大豆蛋白类抗营养因子对肠道健康的影响与新型蛋白酶的解决方案

大豆含有大豆球蛋白、胰蛋白酶抑制因子和凝集素三大蛋白类抗营养因子,影响动物肠道健康,刺激肠道产生不良反应,破坏肠道结构,影响动物肠道的消化、吸收、屏障和免疫功能。新蛋白酶SP100可以有效的降解大豆中的三大抗营养因子,减少它们对肠道健康的不良影响,促进肠道有益微生物的繁殖,改善肠道结构和健康。     

大豆抗原蛋白研究进展

大豆抗原蛋白既是大豆的主要营养成分,又是大豆抗营养因子之一,是限制大豆及其制品在人类营养和动物饲料中利用的主要因素。鉴于此,对大豆抗原蛋白的研究具有重要的科研和应用价值。其中最主要的两类为大豆球蛋白和β-伴大豆球蛋白,同时也是大豆引起机体过敏反应和腹泻的主要成分。本文主要介绍了大豆抗原蛋白的种类及结构、大豆抗原蛋白的营养免疫学特点,并对今后的研究方向进行了初步探讨。     

大豆抗原蛋白对肠道致敏性的研究进展

大豆是饲料中主要的植物蛋白源,但因其含有一些致敏蛋白,能够破坏仔猪等幼龄动物的肠道屏障功能,引起吸收障碍和腹泻,影响动物的生长发育,从而给畜牧业造成了重大损失。本文综述了大豆抗原蛋白组成、对幼龄动物肠道致敏机制、对肠道造成的不良影响及缓解大豆抗原蛋白致敏作用的方法,旨在为进一步研究大豆的致敏机理及其高效利用奠定基础。     

糖基化大豆抗原蛋白的致敏性及其对肠道健康的影响

大豆营养丰富，但其抗原蛋白的高致敏性易导致严重过敏反应。大豆球蛋白和β-伴球蛋白是大豆的主要过敏原，其抗原表位对致敏性起决定作用。通过适宜的加工手段改变过敏原蛋白表位结构，从而影响致敏性。糖基化是当前最有前景实现工业化的非酶加工新技术，不仅能改变蛋白质的结构、营养特性，同时能降低致敏性。文章介绍了大豆主要抗原蛋白的结构、糖基化反应，重点总结了大豆糖基化抗原蛋白致敏性的变化及其对肠道健康的影响，同时对糖基化蛋白面临的挑战进行展望，旨在为糖基化蛋白低致敏性产品的开发及促进肠道健康提供参考。     

大豆抗原蛋白与断奶仔猪腹泻的关系

大豆蛋白是一种重要的饲料蛋白资源 ,广泛的应用于畜牧生产中。但大豆蛋白中存在着多种抗营养因子 ,尤其是抗原蛋白的存在 ,限制了大豆蛋白在断奶仔猪饲料中的应用。其中引起仔猪腹泻的主要抗原物质是大豆球蛋白和β - 伴球蛋白 ,它们能引起仔猪肠道过敏 ,造成仔猪腹泻 ,从而影响仔猪的生产性能。     

大豆球蛋白及β-伴大豆球蛋白的研究进展

大豆是一种高蛋白含量的作物,在畜禽养殖中多用作蛋白饲料,但其中含有的抗营养因子限制了大豆的使用。大豆球蛋白及β-伴大豆球蛋白是主要的抗原蛋白。本文介绍了大豆球蛋白及β-伴大豆球蛋白的结构、抗营养作用和抗原性的消除方法。     

大豆抗原蛋白的基本结构及作用机理

本文阐述了大豆球蛋白和β-伴球蛋白的基本结构及其使动物产生腹泻的作用机理,说明了大豆抗原蛋白对动物的抗营养作用。     

降低大豆抗原诱导断奶仔猪肠道损伤反应的研究进展

大豆中含有的热稳定性抗营养因子——大豆抗原,具有免疫原性,且在仔猪肠道内不易被降解消化,会诱导断奶仔猪肠道损伤。文章总结大豆抗原诱导的断奶仔猪肠道损伤的特点,重点阐述缓解损伤的方法及作用机理,为进一步优化缓解大豆抗原诱导的肠道损伤的方法及保护仔猪肠道健康提供参考,为研究大豆抗原致仔猪肠道损伤的机制提供参考。     

大豆抗原蛋白的研究进展

大豆蛋白是应用最广泛的植物饲料蛋白质资源,其蛋白质含量高,除富含蛋氨酸外,其他氨基酸也较平衡,但是由于大豆中存在一些抗营养因子如抗胰蛋白酶因子、抗原蛋白和低聚糖,从而限制了其在早期断奶仔猪和犊牛日粮中的应用。抗原蛋白是饲料中的大分子蛋白质或糖蛋白,会降低体液反应,又称为致敏因子。目前研究证实大豆所含的球蛋白和β-伴球蛋白是引起仔猪和犊牛过敏反应的主要物质。1大豆抗原蛋白的抗营养作用大豆抗原蛋白的抗营养作用主要有:1)降低饲料蛋白质的利用率;2)由于活化免疫系统而提高了维持需要;3)增加内源蛋白质的分泌,导致粪氮增…     

豆粕抗营养因子处理及其在动物生产上的应用

豆粕是饲料工业应用最广泛的植物性蛋白质饲料原料,但由于含有胰蛋白酶抑制剂、大豆抗原蛋白等多种抗营养因子,利用率降低,同时对动物的生理生长造成不良影响。文章阐述了豆粕的主要抗营养因子及其生理特性,豆粕抗营养因子的物理、化学、生物学处理方法及处理豆粕在动物生产上的研究与应用。     

Gastrointestinal and body growth in colostrum-deprived piglets in response to whey, casein or soy protein diets

Cow's milk stimulates growth in neonates and supplementation with specific milk proteins may benefit immuno-compromized neonates exhibiting poor growth. We investigated the effects of specific milk proteins (casein and whey) and plant protein (hydrolysed soy) on body and organ growth and bone mineralization in colostrum-deprived newborn pigs. Six days after birth, both casein and whey increased body and small intestinal weight relative to soy protein. Villus morphology and epithelial permeability were similar among groups. Casein significantly increased bone mineralization, while whey stimulated soft tissue growth (internal organs, muscle and fat). The differential effects of casein and whey proteins in the early postnatal period show that specific milk proteins rapidly affect whole body and gut development, even in a state of impaired growth induced by artificial feeding of colostrum-deprived pigs.     

大豆凝集素在不同种属动物小肠中残留、结合和内吞特点的比较研究

选取5种动物为试验对象,生理年龄均在1/2性成熟期,每种动物4头,猪(长白,70 d)、羊(小尾寒羊,60 d)、狗(比格犬,80 d)、兔(日本大耳白,75 d)和鸡(爱拔益加,75 d)。采用体内原位结扎灌注肠段的方法研究不同浓度大豆凝集素(SBA)在不同种属动物小肠中的残留、结合和内吞特点。动物禁食24 h后,注入麻醉剂,剪去腹部体毛,打开腹腔,结扎空肠前段,(各种动物以空肠前段1/3处相对位置开始结扎)。用30 m L(39±1)℃的生理盐水冲洗隔离的肠段,以冲洗肠段内残余的食糜,分别结扎4段5 cm长的肠段,用注射器分别输入含不同浓度SB(A 0、0.5、1.0 m g/m L和3.0 m g/m L)的Krebs液。灌注时间8 h。试验结束后,采用间接抑制ELISA方法检测3个指标:灌注液中SBA的残留率,肠黏膜表面SBA的结合率,进入小肠壁的SBA的内吞率。结果表明:大豆凝集素在动物小肠中的结合特点存在种属差异;比较而言,SBA在猪和狗小肠中的内吞率和结合率高于羊,兔和鸡的内吞率也较大,且SBA的不同浓度对其在小肠壁上的内吞也有较大影响,低浓度时SBA的结合率和内吞率较大。     

Piglet gut microbial shifts early in life:causes and effects

The gut microbiome has long been known to play fundamentally important roles in the animal health and the well-being of its host. As such, the establishment and maintenance of a beneficial gut microbiota early in life is crucial in pigs, since early gut colonizers are pivotal in the establishment of permanent microbial community structures affecting the health and growth performance of pigs later in life. Emphasizing this importance of early gut colonizers, it is critical to understand the factors impacting the establishment of the piglet gut microbiome at weaning. Factors include, among others, diet, in-feed antibiotics, probiotics and prebiotic administration. The impact of these factors on establishment of the gut microbiome of piglets at weaning includes effects on piglet gut microbial diversity, structure, and succession. In this review, we thoroughly reviewed the most recent findings on the piglet gut microbiome shifts as influenced by weaning, and how these microbiome changes brought about by various factors that have been shown to affect the development of microbiota in piglets. This review will provide a general overview of recent studies that can help to facilitate the design of new strategies to modulate the gut microbiome in order to enhance gastrointestinal health, growth performance and well-being of piglets.     

固态发酵豆粕营养价值及其应用研究

固态发酵法是一种切实可行的提高豆粕营养价值的方法。豆粕是畜禽最重要的植物性蛋白源,但其含有的抗营养因子限制了幼龄动物对蛋白质的有效利用。研究结果表明,发酵豆粕对动物的生长性能、消化和免疫功能具有积极的影响。作者就固态发酵豆粕的营养价值研究及其在动物饲养中的应用进行了综述。     

环境温度对动物肠道微生物菌群影响的研究进展

温度是一个重要的非生物环境变量,能够驱动动物谱系的适应轨迹和动物群落的组成。环境温度作为影响动物肠道微生物菌群变化的众多因素之一,能够影响肠道微生物菌群的组成及丰度,进而调控宿主生长、发育、繁殖、免疫等生物学过程及功能。动物肠道核心菌群的组成及其代谢产物在不同温度下存在显著差异,在单胃动物、反刍动物等中都有相应的报道。极端温度主要通过诱导肠道微生物菌群产生结构和功能上的差异,进而对宿主表型产生影响。目前,对于温度如何影响动物肠道菌群的了解仍非常有限。本文针对不同环境温度条件下,肠道微生物菌群结构和功能的差异及相关研究进行了总结及综述。探讨由环境温度引起的肠道微生物菌群与宿主适应机制之间的关系,包括对宿主产热机制、消化系统和免疫系统等其他方面的影响并开展研究,将为肠道微生物对宿主健康的调节提供参考和思路。     

水产饲料中大豆蛋白替代鱼粉的应用研究

凭借充足的供应源和低廉的价格,大豆蛋白成为我国最为常用且最具前途的鱼粉替代物。研究表明,豆类蛋白可部分或全部代替鱼粉而不影响鱼类的生长和发育,但也存在各种各样的限制因素,使得鱼类对其利用仍然不够理想。文章介绍大豆蛋白在水产饲料上的应用情况,探讨限制大豆蛋白利用的抑制因子及其相应的解决措施,以期为大豆蛋白的广泛研究和应用提供参考依据。     

Interrelationship between hypersensitivity to soybean proteins and growth performance in early-weaned pigs.

The objective of this growth trial was to determine the interrelationship between immunological criteria, gut morphology, and performance of starter pigs fed soybean proteins processed by different methods. One hundred twenty-five pigs were orally infused with 6 g/d of either dried skim milk, soybean meal (48% CP), soy protein concentrate, extruded soy protein concentrate, or experimental soy protein concentrate from 7 to 11 d of age and then fed a diet containing the same protein sources from weaning (d 21) to 35 d of age. All pigs were fed a corn-soybean meal diet containing 10% dried whey, 1.25% lysine, and 3% soybean oil for the remaining 21 d of the experiment. Xylose absorption and anti-soy immunoglobulin G (IgG) titers were measured on d 6 postweaning, and skin-fold thickness after intradermal injection of protein extracts was measured on d 7 postweaning. A total of 25 pigs (five pigs/treatment) was euthanatized on d 7 postweaning. Villus height and crypt depth from duodenum samples were measured. These measurements were obtained to elucidate a relationship between the hypersensitivity responses to soybean products and growth performance of baby pigs. Pigs fed diets containing soybean meal had a lower (P less than .05) rate of gain (d 0 to 14) and villus height, higher (P less than .01) serum anti-soy IgG titers, and increased skin-fold thickness (d 6 and 7 postweaning) after intradermal injection compared with those fed dried skim milk. Pigs fed other soy proteins also had lower ADG from d 0 to 14 postweaning; however, pigs fed moist extruded soy protein concentrate tended (P less than .09) to have higher ADG and improved feed utilization when compared with pigs fed soybean meal (d 0 to 14).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Effect of protein source and fumaric acid supplementation on apparent ileal digestibility of nutrients by young pigs

Two experiments were conducted to determine the apparent ileal digestibility of DM and N by young pigs fed diets supplemented with different protein sources or organic acids. Pigs were surgically fitted with silicone cannulas at 2 wk of age. Following surgery, pigs were allowed to recuperate with their dams while suckling normally. After weaning at 24 d, pigs were assigned to treatment diets at 28 d of age. A 3-d adjustment and 4-d collection sequence was followed for the duration of the 4-wk experiment. Four treatment diets were fed in each experiment in a weekly rotation until each diet had been fed to each pig. Diet samples and digesta collected through the ileal cannulas were analyzed for chromic oxide (used as an indigestible marker), DM, and N. Pigs in Exp. 1 were fed isolysinic (1.0%) corn-based diets supplemented with casein, soybean meal, soy protein concentrate, or isolated soy protein. Casein addition resulted in improved DM (P less than .001) and N (P less than .05) digestibility but reduced gain (P less than .05) compared with the average of the soy protein sources. Nitrogen from diets formulated with soybean meal was digested more completely (P less than .05) than N from diets based on soy protein concentrate and isolated soy protein. Experiment 2 was an evaluation of the effect of dried skim milk (25%) and fumaric acid (2%) addition on apparent ileal digestibility of N and DM in corn-soybean meal diets. Addition of dried skim milk improved DM (P less than .01) and N (P less than .05) digestibility and daily gain (P less than .001). Fumaric acid supplementation did not affect nutrient digestibility or gain (P greater than .10).     

Morphology of Reproductive Organs,Semen Quality and Sexual Behaviour of the Male Rabbit Exposed to a Soy‐containing Diet and Soy‐derived Isoflavones during Gestation and Lactation

Placental and breastfeeding transfer of soy isoflavones are potential routes for animal and human exposure to phytoestrogens, and reproductive dysfunctions have been linked to early exposure to these compounds. So, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of perinatal (intrauterine and lactational) exposure to soy‐containing diet and soy‐derived isoflavones on the reproductive parameters of male rabbits. For this purpose, 12 female rabbits were randomly assigned to receive: (1) a soy‐ and alfalfa‐free diet (control diet); (2) a soy‐ and alfalfa‐free diet supplemented with 10 mg/kg body wt/day of soy isoflavones; (3) a soy‐ and alfalfa‐free diet supplemented with 20 mg/kg body wt/day of soy isoflavones; and (4) a diet containing 18% of soy meal, throughout gestation and lactation. Weight and morphology of the reproductive organs of some of the male offspring were evaluated at weaning (between days 29 and 31). The remaining males were placed on the control diet from weaning to adulthood (gestational and lactational exposure only). Sexual behaviour, semen quality and reproductive organs’ morphology were evaluated after puberty. There were no significant differences in litter size and gestation duration between control and treatment groups. Perinatal exposure to soy‐containing diet and soy isoflavones did not alter testis, epididymides, proprostate and prostate weight and gross morphology. After puberty, sexual behaviour and semen parameters did not differ significantly from the control group. These results indicate that intrauterine and lactational exposure to soy‐containing diet and soy‐derived isoflavones may not adversely affect reproductive development and function of male rabbits.     

Assessment of IgE binding to native and hydrolyzed soy protein in serum obtained from dogs with experimentally induced soy protein hypersensitivity

OBJECTIVE: To assess binding of IgE to native, whole hydrolyzed, and separated hydrolyzed fractions of soy protein in serum obtained from dogs with experimentally induced soy protein hypersensitivity. ANIMALS: 8 na?ve Beagles (6 experimentally sensitized to native soy protein and 2 control dogs). PROCEDURES: 6 dogs were sensitized against soy protein by administration of allergens during a 90-day period. After the sensitization protocol was completed, serum concentrations of soy-specific IgE were measured and intradermal skin tests were performed in all 6 dogs to confirm that the dogs were sensitized against soy protein. Serum samples from each sensitized and control dog underwent western blot analysis to assess the molecular mass band pattern of the different allergenic soy fractions and evaluate reactivities to native and hydrolyzed soy protein. RESULTS: In sera from sensitized dogs, a characteristic band pattern with 2 major bands (approx 75 and 50 kd) and 2 minor bands (approx 31 and 20 kd) was detected, whereas only a diffuse band pattern associated with whole hydrolyzed soy protein was detected in the most reactive dog. Reactivity was evident only for the higher molecular mass peptide fraction. In control dogs, no IgE reaction to native or hydrolyzed soy protein was detected. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Data suggest that the binding of soy-specific IgE to the hydrolyzed soy protein used in the study was significantly reduced, compared with binding of soy-specific IgE to the native soy protein, in dogs with experimentally induced soy hypersensitivity.