不同提取工艺制备的海藻肥在盆栽小油菜上的肥效研究

为对比不同提取工艺制备的海藻肥在小油菜上的肥效,通过设置盆栽试验,对酸提海藻液、酸-碱提海藻液、史丹利酶提海藻液、史丹利微生物提海藻液在小油菜上的施用效果进行研究。结果表明：史丹利酶提海藻液、微生物提海藻液反应条件温和、易于制备,产品外观细腻稳定,海藻酸、赤霉素、吲哚乙酸等有效物质含量高,从工艺和产品品质方面优于酸提海藻液和酸-碱提海藻液;施用史丹利微生物提海藻液处理的油菜株高、叶绿素值均显著高于其他处理,其中株高和叶绿素值分别比酸-碱提海藻液处理高13.3%和22.5%、比酸提海藻液处理高23.5%和26.9%;施用微生物提、酶提海藻液处理的小油菜间地上植株鲜重与干重均无显著差异,均显著高于其他处理,其中微生物提海藻液处理鲜重分别比酸-碱提海藻液和酸提海藻液处理高12.6%和15.8%。研究表明,4 种提取工艺制备的海藻肥的肥效为：酸提海藻液＜酸-碱提海藻液＜史丹利酶提海藻液＜史丹利微生物提海藻液。     

真空浸糖樱桃番茄果脯加工工艺研究

采用护色硬化、真空浸糖等工艺对樱桃番茄低糖果脯影响的研究,结果表明采用1%柠檬酸溶液护色, 2%δ-葡萄糖酸内酯浸泡硬化,6g/kg海藻酸钠作保形处理,在真空为0.09 MPa、糖液温度为55℃,浸糖时间80 min后,温度65 ℃下干制12 h,可获得品质、外观和口感均较好的低糖樱桃番茄果脯。     

MgO对高铝高炉渣脱硫的影响及其动力学分析

随着廉价高铝铁矿石的不断使用,高炉炉渣内Al₂O₃含量也随之升高,这势必会影响高炉炉渣的各项冶金性能。为深入研究高铝高炉渣脱硫性能,明确MgO含量对高铝渣脱硫性能的影响,笔者通过改变高铝渣中MgO的含量,分别设定渣中MgO含量为5%、9%、13% MgO,研究不同MgO含量高炉高铝渣的脱硫性能及其脱硫动力学。结果表明：MgO含量不仅对高铝渣的黏度、脱硫能力有不同的影响,还使炉渣的脱硫速率发生了很大的改变。MgO含量越高对应的黏度越低,脱硫能力越大;但脱硫速率却表现出了不同规律,9% MgO的脱硫速率表现为最大;经过综合比较,当碱度固定为1.1、Al₂O₃含量固定为17%时,MgO含量为9%的炉渣同时具有较好的粘度和脱硫性能。     

利用海带渣制备乙醇的可行性分析及高效水解技术的研究

利用生物质制取燃料乙醇越来越受到重视,组成复杂的生物质高效降解是发酵生产乙醇的关键技术。为利用海带渣制备燃料乙醇,从海带渣的原料组分入手,分析利用海带渣制备燃料乙醇的可行性,并研究海带渣的单因素水解及复合水解技术。结果表明,利用海带渣制备燃料乙醇是可行的;单独使用超高压技术并不能使海带渣多糖降解,而超高压酸解-酶解联合水解为最佳水解方案,在最优工艺条件下海带渣多糖的水解率可高达85.16%。     

大孔吸附树脂分离枇杷叶科罗索酸的研究

为研究大孔吸附树脂分离枇杷叶科罗索酸的工艺条件及参数,以枇杷叶为原料,通过高效液相色谱法测定枇杷叶科罗索酸浓度,采用乙醇浸提法提取枇杷叶科罗索酸,并用活性炭进行脱色和大孔吸附树脂分离提取液中的科罗索酸。试验结果枇杷叶中科罗索酸提取得量为7.76 mg/g 干粉;枇杷叶提取液脱色条件为：氢氧化钠用量0.2%,活性炭用量1.5%,脱色温度为70℃,脱色时间20 min,枇杷叶提取液的色素去除率达90%,科罗索酸回收率为91.2%;大孔树脂分离静态试验结果表明,NKA9 大孔吸附树脂较适合枇杷叶科罗索酸的分离纯化,静态吸附率为96.3%,解吸率为80.9%。动态试验结果表明,枇杷叶科罗索酸的分离工艺参数为：上样流速为3 BV/h,洗脱剂体积分数为90%乙醇,用量为7 BV,洗脱流速为3 BV/h,获得科罗索酸的纯度为43.12%。     

利用菠萝皮渣酶法制备低聚木糖的研究

以菠萝皮渣为原料,采用酸碱处理法从菠萝皮渣中提取菠萝皮渣纤维,主要对木聚糖酶酶解菠萝皮渣纤维制备低聚木糖的工艺进行研究。采用单因素试验法分析影响酶解效果的主要因素,利用正交试验优化酶解法的最佳工艺条件。结果表明,制备的菠萝皮渣纤维主要成分为粗纤维,约占90.09%,其中纤维素56.71%,半纤维素32.20%,酸不溶性木质素0.48%;木聚糖酶酶解菠萝皮渣粗纤维最优条件为反应温度50℃,pH值6,底物质量浓度60 mg/mL,酶用量1 650 U,反应时间3 h,提取率为12.27%,低聚木糖平均聚合度DP为2.38。     

壳聚糖制备工艺的研究

探讨壳聚糖的简易制备方法。结果表明,采用两步酸浸工艺,稀碱液脱蛋白质,浓碱液脱乙酰可制得脱乙酰度77%以上的产品。     

喷施不同形态硅对温室番茄生长发育及品质的影响

为了解决日光温室番茄生产中作物生长受阻、品质不高的问题,应用田间小区试验,研究叶面喷施不同形态硅（无机硅和有机硅）对日光温室番茄生长发育和品质的影响。结果表明：叶面喷施2种形态硅均能显著促进番茄生长发育,但无机硅(ISi)处理优于有机硅(OSi)处理。与对照相比,ISi处理植株叶绿素含量、茎粗和单果重分别增加6.03%~9.53%、8.74%~12.97%和35.06%,OSi处理分别增加5.60%~6.17%、5.35%~8.81%和26.37%;叶面喷施2种形态硅均能显著改善番茄品质,但OSi处理效果更优。与对照相比,ISi处理Vc和可溶性糖含量分别增加21.03%和15.82%,可滴定酸和硝酸盐含量分别降低11.40%和11.05%;OSi处理Vc和可溶性糖含量分别增加44.29%和23.91%,可滴定酸和硝酸盐含量分别降低13.66%和25.80%。     

含钼铜精矿氧化焙烧-浸出分离钼研究

四川攀西地区的含钼铜精矿中,由于钼、铜矿物组成复杂,共生关系紧密,提出了氧化焙烧-浸出工艺进一步分离钼。将试样置入焙烧炉中进行氧化焙烧,使硫化物转化为CuO、MoO₃、Fe₂O₃等氧化物后;添加NaOH、H₂O与MoO₃反应生成可溶性Na₂MoO₄,浸出渣作为铜精矿产品。研究结果表明：铜、钼等以氧化物形式赋存于焙烧矿中,氧化焙烧矿中的硫含量较低为0.53%,硫以SO₂气相形式挥发;在焙烧温度650℃、焙烧时间120 min、氢氧化钠用量为30%、浸出温度60℃、浸出时间120 min、浸出液固比2∶1的综合条件下,钼的浸出率为94.24%,铜精矿（浸出渣）中铜的质量分数为24.27%,钼分离效果明显。     

纳米纤维素包装膜制备工艺优化

以纳米TiO2质量分数、LiCl质量分数、凝固浴质量分数和凝固浴温度为自变量,研究其对纳米纤维素包装膜的机械性能的影响。在单因素试验结果的基础上,通过响应面分析法优化纳米纤维素包装膜制备工艺。结果表明,纳米纤维素包装膜制备的最佳工艺条件为：纳米TiO2质量分数2%,LiCl质量分数11%,凝固浴质量分数16.5%,凝固浴温度7 ℃,该条件下制得的纳米纤维素包装膜的拉伸强度为29.35 MPa。     

A note on the origin of Kalanchoë x vadensis Boom & Zeilinga (Crassulaceae)

Summary K x vadensis is a hybrid of K. blossfeldiana and K. marmorata obtained after doubling the number of chromosomes.     

Location of a high-lysine gene and the DDT-resistance gene on barley chromosome 7

Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans.     

Simultaneous Determination of Four Phenolic Acids in Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae Formula Granules by QAMS

[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol...     

Avoidance of leaf rust fungi in wild relatives of cultivated cereals

Summary Avoidance of rust fungi that was based on poor appressorium induction was previously found in Hordeum chilense. In the present study 95 accessions of Triticeae were screened for avoidance of Puccinia hordei. The percentage of appressorium formation per germinated spore ranged from 6 to 90%. On none of the 41 accessions of Aegilops, Agropyron, Elymus, Secale, Thinopyrum or Triticum studied was the rate of appressorium formation lower than 25%. Lower rates of appressorium formation were, however, found on accessions of wild barley species Hordeum brachyantherum, H. marinum, H. parodii and H. secalinum. Its implications in cereal breeding are discussed.     

Present status and future strategy in breeding faba beans (Vicia Faba L.) for resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses

Progress is being made, mainly by ICARDA but also elsewhere, in breeding for resistance to Botrytis, AScochyta, Uromyces, and Orobanche; and some lines have resistance to more than one pathogen. The strategy is to extend multiple resistance but also to seek new and durable forms of resistance. Internationally coordinated programs are needed to maintain the momentum of this work.Tolerance of abiotic stresses leads to types suited to dry or cold environments rather than broad adaptability, but in this cross-pollinated species, the more hybrid vigor expressed by a cultivar, the more it is likely to tolerate various stresses.     

Water Extraction Process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning

[Objectives]To optimize the water extraction process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning and establish a method for its extraction and content determination...     

Mechanisms and diversity of resistance to sorghum shoot fly,Atherigona soccata

Sorghum shoot fly, Atherigona soccata, is one of the important pests of postrainy season sorghums. Of the 90 sorghum genotypes evaluated for resistance to this pest, RHRB 12, ICSV 713, 25026, 93046 and 25027, IS 33844‐5, Giddi Maldandi and RVRT 3 exhibited resistance in postrainy season, while ICSB 463, Phule Anuradha, RHRB 19, Parbhani Moti, ICSV 705, PS 35805, IS 5480, 5622, 17726, 18368 and 34722, RVRT 1, ICSR 93031 and Dagidi Solapur showed resistance in rainy season, suggesting season‐specific expression of resistance to A. soccata. ICSB 461, ICSB 463, Phule Yasodha, M 35‐1, ICSV 700, 711, 25010, 25019 and 93089, IS 18662, Phule Vasudha, IS 18551 and 33844‐5 and Barsizoot had fewer deadhearts than plants with eggs across seasons, suggesting antibiosis as one of the resistance mechanism. Five genotypes exhibited resistance with high grain yield across seasons. Correlation, path and stepwise regression analyses indicated that leaf glossiness, seedling vigour, trichome density, oviposition and leaf sheath pigmentation were associated with the expression of resistance/susceptibility to shoot fly, and these can be used as marker traits to select and develop shoot fly‐resistant sorghums.     

Cytoplasmic male sterility,resistance to gall mite and mildew,and season of leafing out in black currants

Summary Cytoplasmic male sterility (cms) is described in the F₁ hybrids Ribes × carrierei (R. glutinosum albidum × R. nigrum) and R. sanguineum × R. nigrum. In backcrosses to R. nigrum, progenies with R. glutinosum cytoplasm were either all male sterile, or segregated for full male fertility (F) and complete (S) and partial (I) male sterility. Ratios of F:I+S suggested that two linked genes controlled cms, F plants being dominant for one (Rf ₁) and recessive for the other (Rf ₂).Segregation for cms in relation to three linded genes, Ce (resistance to the gall mite, Cecidophyopsis ribes), Sph ₃(resistance to American gooseberry mildew, Sphaerotheca mors-uvae) and Lf ₁(one of two dominant additive genes controlling early season leafing out) indicated that Rf ₁and Rf ₂were in this linkage group. The gene order and approximate crossover values appeared to be: % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXafv3ySLgzGmvETj2BSbqef0uAJj3BZ9Mz0bYu% H52CGmvzYLMzaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqr1ngBPrgifHhDYfgasa% acOqpw0xe9v8qqaqFD0xXdHaVhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbba9q8Wq% Ffea0-yr0RYxir-Jbba9q8aq0-yq-He9q8qqQ8frFve9Fve9Ff0dme% aabaqaciGacaGaamqadaabaeaafaaakeaacaWGdbGaamyzamaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGWaGaaiOlaiaacgdacaGG0aGaaiiiaiaacc% caaaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaamOuaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaaccdacaGGUaGaaiOmaiaacs% dacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaaaacaWGsbGaamOzaSGa% aGOmaOWaaWaaaeaacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccaaaGaamitaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaaaaiaadofacaWGWbGaamiAaSGa% aG4maaaa!6E4D!\[Ce\underline { 0.14 } Rf1\underline { 0.24 } Rf2\underline { } Lf1\underline { } Sph3\]. Crossover values of 0.36 for Ce-Lf ₁, and 0.15 for Lf ₁-Sph ₃were estimated from the relative mean differences in season of leafing out between seedlings dominant and recessive for Ce and Sph ₃.It is suggested that competitive disadvantage of lf ₁-carrying gametes and/or zygotes at low temperatures may be implicated in the almost invariable deficit of plants dominant for the closely linked mildew resistance allele Sph ₃. Poor performance of lf ₁- (and possibly lf ₂-) carrying gametes and young zygotes during periods of low temperature at flowering might also account for the liability of some late season cultivars and selections to premature fruit drop (running off).     

Optimization of Extraction Technology and Determination of Content of Total Phenols of Leaves in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms

[Objectives] To determine the optimum extraction technology for total phenols of leaves in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms.[Methods]The single factor test and ortho...     

Reaction of tritordeum to Fusarium culmorum and Septoria nodorum

Summary Hordeum chilense is a wild barley extensively used in wide crosses in the Triticeae. It could be a valuable source of resistance to Fusarium culmorum and Septoria nodorum. Some H. chilense x Triticum spp. amphiploids, named tritordeums, were more resistant than the parental wheat line to these diseases, others were not. Average contents of ergosterol and deoxynivalenol (DON) suggested that resistance to colonization by Fusarium was the highest for Hordeum chilense, followed by tritordeum and wheat in decreasing order. In particular, the H. chilense genotypes H7 and H17 enhanced the wheat resistance to F. culmorum in its tritordeum offsprings. Resistance to S. nodorum in tritordeum was not associated with tall plant height. There is sufficient genetic variation for resistance to F. culmorum and S. nodorum among tritordeum to allow the breeding of lines combining short straw and resistance to both diseases.