鹦歌岭土壤来源Streptomyces sp. YG-7的次生代谢产物及其α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性研究

为了研究原始热带雨林鹦歌岭土壤放线菌（Streptomyces sp.）YG-7的次生代谢产物及其α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性,采用多种柱色谱方法对土壤放线菌YG-7的发酵产物进行分离纯化得到9个化合物,经过波谱数据分析分别鉴定为：(1) 2-acetamido-5-chlorobenzamide, (2) cyclo (L-Pro-L-Leu), (3) 3,6-dibenzylidene-2,5-piperazinedione, (4) albonoursin, (5) (3Z,6S)-3-benzylidene-6-isobutylpiperazine-2,5-dione, (6) 3-hydroxy-2-methyl-4-pyrone, (7) isophthalic acid, (8) methyl 3-carbamoylbenzoate, (9) 2,3-dihydroxypropyl hexadecanoate. 其中,化合物1、7和8为新天然产物。活性测试结果表明化合物1、3~5和7~8对α-葡萄糖苷酶具有明显的抑制活性。     

海南粗榧内生真菌F127发酵液的次级代谢产物研究

对海南粗榧(Cephalotaxus hainanensis Li.)内生真菌F127发酵液化学组分进行研究。用多种色谱技术对F127代谢产物进行分离纯化,以LC-MS、ESI-MS和超导核磁共振分析鉴定化合物结构,最后采用MTT法测定化合物的抗肿瘤活性。从海南粗榧内生真菌F127的发酵液中分离得到5个单体化合物,分别鉴定为oblongolide T(1)、sorbicillin(2)、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(3)、phomopsolide B(4)、6,8-二羟基-3-甲基-3,4-二氢异香豆素(5),且化合物1、4、5对肿瘤细胞K562、NB4、HL-60、Hep G-2和Lovo表现出不同抑制活性。化合物4对5株肿瘤细胞均表现出抑制活性,对K562、NB4、HL-60抑制效果显著,IC50值分别为3.35、0.014和0.16μg/m L,对Hep G-2和Lo Vo只有温和抑制作用;化合物1对K562、NB4、HL-60抑制作用良好,IC50值分别为51.82、54.25和29.31μg/m L;化合物5对NB4和Hep G-2则具有一定抑制活性;化合物2和3对测试细胞株未表现出抑制活性。5个化合物均是首次从海南粗榧内生真菌中分离得到,并首次报道了化合物1、4对K562、NB4、HL-60的优良细胞毒活性,为进一步研究海南粗榧内生真菌中的活性天然产物奠定了基础。     

党参发酵优势菌种筛选及发酵产物的化学成分研究

目的 从13种药用真菌中筛选出党参发酵的优势菌种,并对优势菌种与党参发酵产物的化学成分进行研究.方法 利用硅胶柱色谱、ODS柱色谱、半制备液相色谱等方法 对党参发酵产物70％乙醇提取物进行分离纯化,结合化合物理化性质和波谱数据(1H-NMR、13C-NMR)鉴定化合物的结构.结果 根据党参发酵情况确定灵芝菌为党参发酵优...     

红树林来源真菌Xylaria sp. HNWSW-2异香豆素类次生代谢产物及其生物活性的研究

为了研究红树林来源真菌Xylaria sp. HNWSW-2的次生代谢产物及其生物活性,综合利用多种色谱技术对该菌株发酵产物进行分离纯化,结合波谱学与理化常数分析进行化合物结构鉴定,分别采用液体浸泡法和Ellman比色法对化合物的全齿复活线虫致死活性和乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制活性进行测试。从Xylaria sp. HNWSW-2发酵产物乙酸乙酯萃取物中分离鉴定了7个异香豆素类化合物,分别为 (S)-(+)-8-O-methylmellein (1),(3S,4S)-(+)-4-hydroxy-8-O- methylmellein (2),(3S,4R)-(+)-4-hydroxy-8-O-methylmellein (3),(3S,4S)-(+)-4-hydroxymellein (4),(3S,4R)-(+)-4- hydroxymellein (5),(3R,4R)-(-)-4-hydroxy-5-methylmellein (6)和(3R,4S)-(+)-4-hydroxy-5-methylmellein (7)。其中,化合物1具有较强全齿复活线虫致死活性,化合物1~3、6和7具有一定的乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制活性。本研究首次发现化合物(S)-(+)-8-O-methylmellein具有较强的抗线虫活性,为相关杀线虫药物的研发提供理论依据。     

沉香样品中曲霉属真菌菌株 HNWSW-20 的分离鉴定及其次生代谢产物的研究

本文采用平板分离法从沉香样品中分离得到一株真菌 HNWSW-20,从形态学和分子生物学上鉴定其为曲霉菌（Aspergillus sp.）,并利用多种色谱技术对其次生代谢产物进行分离纯化,根据波谱数据和理化性质鉴定其化合物结构为：2?,3?-dihydrosorbicillin（1）,sorbicillin（2）,2,3-二氢-2-(1-丙烯)-6,8-二甲基-7-羟基-色酮（3）,邻苯二甲酸二丁酯（4）,7-羟基-异苯并呋喃-1(3H)-酮（5）二十烷酸甲酯（6）;分别采用 Ellman 比色法和 pNPG 法测定化合物的乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制活性和 α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性,结果显示上述化合物 1、2、4 具有乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制活性,而化合物 1、3、5 具有 α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性。本文中化合物 1~2 为首次从曲霉属中分离得到,并首次报道具有乙酰胆碱酯酶和 α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性。     

美丽蛇根草正丁醇部生物碱成分研究

采用柱色谱技术进行分离纯化，利用薄层色谱法及波谱方法分别鉴定药用植物美丽蛇根草Ophiorrhiza rosea Hook全草甲醇提取物正丁醇萃取部分化合物结构，研究美丽蛇根草的生物碱成分。结果表明：从美丽蛇根草中共得到4个吲哚生物碱化合物，分别鉴定为Harman(1)、Strictosidinic acid(2)、5-Carbomethoxylyaloside(3)、Lyalosidic acid(4)；化合物2～4为首次从该种植物中分离得到。     

Secondary Metabolites Produced by a Cockchafer-derived Streptomyces sp. BCa1

对一株分离自昆虫铜绿金龟子幼虫肠道的链霉菌Streptomyces sp. BCa1的次生代谢产物进行化学研究。采用摇瓶发酵，并用柱色谱技术对该链霉菌的次生代谢产物进行分离纯化和利用光谱分析进行结构鉴定。结果从菌株Streptomyces sp. BCa1的发酵液中分离获得1个具有Hsp90蛋白抑制活性的格尔德霉素（geldanamycin）以及2个萘醌型大环内酯类化合物。所有化合物均为首次从昆虫来源的链霉菌中发现，且格尔德霉素为其主要产物，表明昆虫来源的放线菌具有良好的开发前景。     

不同发酵方式对海南粗榧内生真菌CH1307c合成次级代谢产物的影响

为研究不同发酵方式对内生真菌次级代谢产物产量、成分类别及其对3种常见白血病细胞株的细胞毒活性影响。分别采用大米固态发酵、麦麸固态发酵、马铃薯液态静置发酵、马铃薯动态发酵4种发酵方式对分离自海南粗榧韧皮部内生真菌CH1307c进行发酵,并采用乙酸乙酯进行萃取,通过试管定性试验和MTT试验测定其粗提物的成分类别及其对细胞株K562、NB4、HL60的细胞毒活性。结果表明:大米固态发酵、麦麸固态发酵的次级代谢粗提物产量相对于马铃薯动态发酵分别增加了45.9倍和28倍;马铃薯动态发酵较其静置发酵产量高9.1倍。试管定性试验结果表明,大米固态发酵获得的粗提物,化合物种类最多,麦麸发酵和动态发酵次之,马铃薯液态静置发酵最少。此外,4种发酵方式获得的代谢粗提物对3株细胞株的抗肿瘤活性(IC50值)并未呈现明显差异。研究结果为该菌株的大规模发酵提供理论依据。     

艾纳香中绿原酸类化学成分研究

为全面了解海南传统黎药艾纳香抗菌药效物质基础,本研究采用硅胶柱色谱、凝胶色谱以及高效液相色谱技术对艾纳香提取物进行系统化学成分研究。结果显示:共分离鉴定6个绿原酸类成分:3,5-O-二咖啡酰奎尼酸乙酯(1),3,5-O-二咖啡酰奎尼酸甲酯(2),3,4-O-二咖啡酰奎尼酸甲酯(3),3,4-O-二咖啡酰奎尼酸(4),3,5-O-二咖啡酰奎尼酸(5),1,3,5-O-三咖啡酰奎尼酸(6)。化合物1~6均为首次从该植物中分离得到,其中化合物1为新天然产物。抗细菌活性评价显示化合物3对枯草芽孢杆菌及化合物6对金黄色葡萄球菌均具有较强抑制活性,MIC值均为64μg/mL,推测绿原酸类为艾纳香的重要抗菌活性组成。     

海洋放线菌Streptomyces sp. HNWSW-49的次生代谢产物研究

对1株具有抗芒果炭疽病菌活性的海口湾海泥来源放线菌Streptomyces sp.HNWSW-49发酵液的化学成分进行研究。采用多种色谱技术对化合物进行分离纯化,以波谱数据确定化合物的结构。从来源于海口湾海泥的放线菌Streptomyces sp.HNWSW-49发酵液的乙酸乙酯提取物中分离鉴定了7个含氮化合物,分别为:环-(苯丙-丙)二肽(1),环-(亮-甘)二肽(2),环-(苯丙-缬)二肽(3),环-(羟脯-苯丙)二肽(4),N-(2-苯基)乙酰胺(5),β-腺苷(6),和2-哌啶酮(7)。所有化合物均为首次从该放线菌中分离得到,其中化合物6为首次从微生物中分离得到。      

Effects of high salt stress on secondary metabolite production in the marine-derived fungus Spicaria elegans

To obtain structurally novel and bioactive natural compounds from marine-derived microorganisms, the effect of high salt stress on secondary metabolite production in the marine-derived fungal strain, Spicaria elegans KLA-03, was investigated. The organism, which was isolated from marine sediment, produced different secondary metabolites when cultured in 3% and 10% saline conditions. Four characteristic metabolites, only produced in the 10% salinity culture, were isolated, and their structures were identified as (2E,2'Z)-3,3'-(6,6'-dihydroxybiphenyl-3,3'-diyl)diacrylic acid (1), aspulvinone E (2), aspochalasin E (3) and trichodermamide B (6), according to their 1D and 2D NMR spectra. Compound 1 is a new compound. High salt stress may therefore be a promising means to induce the production of new and chlorinated compounds in halotolerant fungi. Compound 1 showed moderate antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 0.038 and 0.767 mM, respectively.     

艾纳香乙酸乙酯部位抗菌活性成分研究

本研究采用硅胶柱层析、ODS反相柱层析、sephadex LH-20分子筛等技术进行分离纯化艾纳香乙酸乙酯部位,共获得7个化合物。采用波谱学技术进行结构鉴定,7个化合物分别为：3,3’,5,7-四羟基-4’-甲氧基-二氢黄酮（1）,7-甲氧基紫衫叶素(padmatin)（2）,木犀草素-7-甲醚（3）,咖啡酸（4）,北美圣草素（5）,槲皮素（6）和木犀草素（7）。采用96孔板倍比稀释法,对单体化合物抗细菌活性进行评价,结果显示化合物2和3具有较好的抑制金黄色葡萄球菌活性,MIC值均为64 μg/mL。化合物2和4均为首次从该植物中分离,化合物2 和3可作为艾纳香抗菌活性先导化合物,为相关新药研发提供依据。     

木麻黄小枝提取物的抗蚁及抑菌生物活性

采用滤纸药膜法测定木麻黄（Casuarina equistiolia Forst小枝提取液对黑翅土白蚁的毒杀和驱避活性,并测定了木麻黄小枝提取液对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、清酒假丝酵母、黑曲霉的抑菌活性。结果表明∶木麻黄小枝水提取液对黑翅土白蚁有显著的触杀毒性,处理浓度为5mg血L条件下,校正死亡率达82%。木麻黄小枝水提取液对黑翅土白蚁无显著的忌避活性,对金黄色葡萄球菌表现出显著的抑制活性。化学成分预试验表明,木麻黄小枝水提取液中含有黄酮类、酚类和糖类等代谢产物。     

γ-氨基丁酸对香蕉果实采后成熟的调控作用及其生理机制

香蕉是世界上最重要的水果之一,研究香蕉采后成熟与调控对香蕉品质形成及创新采后催熟技术具有重要意义。本实验室前期的研究结果发现Ma GAD1基因的表达与香蕉采后乙烯生物合成及果实成熟密切相关。本研究在此基础上,根据香蕉果实达到全黄并有黑色斑点期(YB)成熟度的天数为标准,筛选出Ma GAD1基因表达的诱导剂γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)能够促进香蕉果实采后成熟。生理学分析结果表明,外源GABA能够促使香蕉果实提前发生生理跃变。实时荧光定量PCR分析结果表明,外源GABA能够诱导Ma GAD1和Ma ACS1上调表达。因此,GABA通过诱导Ma GAD1和Ma ACS1上调表达及促进香蕉果实生理跃变,从而促进香蕉果实采后成熟。本研究不仅从理论上证明了GABA能够促进果实成熟,揭示了GABA促进果实成熟生理机制,并且从实际生产上为蕉催熟的应用提供了一种新方法。     

Antibacterial Activities of a New Brominated Diterpene from Borneon Laurencia spp

In our continuous interest to study the diversity of halogenated metabolites of Malaysian species of the red algal genus Laurencia, we examined the chemical composition of five populations of unrecorded Laurencia sp. A new brominated diterpene, 10-acetoxyangasiol (1), and four other known metabolites, aplysidiol (2), cupalaurenol (3), 1-methyl-2,3,5-tribromoindole (4), and chamigrane epoxide (5), were isolated and identified. Isolated metabolites exhibited potent antibacterial activities against clinical bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus sp., Streptococcus pyogenes, Salmonella sp. and Vibrio cholerae.     

New Isocoumarin Analogues from the Marine-Derived Fungus Paraphoma sp. CUGBMF180003

Nine new secondary metabolites, including six isocoumarin analogues, 7-hydroxyoospolactone (1), 7-methoxyoospolactone (2), 7-methoxy-9-hydroxyoospolactone (3), 10-acetoxy-9-hydroxyoospolactone (4), 6-dehydroxysescandelin (5), parapholactone (6), and three compounds with a rare skeleton of isocoumarin coupled with phenylethylamine, namely paraphamide A (12), paraphamide B (13), and paraphamide C (14), together with five known compounds, oospolactone (7), 8-O-methyloospolactone (8), 10-hydroxyoospolactone (9), 9,10-dihydroxyoospolactone (10), and oospoglycol (11), were isolated and identified from the marine-derived fungus Paraphoma sp. CUGBMF180003. Their chemical structures were determined using spectroscopic data, including HRESIMS and 1D and 2D NMR techniques. Furthermore, the stereogenic carbons in 5 and 14 were determined by comparing the experimental and calculated electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra. The carbon skeleton of 12–14 was identified as the first example of isocoumarin coupled with phenylethylamine derivatives. All of these compounds were examined for antimicrobial activities against Candida albicans and Staphylococcus aureus. Both 1 and 6 showed antibacterial activity against S. aureus with MIC values of 12.5 μg/mL.     

Inhibitory effects of Sage extract on the growth of enteric bacteria

Antibacterial activity of Sage extract at concentrations of 0.1, 0.05, 0.025, 0.0125, 0.00625, 0.003125, 0.00156, 0.0005 and 0.00025 g dL(-1) against Salmonella typhi, Shigella sonnei, S. flexneri, Proteus vulgaris, Staphylococcus aureus, ETEC Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was evaluated. Susceptibility testing of bacterial strains against 18 antibiotics was also performed for comparison. The results showed that P. aeruginosa and ETEC E. coli were completely resistant to Sage extract even at concentration of 0.1 g dL(-1). Its antibacterial activity (0.1 g dL(-1)) against P. vulgaris, S. flexneri and S. sonnei was the same as nitrofurantoin and ampicilline respectively. Sage extract (0.1 and 0.05 g dL(-1)) exhibited the same effects as ampicilline and streptomycin against S. typhi. Its antibacterial activity (0.1, 0.05 and 0.25 g dL(-1)) against S. aureus was the same as ceftazidim, chloramphenicol, gentamycin, neomycin and nitrofurantoin and was more significant compared to streptomycin and vancomycin. The results suggest Sage can be considered as an alternative herbal in the treatment of infections caused by the above-mentioned bacteria.     

Identification of the antibacterial compound produced by the marine epiphytic bacterium Pseudovibrio sp. D323 and related sponge-associated bacteria

Surface-associated marine bacteria often produce secondary metabolites with antagonistic activities. In this study, tropodithietic acid (TDA) was identified to be responsible for the antibacterial activity of the marine epiphytic bacterium Pseudovibrio sp. D323 and related strains. Phenol was also produced by these bacteria but was not directly related to the antibacterial activity. TDA was shown to effectively inhibit a range of marine bacteria from various phylogenetic groups. However TDA-producers themselves were resistant and are likely to possess resistance mechanism preventing autoinhibition. We propose that TDA in isolate D323 and related eukaryote-associated bacteria plays a role in defending the host organism against unwanted microbial colonisation and, possibly, bacterial pathogens.     

Marinopyrrole derivatives as potential antibiotic agents against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (I)

Infections caused by drug-resistant pathogens are on the rise. The ongoing spread of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains exemplifies the urgent need for new antibiotics. The marine natural product, marinopyrrole A, was previously shown to have potent antibiotic activity against Gram-positive pathogens, including MRSA. However, its minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against MRSA was increased by >500 fold in the presence of 20% human serum, thus greatly limiting therapeutic potential. Here we report our discovery of a novel derivative of marinopyrrole A, designated 1a, featuring a 2-4 fold improved MIC against MRSA and significantly less susceptibility to serum inhibition. Importantly, compound 1a displayed rapid and concentration-dependent killing of MRSA. Compared to the natural product counterpart, compound 1a provides an important natural product based scaffold for further Structure Activity Relationship (SAR) and optimization.     

Bioactive Phenylalanine Derivatives and Cytochalasins from the Soft Coral-Derived Fungus,Aspergillus elegans

One new phenylalanine derivative 4′-OMe-asperphenamate (1), along with one known phenylalanine derivative (2) and two new cytochalasins, aspochalasin A1 (3) and cytochalasin Z24 (4), as well as eight known cytochalasin analogues (5–12) were isolated from the fermentation broth of Aspergillus elegans ZJ-2008010, a fungus obtained from a soft coral Sarcophyton sp. collected from the South China Sea. Their structures and the relative configurations were elucidated using comprehensive spectroscopic methods. The absolute configuration of 1 was determined by chemical synthesis and Marfey’s method. All isolated metabolites (1–12) were evaluated for their antifouling and antibacterial activities. Cytochalasins 5, 6, 8 and 9 showed strong antifouling activity against the larval settlement of the barnacle Balanus amphitrite, with the EC₅₀ values ranging from 6.2 to 37 μM. This is the first report of antifouling activity for this class of metabolites. Additionally, 8 exhibited a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, especially against four pathogenic bacteria Staphylococcus albus, S. aureus, Escherichia coli and Bacillus cereus.