温室一茄多果快速育成技术

随着嫁接技术在蔬菜育苗中的广泛应用,根据近年来兴起的一茄多果嫁接技术与园艺景观造型相结合的趋势,介绍了一种改进的一茄多果嫁接技术,技术的流程更简洁,也更易于操作,可使经济效益与人文景观效果得到共同提升。     

24个大果沙棘品种的RAPD分析

为了解沙棘种质资源的遗传多样性和品种间的亲缘关系,以24个大果沙棘品种为材料,利用随机扩增多态性DNA(RAPD)方法进行沙棘的遗传多样性分析。从120个随机引物中筛选出多态性丰富的18个引物用于扩增反应,在24个大果沙棘品种中检测到171个RAPD位点,其中多态性DNA带112条,多态位点百分比为65.5%,表明大果沙棘品种具有丰富的遗传多样性;在RAPD分析的基础上,对大果沙棘品种进行了聚类分析,结果表明,以相似系数0.58处作为分界,可将供试的24份大果沙棘种质分为4类。     

利用RAPD和同工酶研究中国兜兰属种间亲缘关系

 本文选择14种10个碱基的寡核苷酸引物和7种酶系统, 应用RAPD和同工酶分子标记技术分析中国兜兰属(Paphiopedilum) 种间亲缘关系, 并与陈心启和Cribb的传统分类、Cox等的ITS结果进行比较。研究结果显示, RAPD和同工酶两种手段对种间亲缘关系的划分与传统分类大致吻合, 同工酶比RAPD的结果更接近传统分类。兜兰亚属需进一步分组, 彩云兜兰、卷萼兜兰、紫纹兜兰及其变种云南虎皮应自成一个组。     

罗汉果不同种质亲缘关系的RAPD分析

利用RAPD(随机扩增多态性NDA)分子标记技术,通过13个随机引物,对15份罗汉果种质材料(包括10个栽培品种和5份野生种质)进行了亲缘关系分析。结果表明,在10个栽培品种中,长果类品种与圆果类品种之间在亲缘关系上有着明显的差异,且长果类品种中的长滩果与其它品种差异最为明显。圆果类品种之间亲缘关系较为接近。几份野生种质材料与长果类品种的亲缘关系较近。     

第三讲 茄果瓜类蔬菜大春播育苗技术

茄果瓜类蔬菜在大春播生产中占有重要的地位。培育壮苗是夺取茄果瓜类蔬菜早熟高产的基础。因此,一定要在了解茄果瓜类蔬菜育苗生理的前提下,采取相对应的育苗技术,才能培育出健壮的秧苗,供生产需要。一、茄果瓜类蔬菜的育苗生理首先要认识壮苗的作用,壮苗养分积累多,细     

河南17 个桂花品种的RAPD 分析

 采用改良CTAB 法提取河南17 个桂花品种的基因组DNA , 利用RAPD 技术对其进行鉴定和分类研究。从100 个10 bp 的随机引物种筛选出15 个扩增效果较好的引物进行扩增, 共产生121 条带, 其中87 条为多态性带。根据扩增结果进行聚类分析, 得出反映各品种间亲缘关系的树状图。各个品种群内的不同品种间的亲缘关系接近, 而不同品种群间亲缘关系较远。RAPD 对基因组的分析结果与传统分类学的结果基本相符。     

DNA分子标记鉴定桃种质亲缘关系的研究及展望

综述了RAPD，SSR，AFLR等DNA分子标记技术鉴定桃种质资源亲缘关系的研究进展。提出利用AFIP和SSR技术，以桃的野生、半野生种质为材料，进行桃种质资源亲缘关系的研究具有广阔前景。     

海南部分荔枝种质的RAPD分析

 采用10个10碱基的随机引物，通过RAPD分析的方法，在分子水平上对海南30份荔枝种质进行鉴定、分类和亲缘关系分析。结果表明，大多数种质相似系数在55% ～80%之间，说明他们之间的亲缘关系较近；在相似系数为0.61的水平上，30份海南荔枝种质被分为4组，与以龟裂片特征为主要分类依据的形态分类有一定的相关性，但是RAPD分类比形态分类的分类范围更细。因此，传统形态分类不能完全反映出品种间的亲缘关系，有待结合RAPD分析方法进一步完善。     

‘黄金冠’桃及其品系亲缘关系的RAPD分析

利用RAPD技术对黄桃新品种‘黄金冠’及其它6个品系的亲缘关系进行了研究。从80个随机引物中筛选出15个重复性好、条带清晰的多态性引物对桃品系进行了RAPD扩增,共扩增出84条谱带,其中38条表现多态性,多态性比率为45.2%。利用NTSYS软件和UPG-MA聚类法对扩增结果进行了品种间相似系数的计算及聚类分析。结果表明:相似系数为0.78~0.86,黄桃19和其它桃品系亲缘关系最远,‘黄金冠’和锦黄2号的亲缘关系最近。     

几种玉兰亚属植物的RAPD亲缘关系分析

 以玉兰亚属的20个材料(含种和品种)为研究对象，用RAPD技术对其亲缘关系进行分析。从55个随机引物中筛选出15个，对所有供试材料进行扩增，共获得274条DNA谱带，其中262条为多态性带。建立的基于RAPD结果的亲缘关系树形图显示玉兰亚属的基因背景非常复杂，类群划分较为困难，说明中国的玉兰亚属种质资源非常丰富。     

月季种质鉴定和多样性分析

 利用RAPD 技术对28 个月季品种和2 个蔷薇品种进行了遗传多样性分析, 从145 个引物中筛选出12 个引物, 可以扩增出清晰、稳定和多态性高的产物。其中3 个引物从30 个材料中扩增出3 个品种特异的RAPD 分子标记, 并将其中的一个成功地转换成了SCAR 标记。利用筛选出的12 个引物扩增出的65 条多态性片段作了聚类分析, 对这些月季品种的亲缘关系和进化作了初步探讨。     

Analysis of Genetic Relationships Between Wild Roses (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Rosa</Emphasis> L. Spp.) Growing in Turkey

Rosa L. taxa are dominantly used for horticulture, food, medicinal, ornamental and aesthetic purposes. Rosa is represented with approximately 200 wild species in the world. The number of natural Rosa species in Turkey is reported as about 31. Rosa species are widely distributed in all regions in Turkey. In this study, RAPD and ISSR markers were applied to assess genetic diversity and genetic relationships among 27 species of Rosa. The UPGMA cluster was constructed using a combination of data from RAPD and ISSR markers. The dendrogram revealed two main clusters. Each cluster was divided into subgroups. This investigation showed that genetic distance was relatively significant among the species. As the results of the study close genetic relationships were found between evolutionary relations, morphplogical properties, and phytogeographical distributions of the Rosa species, The results also propose that RAPD and ISSR markers are useful tools for indicating genetic relationships among Rosa genotypes.     

应用RAPD 标记和细胞质基因组PCR-RFLP技术研究大花蕙兰的遗传多样性

 利用RAPD、叶绿体和线粒体基因组PCR-RFLP标记系统评价了大花蕙兰20个品种的遗传多样性。在50个RAPD引物分析中, 有36个引物(72.0% ) 能揭示材料间的多态性, 材料间遗传相似系数为0.503～0.765, 平均0.598, 根据遗传相似系数进行聚类分析表明, RAPD标记能将所有材料区分开。在7个叶绿体基因组( cpDNA) 的PCR-RFLP分析中, 6个标记(87.5% ) 可扩增出1至多条清晰的谱带; 扩增产物经7种限制性内切酶消化后, 6个标记的19种引物/酶组合共检测到53条DNA片段, 其中多态性片段有37条, 占69.8%; 材料间遗传相似系数变化范围为0.571～0.949, 平均值为0.766。在8个线粒体基因组(mtDNA) 的PCR-RFLP标记分析中, 只有3个(37.5%) 标记能得到1条清晰的谱带; 利用7种限制性内切酶对3个标记的扩增产物消化后, 在10种标记/酶组合中, 共检测到33条酶切片段, 其中21条(63.6%) 具有多态性; 遗传相似系数为0.634～1.000, 平均0.829。这些结果表明, RAPD标记揭示的大花蕙兰遗传多样性最高, 其次为cpDNA PCR-RFLP标记, 而mtDNA PCR-RFLP标记揭示的遗传多样性最低。     

Characterization of white sapote (Casimiroa edulis Llave & Lex.) germplasm using floral morphology,RAPD and AFLP markers

Floral morphology, random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) were used to characterize and verify genetic diversity within a white sapote cultivar collection and to develop molecular markers for germplasm identification. On the basis of floral morphology, the cultivars were classified into three types: type I included 23 cultivars with large ovaries and small anthers; type II included 13 cultivars with small ovaries and large anthers; and type III included one cultivar, named ‘Maltby’, with a large ovary and large anthers. DNA was isolated from 39 cultivars of white sapote and subjected to RAPD and AFLP analysis using 24 and 7 primers, respectively. One hundred and sixty-eight RAPD and 286 AFLP bands were used to assess genetic characterization among white sapote. Sixty percent of the RAPD and 77% of the AFLP amplification products were polymorphic among accessions. RAPD or AFLP markers differentiated all white sapote cultivars effectively. Moreover, each flower type was characterized as specially associated with two RAPD bands. UPGMA dendrograms based on RAPD and AFLP data, showed the majority of the cultivars from flower type I and flower type II clustering together. Finally 101 RAPD markers and 220 AFLP markers were used to construct a neighbor-joining dendrogram. This showed that the 37 cultivars could be classified into six distinct clusters, between which the similarity coefficient was as low as 0.00–0.55, even though the cultivars were morphologically very similar. The remaining two cultivars namely ‘Smathers’ and ‘Maltby’ were found genetically very distant from the other cultivars in RAPD, AFLP or combined RAPD and AFLP based dendrograms. The results suggested that the level of genetic variation among white sapote cultivars is diverse and the morphological and molecular data may lead to representation of the cultivar relationships as well as flower type discrimination.     

黄瓜种质资源遗传亲缘关系的RAPD分析

利用ＲＡＰＤ技术对多个生态型的黄瓜材料的遗传亲缘关系进行了研究。从２００个１０碱基随机引物中筛选出２０个用于ＰＣＲ反应,３９．２％的扩增条带表现多态性;每个生态型品种都具有其特有的扩增（缺失）带以区别其他生态型品种;聚类分析将供试材料分为３大类群：华北类群、华南类群和欧洲温室类群。从分子水平验证了传统的黄瓜地域分类标准及黄瓜是遗传基础狭窄的蔬菜作物。对利用ＲＡＰＤ技术进行亲缘控制研究的可能性进行了探讨。     

Utility of RAPD,ISSR, IRAP and REMAP markers for the genetic analysis of Citrus spp.

The application and informativeness of RAPD, ISSR, IRAP and REMAP markers to study the genetic diversity and relationship among the Citrus and its relative genotypes were investigated. High levels of polymorphism were observed for all four marker systems. The RAPD technique generated the highest number of polymorphic bands and average number of polymorphic band per assay unit. Average limit of the discriminating power was very close to its actual discriminating power of each marker. The highest and the lowest values of effective number of patterns were obtained from the marker REMAP (5.94) and RAPD (4.48), respectively. Correlation between the genetic similarities matrices were estimated from all four markers using the Mantel matrix correspondence test, and results showed significant correlations among the RAPD, ISSR, IRAP and REMAP similarity matrices. The highest correlations were found comparing RAPD and ISSR markers, whereas RAPD and REMAP (r = 0.143) markers were poorly correlated. To assess the usefulness of the overall information provided by these marker data for establishing phylogenetic relationships and Citrus germplasm classification, cluster analysis was performed. All four techniques, solely or in combination, discriminated the genotypes very efficiently and generated a high similarity in dendrogram topologies, although some differences were observed. The linkage analysis was conducted based on the segregation of 38 RAPD, 13 ISSR, 19 IRAP and 9 REMAP loci in 96 progeny of an intergeneric cross Citrus sinensis and Poncirus trifoliata. Among the 81 studied loci 65 loci distributed on five linkage groups. Comparing the result obtained with RAPD, ISSR, IRAP and REMAP markers in this study, IRAP and REMAP proved to be as a reliable molecular marker for fingerprinting, mapping and diversity study of Citrus and its relatives.     

Genetic diversity analysis in date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.): a comparative assessment using ISSR and RAPD marker assays

SUMMARY

A comparative study was conducted to evaluate genetic diversity in 45 genotypes of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.), including both male and female plants, employing RAPD and ISSR marker systems. The data were analysed to calculate the total number of bands, the number of polymorphic bands, the percentage polymorphism, the average number of bands per primer, the effective multiplex ratio (EMR), the polymorphic information content (PIC), the marker index (MI), and genetic similarity coefficients. The 37 RAPD and 53 ISSR primers used generated 363 and 608 scorable amplified products, respectively, of which 95.0% and 90.9% were polymorphic. The ISSR markers produced more information than the RAPD markers due to their higher EMR and MI values. Jaccard similarity values among male plants, female plants, and between all male and all female plants varied between 0.72 – 0.80. The results indicate the effectiveness of these two marker systems for demonstrating genetic relationships among date palm genotypes.     

Genetic diversity and classification of Nelumbo germplasm of different origins by RAPD and ISSR analysis

In this study, RAPD and ISSR markers were used to investigate the genetic diversity and genetic relationships among different germplasm of Nelumbo including 70 Chinese ornamental cultivars, 7 wild Thai genotypes, 2 Nelumbo lutea genotypes and 8 hybrids of Nelumbo nucifera and N. lutea. High genetic diversities of 96.4% and 91.2% respectively were detected in the Nelumbo accessions using RAPD and ISSR markers. A dendrogram based on both RAPD and ISSR clustering data indicated that: (1) the genotypes of N. nucifera and N. lutea from different geographical origins were clustered into different groups. This indicated significant genetic differentiation attributed to extensive periods of geographical isolation and lack of gene exchange; (2) the Thai wild genotypes were separated from Chinese genotypes. This indicated genetic divergence between germplasm from Southeast Asia and that from China. Geographical location appears to have affected genetic diversity due to adaptation of the plants to the different environments. A new Southeastern Asia Lotus category is suggested as an addition to the current lotus cultivars classification system; (3) data on three morphological traits (namely: plant size, petal shape and flower color), showed that only the data on plant size was consistent with the dendrogram constructed from molecular data. This finding suggests that using data on genetic relationships in combination with morphological characteristics would serve to improve the classification system of lotus cultivars currently in use. The finding of previously unknown germplasm in this study indicated the potential of RAPD and ISSR techniques in identifying and managing lotus resources. Both marker techniques are potentially useful in improving the current strategies in breeding and germplasm conservation to enhance the ornamental and economic value of lotus.     

豆瓣菜种质资源遗传多样性的RAPD和ISSR分析

以8个豆瓣菜的品种为试材，用筛选出的79个RAPD引物和34个ISSR引物对这8个品种的基因组DNA进行扩增，分别扩增出361条和179条谱带，每个引物扩增出的带在3～10条之间，平均每个引物扩增出约5条带。根据所得的条带进行聚类分析，两种标记产生的聚类图存在一些差异，但它们都可以较好地将8个品种按亲缘关系的远近划分为3个不同的类群。Mantel测试得出相关系数r=0．58155，表明RAPD和ISSR两种分子标记技术的相关度很低。