含铈耐热钢凝固过程中的夹杂物行为

建立了稀土耐热钢凝固过程中夹杂物析出与溶质元素微观偏析的耦合热力学模型,并通过工业试验与高温模拟实验验证了模型的准确性。利用该模型,依次考察了铈添加量,初始氧含量,初始硫含量对253MA耐热钢凝固过程中夹杂物析出行为的影响作用规律。在本模型条件下,随着铈添加量的增加,钢中的SiO2与MnS消失,且凝固过程中开始析出CeN;随着初始氧含量的增加,钢中开始析出Ce2O3,SiO2及MnS,其中SiO2与MnS在凝固过程中析出;随着初始硫含量的增加,钢中的Ce2O3消失,钢中开始析出Ce3S4与MnS,在凝固过程中析出的Ce3S4逐渐在液相线温度以上析出。研究工作对于稀土耐热钢连铸水口结瘤问题的解决具有理论指导意义。     

空间高度对球面网壳结构内爆炸响应的影响

基于修正后的Johnson-Cook材料模型,应用ANSYS/LS-DYNA建立K8型单层球面网壳计算模型,对内爆炸下不同空间高度的结构爆炸响应进行计算和分析。首先,分析结构内爆炸冲击波传播规律,验证模型参数选取的可行性;其次,讨论内爆炸作用下球面网壳的动力响应,对比分析不同本构模型对爆炸响应的影响;最后,定义下部支承结构所围体积占结构所围总体积的比值为空间高度系数,讨论空间高度系数对墙面未开洞和墙面开洞球面网壳动力响应的影响。结果表明,爆炸冲击波在球面网壳结构角部有汇聚效应,与反射冲击波共同作用,严重影响球面网壳结构的动力响应;对于墙面未开洞的球面网壳,爆炸响应受反射冲击波影响较大;对于墙面开洞的球面网壳,爆炸响应受空间高度系数影响较大。基于研究结果给出了球面网壳结构在内爆炸下防爆和抗爆设计的合理空间高度系数建议值。     

鸭肉渗透处理中的传质研究

研究鸭肉原料在不同的渗透处理条件下的传质和脱水规律,结果表明加工中采用5mm以下的肉片厚度,有利于鸭肉的渗透传质;鸭肉中渗透盐比例随食盐渗透液质量分数增加而增加,且高盐溶液会抑制蔗糖的渗透;当蔗糖质量分数达到11%时,鸭肉中渗透的蔗糖达到平衡;固液比为1∶5时,渗透传质达到平衡;在3h内,鸭肉快速渗透传质,延长时间渗透会减缓;温度达到40℃时,鸭肉渗透传质达到平衡。     

红枣冻干工艺参数的优化

在选定的加热条件下,探讨枣片厚度、真空度、预冻初始温度对冻干红枣片VC保存率的影响规律,通过单因素试验和中心组合设计,建立了冻干条件因素与VC保存率之间的回归模型,借助SAS6.0软件的响应面分析,得出真空冷冻干燥红枣片的最佳工艺参数组合为:枣片厚度8mm,真空度为60Pa,预冻初始温度为-26℃。     

春油菜干物质积累与硒的吸收、累积及分配特性研究

了探讨春油菜干物质积累与硒的吸收、累积及分配特性,采用田间小区实验,测定不同生育期春油菜不同器官的干物质量和硒含量。结果表明,春油菜干物质量在收获期急剧增长并达最大值,为48765.20 kg/hm2。不同器官干物质量和干物质比重变化不同,根、茎干物质量呈上升趋势,在收获期达最大值分别为3082.20 kg/hm2、15138.93 kg/hm2,但其比重呈下降趋势;叶干物质量及比重变化均呈下降趋势;籽粒和角果壳干物质量及比重变化均呈上升趋势,在收获期达最大值,分别为14922.60 kg/hm2、15621.47 kg/hm2。春油菜根、茎、叶、籽粒、角果壳硒含量均在角果期达到峰值,分别为0.16 mg/kg、0.26 mg/kg、0.60 mg/kg、0.21 mg/kg、0.34 mg/kg。春油菜硒累积量在收获期达最大值,为6.94 g/hm2,根、茎、叶、籽粒、角果壳硒累积量达最大值的时期分别为角果期、角果期、苗期、收获期、收获期,大小分别为0.24 g/hm2、1.45 g/hm2、0.32 g/hm2、1.66 g/hm2、3.84 g/hm2。收获期,春油菜不同器官硒含量及累积量大小为：角果壳>籽粒>茎>根。硒在不同生育期分配中心也不同,生长前期以营养器官为中心,生长后期以角果壳为中心。研究表明,春油菜干物质量、硒含量及累积量均在生长后期急剧上升。因此,在春油菜生长后期应注意硒素的合理施用。     

直剪法用于糙米内摩擦角的测定与研究

利用土工合成材料综合测定仪（直剪仪）,以水分含量14.57%的糙米为样品,测定了在不同的法向压应力、不同的剪切速率下糙米的剪切应力并计算出内摩擦角。实验结果表明：糙米的剪切应力随着法向压应力（25kPa～100kPa）的增大而增大;剪切速率（1.33mm/min～2.67mm/min）较低时糙米的内摩擦角随着法向压应力的增大而减小;随着剪切速率（1.33mm/min～5.20mm/min）的增大,糙米的内摩擦角减小。     

花后灌水对小麦籽粒品质性状及产量的影响

在池栽防雨条件下,研究了小麦花后不同灌水时期、不同灌水次数对籽粒产量及品质性状的影响。结果表明,在花前限量灌水条件下（135 mm）,花后灌水（45～90 mm）可显著提高小麦籽粒产量及蛋白质产量;虽然多数品质性状在花后不灌水（CK）条件下获得最大值,但灌1水未引起品质性状的明显变化;随灌水次数增加,各品质性状变劣     

核桃楸种子性状的初步研究

以近圆形、长形核桃楸种子为试材,对其部分性状及出苗率进行研究.结果表明,近圆形核桃楸种子的单果重、纵径、横径、侧径、三径均值、单果重/三径均值、缝合线厚度、缝合线宽度、壳厚、种仁重、出仁率依次平均为7.46 g、3.80 mm、2.59 mm、2.54 mm、2.64 mm、2.63、3.0 mm、4.1 mm、2.2 mm、1.3g、18.0％,长形核桃楸种子的上述指标依次平均为7.91 g、3.19 mm、2.61 mm、2.62 mm、2.98 mm、2.65、3.5 mm、4.3 mm、2.1 mm、1.2 g、16.8％,近圆形核桃楸种子单果重、横径、侧径、三径均值、单果重/三径均值、缝合线厚度、缝合线宽度依次比长形的小5.7％、0.8％、3.1％、11.4％、0.8％、4.8％、16.7％,其余指标依次高19.1％、4.9％、8.3％、7.1％;随着种壳减少,种子吸水达恒重所需时间减短且出苗率增加;在25℃下,种仁吸水4h达恒重,吸水时间比带整壳核桃楸种子快14倍;种仁的出苗率是带整壳核桃楸种子的9倍.     

响应面法优化提取高粱壳黄酮色素及其抗氧化活性研究

为了优化高粱壳中抗氧化组分黄酮色素提取工艺,提高天然色素产量。以红色高粱壳为原料,在单因素实验的基础上,采用响应面法(response surface methodology,RSM)研究提取时间、液料比、提取温度对高粱壳提取液中黄酮色素质量浓度及其对Fe3+总还原力的影响,并对高粱壳粗提物抗氧化活性进行测定。结果表明,提取高粱壳中黄酮色素的最佳工艺参数为液料比(mL/g)84.2:1、提取温度73.5℃、提取时间104.4 min。在此条件下提取液中黄酮色素质量浓度为5.7889 g/100 g,总还原力最大为1.0863;高粱黄酮色素质量浓度和总还原力之间存在极显著的线性关系(P<0.01)。同时高粱壳黄酮色素粗提物表现出较强的体外抗氧化作用。     

含水率对糙米内摩擦角影响的实验研究

利用土工合成材料综合测定仪,以江苏盐城产糙米为样品,测定了在不同法向压应力和不同含水率的条件下,糙米的剪切应力并计算出内摩擦角。实验结果表明:在剪切速率不变时,糙米的内摩擦角通常会随着法向压应力的增大而逐渐减小;当法向压应力较小(25kPa)时,糙米的内摩擦角会随着含水率的增加而逐渐增大。当法向压应力较高(75kPa～100kPa)时,随着含水率的增加,糙米的内摩擦角逐渐增大,达到某一峰值后,随着含水率的继续增加而逐渐降低。     

复合土钉支护转角有利影响范围

基坑复合土钉墙转角处有明显的空间效应,受力变形较小,对支护结构有利,但不清楚转角定量的有利影响范围,目前设计中仍按照与基坑中部一样保守设计,为在此范围内降低土钉用量,避免保守设计,对水泥土搅拌桩复合土钉支护结构建立了全尺寸整体三维有限元模型,这种模型包含基坑的转角,能考虑基坑的空间效应,通过建立接触面单元,能考虑土体和搅拌桩、土体和土钉的相互作用,量化分析了基坑转角对支护结构受力和变形的有利影响范围,计算结果表明,基坑转角对开挖面水平位移、地表沉降、坑底隆起、土钉轴力的有利影响范围分别约为1.3、1、1、1.2倍的开挖深度。经与实际工程现场实测值对比,验证了该模型分析结果的可靠性,同时分析结果优于平面二维和局部三维有限元模型,结论为复合土钉支护结构的优化设计和安全施工提供了理论依据和研究方法。     

Numerical simulation and optimization of flow and temperature fields for wide slab cast mold

Fluid flow and temperature distribution in a wide slab continuous caster mold are simulated using the commercial software FLUENT. The research results show that the longitudinal cracks in the wide slab surface with an original submerged entry nozzle (SEN) mainly are caused by weak upper flow circulation in the mold, slow heat exchange near the meniscus, and non uniform melting of the mold powder. Therefore, a modified SEN with smaller outlet thickness, a 15° downward port angle, and convex bottom is designed to overcome the disadvantages of the original nozzle. The characteristics of the molten steel flow are analyzed by numerical simulation. The results indicate that the parameters of the optimum SEN are more highly optimized than the original SEN. The trial results also show that the optimum SEN possesses a better application effect.     

Using the Finite Element Method to Predict the Dispersed Shrinkage and Hot Tearing of the Pump Shell Castings

This paper has simulated numerically the 2D temperature field and stress field of main circle pump shell steel castings of nuclear power plant by finite element method,predicts the dispersed shrinkage,shrindage and hot hearing.The real dissecting pouring castings had the same results as the numerical simulation.At the same time the authors evaluat the molding design of the pump shell castings.     

基于Workbench杏壳力学特性分析

为提高杏核的破壳质量,对杏核壳体的力学性能进行研究。考虑到杏核表面有凸起的棱筋及壳体不同区域厚度不同对力学特性的影响,通过威布三维Reeyee扫描仪对1/2赛买提杏核壳体进行扫描,利用SpaceClaim软件对杏核壳进行模型修复,得出杏核壳体的三维分析模型;运用ANSYS Workbench对1/2杏核壳体进行3种方式加载云图分析,得出最佳的破壳方式,然后通过试验验证模型分析的准确性。结果表明：赛买提杏核沿不同方向施压所需的破碎力有显著差异,其中沿Y 轴方向所需破碎力最大,为856 N,变形量为2.48 mm,杏仁破碎率为0;沿X=Z 轴方向所需破碎力最小,为398 N,变形量为0.41 mm,杏仁破碎率为21.8%;沿X 轴方向施压所需的破碎力为426 N,变形量为1.08 mm,杏仁破碎率为0。验证试验结果与模型分析的结果一致。因此,通过扫描仪建模更能准确反映杏壳的表面特征,相对于Y、X=Z 轴,沿X 轴方向施压更合适。本文可为杏核破壳机械的设计提供参考依据。     

不同熔化速率下的电渣重熔过程数值模拟分析

电渣重熔能提高钢锭的质量,从而满足特种行业的需要,其过程伴随着复杂的物理现象,存在着磁流体流动、传热和传质以及电化学等多方面的影响。通过耦合电磁以及流动和温度方程对电渣重熔过程的三维瞬态进行了数学模拟,研究了熔化速率对重熔过程的影响。结果表明：电流密度、焦耳热和电磁力都随着熔化速率的增大而增大,当熔化速率由14.4 kg/h增加到27.0kg/h,电流密度、焦耳热和电磁力最大值的增大比例超过100%。随着熔化速率的增大,温度最大值有小幅的增加,而且速度最大值的增大幅度接近50%;金属熔池深度则由27 mm增大到38 mm,不利于保证铸坯的质量。     

The Corner Point Processing and Absorbing Boundary Conditions in Finite-Difference Time-Domain

ABC(Absorbing Boundary Conditions) is an important component part in FDTD(Finite-Difference Time-Domain) method,the processing of corner point affect ABC itself,that is,the inadequate processing of them may cause unnaturally results.The processing of corner points in traditional second-order absorbing boundary condition for 2D case is complex,and it is difficult to extend to 3D case.For these reasons,a simpler method about the corner points based on unidirectional out traveling wave absorbing theorem is discussed in this paper,and validated by a numerical method proposed by authors.The results show that this method satisfies the demands for ABC and is more efficient and more precise.Meanwhile,it is easy to extent to 3D case.     

A Study on Wall Velocity Distribution Law in Mould for C C Billets

In view of liquid steel flow in mould for C C alloy steel billets,the flow velocityof fluid in the different zones in the vicinity of vertical wall on condition of four hole nozzle hassystematically been measured by Laser Doppler Anemometre(LDA).At the same time,according tothe logarithmic wall law,logarithm ic wall law equations near by differen t wall zones and ex-periemental constan ts have been derived by regression method,The velocity distriution law near bywall in mould is obtained.     

Determination Method and Criterion for Voids by Dynamic Deflection Difference in the Same Cement Slab

Aiming at the lack of the current determination method for voids in practical engineering applications, in order to accurately quantify the voids beneath cement slab, the determination method was proposed with slab edge slab center deflection difference and slab corner slab center deflection difference in the same cement slab for voids.Three dimensional models were set up using the ANSYS finite element method for voids beneath slab corner and slab edge.And the load was simulated with FWD test results.Thereafter, the deflection values were calculated in slab center, slab corner, slab edge under different void depth, void area and load transfer capacity.And the range of deflection diffidence was obtained.With Yantai Weihai expressway, detection data for deflection using Falling Weight Deflectometer were statistically analyzed.And the criteria and correction factors of load transfer capacity were given with simulation and samples analysis.The feasibility of criteria was verified by actual test data.It is found that the simulation values and the test values are in good agreement.The accuracy of void determination by lab edge slab center deflection difference and slab corner slab center deflection difference are 88.5% and 84.6%, respectively, which meet the engineering requirements.The voids were determined under the same conditions with the elimination of deflection variability.     

BEHAVIOR OF THE REINFORCED CONCRETE FRAME CORNER JOINTS SUBJECTED TO CLOSING LOADS

In this paper, experimental results on the tests of 15 full-scale reinforces concrete frame corner joints subjected to closing loads arereported. The primary variables are the compressive strength of eoncrete, thesteel ratio and the ratius of main bar bend. In order to investigate the stressdistributiens of the concrete in the cores of the joints, a nonlinear finiteelement analysis of the frame corner jonts is carried out. Possible damage andfailure modes of the frame corner joints are discussed herein. Based on observedand computed results, the formulae in terms of the steel ratio and the ratius ofmain bar bend and the corresponding useful recommendations are made for thedesign of the frame corner joints.     

苹果片气体射流冲击干燥工艺的优化

采用一种新型的气体射流冲击干燥技术,对切片厚度6～8mm的苹果片进行了干燥试验研究。在喷嘴直径为16mm,喷嘴气流速度为16.8m/s的条件下,得出苹果片气体射流冲击干燥处理的最佳工艺参数为:喷嘴出口气体温度70℃,喷嘴与苹果片最佳距离120mm,干燥盒宽度为200mm,物料堆积高度为35mm。