In vitro morphogenetic competence of basal sprouts and crown branches of mature chestnut

Basal shoots of five clones of mature chestnut tree (Castanea sativa Mill. and C. sativa x C. crenata Siebold & Zucc.) had a greater capacity for in vitro establishment, multiplication and rooting than crown branches of the same trees. Cultures from basal shoots were more responsive than crown-derived cultures in terms of in vitro reactivity (proportion of the explants with shoot development), the mean number of shoots formed per explant, the length of the tallest shoot in each culture, and the multiplication coefficient (defined as the product of the reactivity and the mean number of shoots per explant). Multiplication coefficients were greatest between subcultures 6 and 12, but subculturing failed to increase the rooting potential of shoots of crown origin. Multiplication and rooting rates were also determined for clones derived from seeds of mature trees. Genotype influenced the in vitro performance of clones of both adult and seedling origins.     

黄金香柳的组织培养与快速繁殖

文章报道黄金香柳的组织培养和快速繁殖试验。结果表明：以黄金香柳嫩茎作外植体进行培养,不定芽诱导率高,经连续3次培养不定芽增殖倍数可达7.9～10.7。适宜黄金香柳丛芽快速增殖的培养基配方为MS＋6-BA 0.5 mg/L＋NAA 0.01 mg/L＋蔗糖30 g/L,一次继代培养时,平均每瓶无菌材料可提供45.5个枝芽（≥1 cm）用于转接生根。诱导植株生根的最佳培养基配方为MS＋IBA 1.0～1.5 mg/L＋蔗糖15 g/L,适宜的培养时间为21～25 d,生根率可高达96%以上。移植的试管植株90%以上存活。     

Plantlet regeneration of adult <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pinus massoniana</Emphasis> Lamb. trees using explants collected in March and thidiazuron in culture medium

A protocol for micropropagation using nodal explants from mature Pinus massoniana trees has been developed. Time of explant collection is crucial for the initial success of aseptic culture. Explants collected in early March gave the highest percentage of explant survival (64.5%) and shoot-forming percentage (52.3%). Thidiazuron (TDZ) concentration significantly influenced shoot formation; 4 μM TDZ was optimum, with 4.8 shoots produced per explant with a mean length of 7.1 cm after 120 days of culture. Regenerated shoots rooted for 60 days in basic medium with 1 μM NAA were ready for growth in pots. This is the first report on plantlet regeneration in vitro from mature trees of P. massoniana that provides a reliable method for propagating selected elites.     

Reinvigoration of mature chestnut (Castanea sativa) by repeated graftings and micropropagation

Gradual reinvigoration of adult chestnut (Castanea sativa M. cv. Montemarano) shoots was obtained by serial grafting onto juvenile rootstocks. The phenomenon was evaluated on the basis of percentage of primary nodes regenerating axillary shoots and length and number of shoots (> 10 mm) per primary node. In vitro growth of explants from serially grafted shoots was significantly lower than that of explants from seedlings at the end of the establishment phase. Only microshoots from seedlings and plants that had been serially grafted four times could be subcultured on proliferation medium. Repeated subculture on medium containing a low cytokinin concentration induced progressive reinvigoration of microshoots derived from plants that had been serially grafted four times. The number of axillary shoots per explant increased significantly after six subcultures. After 12 subcultures, microshoots from serially grafted plants showed an increase in stem elongation, rooting and plantlet survival. After in vitro stabilization, there was no difference in in vitro performance between microshoots derived from seedlings and serially grafted plants. Microshoots multiplied from serially grafted plants displayed only a transitory appearance of juvenile traits.     

Requirements for in vitro rooting of Quercus robur and Q. rubra shoots derived from mature trees

Stabilized shoot cultures initiated from crown material of six adult Quercus robur L. trees and from basal epicormic shoots of a Quercus rubra L. tree showed good in vitro rooting capacity. An initial five-day dark period generally improved the rooting response but was detrimental to plantlet quality. There were clonal differences in rooting capacity. The concentration and exposure time of the indolebutyric acid (IBA) treatment were critical for root induction. In both species, best rooting efficiency was achieved by culture in medium containing 25 mg l(-1) IBA for 24 h and subsequent transfer to an auxin-free medium containing 1% activated charcoal. For all clones tested, the charcoal benefited both shoot quality and root system development, the latter being enhanced by the formation of many lateral roots. Total root system area and length, measured with a digital image analyzer, were significantly greater in medium containing charcoal than in medium lacking charcoal. Because darkening the basal part of the shoots with aluminum foil during the rooting phase only caused a small increase in rooting, we conclude that the large effect of charcoal on rooting was the result of adsorption of inhibitory compounds from the medium or the explant or both, rather than of basal darkening. Other factors affecting the rooting response of Q. robur were: (a) the position on the tree of the material from which cultures were initiated (the topophysical effect); and (b) shoot quality. Recycling the same horizontally placed explant on multiplication medium allowed three successive crops of shoots to be obtained, and rootability was typically maintained from crop to crop.     

韦塔桉组培育苗技术研究

通过韦塔桉组培的全过程,对培养过程中芽丛的生长和生根情况进行探讨,得出继代增殖培养基以改良MS1 6-BA0.5mg/L NAA0.2mg/L最佳,生根培养基以改良MS2 IBA0.5mg/L NAA0.1mg/L为最佳组合。     

照山白杜鹃组织培养研究

以照山白杜鹃(Rhododendron micranthum)试管苗的茎段为外植体,研究不同激素组合对其外植体诱导、丛生芽增殖及试管苗生根的影响.结果表明:最适丛生芽诱导培养基为Read+ ZT 4.0 mg/L+ NAA 0.05 mg/L+蔗糖(3％),诱导率达92.41％;最适丛生芽增殖培养基为Read+ ZT 3.0 mg/L+ NAA 0.1 mg/L+蔗糖(3％),增殖系数达7.56;生根培养基为Read+ IAA 0.5mg/L+蔗糖(2％),生根率达92.5％;NAA不适宜照山白杜鹃生根诱导;将试管苗移栽到松毛土∶泥炭土∶河沙=1∶2∶1的基质中,成活率达89％.     

日本樱花茎段再生体系的建立

以成年日本樱花茎段为外植体,系统研究了取材时间、冷藏时间、消毒方法、激素等诸多因素对茎段再生的影响,建立了日本樱花茎段丛生芽再生体系。研究结果表明,一般中午取材、4℃冷藏2 d、75%酒精浸泡3 min后用0.1%HgCl2浸泡7 min,可获得日本樱花无菌材料。将无菌材料接种至MS+NAA0.05 mg.L-1+6-BA2.0 mg.L-1的分化培养基上,腋芽明显萌动并伸长;在MS+6-BA4.0 mg.L-1+NAA0.3 mg.L-1+GA30.05 mg.L-1的增殖培养基上,腋芽不但能较快增殖形成大量丛生芽,而且形成的小芽能继续长大。待小芽长至3 cm~3.5 cm时,将其切割下来转移至1/2MS+NAA0.6 mg.L-1+IBA0.2 mg.L-1生根培养基中,最终获得日本樱花的完整植株。     

火焰卫矛组织培养及植株再生研究

以火焰卫矛成熟胚培养长出的子叶为外植体进行组织培养及植株再生研究,建立了火焰卫矛再生体系,成熟胚培养基为WPM+TDZ 0.5 mg.L-1;子叶愈伤组织诱导和不定芽分化培养基为WPM+6-BA 6 mg.L-1+IBA 0.2 mg.L-1;生根培养基为1/2MS+NAA 0.2 mg.L-1+活性碳0.5 g.L-1。     

百日草组织培养技术的研究

以百日草茎段为外植体,对其进行组织培养技术研究,结果表明:不同生长阶段的茎段对相同的消毒处理产生不同的反映,以生长中等的茎段诱导腋芽萌发的效果最为理想,适宜的灭菌方法为70%酒精处理20 s、再用0.1%HgCl2处理8+4 min。最合适的腋芽诱导培养基为MS+KT0.2 mg·L-1+BA2.0 mg·L-1+GA0.5 mg·L-1,外植体污染率较低,诱导率较高;试管苗继代增殖效果最佳的培养基为MS+BA1.0 mg·L-1,不仅增殖系数高,达到8.67,而且试管苗生长健壮;生根效果最好的培养基为MS+NAA0.1 mg·L-1,试管苗根系生长粗壮,生根数量多,平均根长较短。     

红花刺槐茎段组织培养研究

红花刺槐为刺槐的变型,其组织培养至今尚未见报道。为提高红花刺槐的繁殖系数,进行了红花刺槐茎段外植体诱导成活、初代培养基和继代培养基以及生根培养基的筛选试验,并对愈伤组织成苗进行了探索。结果表明当年生枝条茎段组织培养春天比秋天成活率高,绿色致密的愈伤组织能够成苗。初代培养以SH为基本培养基为好,继代培养以B5为基本培养基为好,生根培养以1/2MS为基本培养基为好,繁殖系数达每芽30天4.7株,生根率为84.4%。表7参22。     

白林2号杨组织培养与快繁技术研究

以白林2号杨优树萌发枝条(已木质化)为外植体进行组织培养快繁技术研究,结果表明:初代分化最适培养基为MS+6-BA0.3 mg·L-1+IAA0.5 mg·L-1,分化仅为7 d,并有丛生芽发生;使用MS+6-BA0.3 mg·L-1+NAA0.01 mg·L-1+IAA0.3 mg·L-1进行继代培养效果最好,丛生芽粗壮,数量较多;以附加不同含量NAA和IAA诱导生根,可获得再生植株,其中1/2MS+NAA0.01 mg·L-1+IAA0.2 mg·L-1培养基生根率达到88%。     

枫香组织培养快繁育苗技术研究

以枫香2 a生苗的嫩芽为外植体进行组织培养,分别从不同优良家系建立4个无性系,同时进行组培快繁育苗技术研究.试验结果表明,适宜外植体诱导的培养基为MS+ KT 0.2 mg/L+ NAA 0.5 mg/L+CM 50 mL/L,适宜不定芽增殖的培养基为改良MS+BA 1.5 mg/L+ NAA 0.2 mg/L.外植体...     

利用辣木茎段建立植株再生体系的研究

选择印度改良辣木的幼苗茎段,经外植体消毒后,进行了不定芽初代诱导、继代培养、生根诱导和生根苗移植试验,结果表明:最适不定芽初代诱导培养基为MS 6BA1mg/L 卡拉胶5g/L, 糖30g/L,继代培养基为MS 6BA0.4mg/L NAA0.2mg/L 卡拉胶5g/L 糖30g/L,生根培养基为1/2MS IBA0.4mg/L NAA0.2mg/L 卡拉胶7g/L 糖20g/L,最适的生根瓶苗移栽基质为黄心土40% 泥炭60%,并对微繁体系建立过程中继代苗的玻璃化、生根苗黄化及愈伤头过大、移栽过程中的管理等问题进行了讨论.     

地被月季组培快繁技术分析及试验研究

以MS为基本培养基,附加不同浓度的6-BA、NAA、IBA、KT等植物生长调节剂,对地被月季"猩红梅荻朗"品种的组培快繁技术进行了研究,同时进行了试管苗移栽基质筛选试验。结果表明:适宜的诱导培养基为MS+6-BA1.0mg/L+NAA0.10mg/L,腋芽萌发率达170%,平均芽高为2.6cm;增殖培养基以MS+KT0.5mg/L+NAA0.10mg/L效果最好,增殖系数达7.0,且芽生长健壮;最适宜的生根培养基为1/2MS+IBA0.05mg/L,生根率达96%,且根健壮发达。     

水栒子组织培养快繁体系研究

以水栒子（Cotoneaster multiflorus Bunge.）的新梢带侧芽茎段为外植体,研究了不同激素组合对其外植体诱导、丛生芽分化增殖以及试管苗生根的影响。结果表明：芽诱导最适培养基为MS＋BA0.8＋NAA0.04,诱导率为68%;分化增殖最佳培养基是MS＋6-BA1.2＋NAA0.04,增殖倍数为4.53;最佳生根培养基是1/2MS＋IBA0.4＋NAA0.04,生根率为91%;试管苗移栽的最佳基质组合及配比为沙子∶熟表土∶草炭土∶果渣=3∶3∶2∶2,成活率达91%。     

野生柱穗醉鱼草嫩芽的组培技术研究

以野生柱穗醉鱼草的嫩芽为外植体,分诱导培养,茎芽增殖,继代培养,生根培养4个阶段进行其组培技术研究,结果表明:外植体消毒用0.1%升汞液浸泡7 min效果较好;最佳的诱导培养基是MS 6-BA 0.5 mg/L NAA0.02 mg/L;茎芽增殖培养基是MS 6-BA 0.5 mg/L NAA0.02 mg/L;继代培养基是MS 6-BA 0.5 mg/L;生根培养基是MS 6-BA 0.5 mg/L NAA 0.02 mg/L AC 0.3%。     

猕猴桃组织培养及繁殖能力的研究

以猕猴桃的顶芽作外植体进行离体培养,芽分化率最高为79．1％,其次是侧芽和茎段,两者的芽分化率分别可达45．8％和24．4％,叶片的芽分化率为0;以顶芽为外植体,在添加1．5mg／LBAP和0．2mg／LNAA,N素减半的改良MS培养基上进行芽分化和继代培养,芽分化率可达到97．7％,在继代培养中补充10mg／L的谷氨酸盐,可大大提高继代增殖系数β1,到第三次继代时,β1可达到127．5,而此时对照的β1;仅为12．7。以N素减半或N素及Fe盐减半的MS培养基作生根培养基,生根率均可达100％,比对照提高30％,平均根长分别比对照长4．2cm和7．1cm,开始生根时间分别比对照早3d和6d,在生根培养基上添加3％的活性碳可以进一步提高生根长度,缩短生根时间。研究认为繁殖系数ε是衡量一个外植体可繁殖成多少苗木的主要指标,本试验中ε＝101,即一个外植体可繁殖101探苗。     

大马士革蔷薇的组织培养与快速繁殖

以大马士革蔷薇的当年生枝条为外植体,研究了不同浓度6-BA和NAA外源激素配比组合对其离体培养的影响,结果表明：适宜的诱导腋芽培养基为MS＋BA0．4mg／L＋NAA0．2mg／L;继代增殖培养基为MS＋BA0．5mg／L＋NAA0．2mg／L;生根培养基为1／2MS＋NAA0．3mg／L。     

新铁炮百合的组培快繁技术研究

文章对新铁炮百合的组织培养进行了研究。结果表明:以球根鳞片做外植体培养,在MS+BA1.5+NAA0.6培养基上可诱导出大量小鳞茎,在MS+BA1+NAA0.05培养基上继代可繁殖出苗,系数5倍以上;生根培养以1/2MS+NAA0.5培养基为最好,生根率达98%;移栽基质以纯沙为最好,成活率达95%以上。