跌,农民放弃防治...     

豆野螟在扁豆上的发生与防治

豆野螟在扁豆上的发生与防治林美新王伟民蔡鹤良（上海市青浦县植保站２０１７００）吴永明（徐泾乡科技站）豆野螟（ＭａｒｕｃａｔｅｓｔｕｌａｌｉｓＧｅｙｅｒ）属鳞翅目螟蛾科，是扁豆开花结荚期的主要害虫。以幼虫钻蛀扁豆的花蕾、花瓣、嫩荚和籽粒，不仅使扁豆结荚...     

10种农药防治豇豆豆野螟田间药效试验

豆野螟又名豇豆荚螟、豆荚野螟、豇豆螟等,是湖北省豇豆夏秋季主要害虫,以幼虫蛀食豇豆花与果荚,造成落花与烂荚,还能吐丝卷叶在内蚕食叶片,严重影响豇豆的产量和品质,一般年份豇豆豆荚受害率达30％,严重时达50％以上,连作豇豆田生长后期豆荚受害率可达70％以上。目前豇豆豆野螟的防治仍然以化学防治为主,为有效地控制豆野螟为害,同时降低豇豆农药残毒,选择7种低毒化学农药和3种生物农药对豆野螟进行了田间药效试验。     

几种新农药防治豆野螟的药效及其防治策略

目前生产上防治豆野螟的理想药剂较少,为筛选新的高效、低毒、有效农药,笔者于近年来,采用了几种不同类型的新农药对豆野螟的防治进行了田间药效试验,并依据相关数据对药剂防治策略进行探讨。     

莱阳市豆荚野螟发生规律与防治方法探讨

豆荚野螟又叫豆野螟、豆角钻心虫,是豇豆开花结荚期的主要害虫。该虫蛀食豇豆的花蕾和嫩荚,造成早期落蕾、落花,中、后期钻入荚内,蛀食豆粒并排出粪便,影响产品商品价值。由于菜农对其生活习性及发生规律不甚了解,抓不住防治适期,乱用农药,导致豇豆农药残留超标。为此,笔者于20     

豇虫荚螟的识别及防治

豇虫荚螟的识别及防治黄旭正（广西植保总站）豇豆螟荚ＭａｒｕｃａｔｅｓｔｕｌａｌｉｓＧｅｙｅｒ又叫豆角螟、豆野螟、大豆卷叶螟、豆钻心虫，其幼虫蛀食豆荚或卷叶取食，为害豆角、四季豆、黄豆、绿豆、饭豆等豆科作物的花蕾豆荚，还为害苕子、紫云英等绿肥。受害作物...     

“闪讯~(TM)”害虫远程实时监测系统在蔬菜害虫监测应用初探

采用"闪讯~(TM)"害虫远程实时监测系统监测蔬菜斜纹夜蛾、甜菜夜蛾、小菜蛾、豆野螟等害虫发生动态,结果显示:斜纹夜蛾、甜菜夜蛾、小菜蛾、豆野螟等害虫在2015年4月至11月均有发生;斜纹夜蛾发生高峰期在9月和11月,甜菜夜蛾的在5月、6月、9月,小菜蛾的在4月、5月、10月,豆野螟的在5月和6月;信息化和自动化程度高,应用于蔬菜害虫测报省工、省力、实用、高效、准确、先进。     

如何防治豇豆豆野螟

豆野螟是豆科蔬菜上的重要害虫 ,主要危害豇豆、菜豆等豆科作物 ,它以幼虫蛀食豆荚、花瓣、造成落花落荚 ,对产量和品质影响极大。今夏以来 ,由于天气持续高温干旱 ,使豆野螟的危害加重。据我站在东西湖吴家山农场、慈惠农场、洪山区和平乡等调查点的系统调查 ,目前豆野螟在豇豆上危害最盛 ,一般田块株被害率 85 %～ 95 % ,花被害率 80 %以上 ,果荚被害率 2 5 %～ 30 %。豆野螟在我市一年发生 5代 ,以 2、 3、 4代发生量大、为害重。该虫有转移为害习性 ,花、荚受害不久便脱落 ,幼虫又能重返植株为害 ,老熟幼虫在植株附近浅土层内作土茧化蛹…     

瓜绢螟的识别及绿色防控

瓜绢螟Diaphania indica Saunders是在我国大部分地区广泛存在的一类螟蛾科的害虫,主要为害葫芦科各种瓜类及番茄、茄子等蔬菜。近些年来,随着瓜类蔬菜种植面积增加,瓜绢螟的为害也越来越重。本文综述了瓜绢螟的生物学特征,阐述了当前在瓜绢螟防治方面存在的问题以及对瓜绢螟的综合防治等方面的研究进展,为瓜绢螟的防治提供参考。     

南美斑潜蝇对寄主的选择及虫源变迁研究

研究明确蚕豆作物是南美斑潜蝇最喜嗜寄主 ,危害严重。秋播蚕豆生长季节 ,南美斑潜蝇嗜好的敏感作物除蚕豆外 ,还有莴苣、牛皮菜、菠菜、芹菜、白菜、芥蓝菜及春马铃薯等。研究表明 ,莴苣、牛皮菜等是秋播蚕豆出苗前后的主要虫源地 ;春季蔬菜及烤烟苗上南美斑潜蝇虫源主要来自蚕豆田。     

斯氏线虫在进境原木害虫检疫处理上的应用前景

本文综述了我国进境原木上截获的主要害虫类群；总结了目前进境原木害虫的检疫处理技术；重点介绍了斯氏线虫Steinernema sp．对钻蛀性害虫的防治研究，探讨了斯氏线虫在进境原木害虫检疫处理上的应用前景，提出了应用斯氏线虫防治进境原木害虫所存在的问题及今后的研究方向。     

Synergistic effect of Beauveria bassiana and spirodiclofen on the two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae)

The two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae), is one of the most important pests in agriculture. Due to its short life cycle and high reproductive rate, this pest has become resistant to most acaricides. Therefore, finding alternative control strategies for this damaging pest is necessary. Application of microbiological agents with minimum concentrations of acaricides is a very suitable tactic in integrated pest management. In the present study, lethal effects of a chemical acaricide – spirodiclofen, and an Iranian strain of the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana, were evaluated on different life stages of the two-spotted spider mite on two host plants, bean and cucumber. In the next step, compatibility of acaricide with the fungus was studied regarding conidial germination and vegetative growth of the fungus in the presence of different concentrations of the acaricide. Finally, the acaricide at rates of LC₂₅ with the fungus at LC₅₀ were sprayed on adult female mites. The results showed that immature stages of T. urticae were more susceptible to the acaricide whereas the adults were more susceptible to the fungus. Also, mites reared on cucumber were significantly more susceptible to the acaricide and fungus than those reared on bean. Spirodiclofen and the fungus had a synergistic effect; percentage of mortality for fungus infection was 48.6% and 53.5% on bean and cucumber, respectively, while it was 80.6% on bean and 84.5% on cucumber when the mite was sprayed with both the fungus and the acaricide.     

不同寄主植物对苜蓿盲蝽种群增长的影响

在自然变温条件下研究了4种寄主植物对苜蓿盲蝽生长、发育和繁殖的影响。结果表明:取食不同寄主植物的苜蓿盲蝽,其发育历期、存活率、若虫平均体重、成虫的繁殖力、寿命及各生命参数均有明显差异。供试植物中,苜蓿为嗜食寄主,棉花次之,莱豆和芝麻为非嗜食寄主。此研究为棉田合理的间套方式提供了依据。     

三营养级体系烟盲蝽对温室内不同作物种类的选择性

在温室内采用笼罩观察,通过选择性和非选择性试验,在两营养级(作物-天敌)的基础上进一步研究了三营养级(作物-天敌-害虫)体系中烟盲蝽对5种不同植物种类的选择性。以落虫量为选择指标,烟盲蝽成虫选择性结果表明:黄瓜+粉虱成虫、番茄+粉虱成虫、茄子+粉虱成虫、菜豆+粉虱成虫之间不存在差异显著性,但对油菜+蚜虫的选择性较好。烟盲蝽成虫非选择性试验,以其产卵后初孵若蝽量和死亡率为衡量指标,结果表明,烟盲蝽初孵若虫量之间存在显著差异,排序为:黄瓜>番茄>油菜>菜豆>茄子;烟盲蝽死亡率之间存在显著差异,排序为:菜豆+粉虱成虫>茄子+粉虱成虫>番茄+粉虱成虫>黄瓜+粉虱成虫>油菜+蚜虫。烟盲蝽若虫选择性试验,以羽化率为选择指标,结果为:油菜+蚜虫>番茄+粉虱若虫>黄瓜+粉虱若虫>菜豆+粉虱若虫>茄子+粉虱若虫。另外,在茄子+粉虱若虫上的死亡率最高为90.5%,其次为菜豆+粉虱若虫90%,黄瓜+粉虱若虫71.4%,番茄+粉虱若虫42.9%,油菜+蚜虫40%。     

菜豆象在中国的风险性分析

运用有害生物危险性分析(PestRiskAnalysis,PRA)的方法,从国内分布状况、潜在为害性、寄主植物经济重要性、传播扩散的可能性以及危险性的管理难度等方面,综合评价了菜豆象的危险性。结果表明,菜豆象的综合风险性值为2.09,对我国是具有高度危险性的有害生物,并提出了相关风险性管理对策。     

枣疯病的媒介昆虫——凹缘菱纹叶蝉生物学和防治研究

凹缘菱纹叶蝉(Hishimonus sellatus Uhler)在国内分布广泛,食性杂,主要为害枣类、芝麻、月季花、桑等。该虫1年发生3代,主要以成虫在松、柏树上越冬,部分以卵越冬。用辛硫磷、杀灭菊酯、1605等农药效果显著。     

Insect Pests and Mites

Abstract

Weeds are major components of agro-ecosystems and they affect the biology of pests and beneficial insects in several ways; provision of flowers, presence of neutral insects, modification of crop microclimate, production of chemical stimulus, alteration of colonisation background, etc. The more relevant beneficial crop–weed–insect interactions are discussed. The role of weeds in regulating pest populations is illustrated by studies on bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cropping systems, in which chemical interactions between Empoasca kraemeri Ross &; Moore and two grass weeds were identified. It is proposed to continue and develop this kind of research in order to incorporate weeds into pest control strategies.     

Selection of colour of sticky trap for monitoring adult bean thrips, Caliothrips fasciatus (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)

Adult bean thrips, Caliothrips fasciatus (Pergande), overwintering inside the navel of navel oranges shipped from California to Australia, are an actionable pest for the importing country, i.e. infested lots are fumigated with methyl bromide. Strict quarantine regulations regarding C. fasciatus prompted studies on the best colour sticky trap that might be used to monitor for bean thrips populations in the vicinity of California citrus groves prior to harvesting fruit for export. Preliminary experiments identified the most attractive trap of each of four colours (blue, green, white, yellow) commonly used to sample adult Thysanoptera. Three trials of a field study were conducted, comparing C. fasciatus capture on the best card of each colour using asparagus ferns naturally infested with high levels of this pest. Based on significantly higher catch on green sticky cards, this colour trap is recommended for potential use in California's bean thrips mitigation plan designed to reduce thrips levels on citrus exported to Australia.     

田间小豆绿豆象卵空间分布型初探

采用5点取样法对北京地区夏播小豆田进行了调查,发现绿豆象在小豆鼓粒初期已将卵产到豆荚上,9月上、中旬为产卵高峰期,并逐渐发育成幼虫侵入豆粒中。绿豆象卵在小豆荚上的空间分布型为聚集分布,其聚集原因是由环境因素引起。9月10-15日是控制北京地区夏播小豆田间绿豆象产卵及卵发育的较好时机。